Soil Engineering is a current of Geotechnical Engineering, which deals exclusively with the

understanding of the characteristics and mechanics of soils. Soil Engineering helps to

As is well known, soils are the basis of all construction and as this is a very complex
material due to the variability of its properties and therefore being a difficult material to
understand, it is necessary to know all its properties that allow us to characterize the soil
under study. Due to the ignorance of the soils on which it is planned to build, a very
important percentage of the origin of damages and flaws in the building is precisely, in the
influence of the land, especially when unfavorable properties are found in it, based on the
above proposes to carry out a study of soil mechanics to have a better knowledge of the
soil on which the construction of an industrial warehouse was proposed, having as results
that the soil of the natural terrain is not recommended to build on it since it does not
comply with the SCT specifications to form part of the earth layer, also other results
obtained were that none of the bench materials analyzed met the specifications for the
sub-base and base layers, so it is recommended to improve the material banks so that
they meet the necessary quality or another option would be to analyze materials from
other banks to see if they comply.

Floors are the oldest and most complex building material. Its variety is enormous and its
properties, variable in time and space, are difficult to understand and measure. Despite
this, prior to the 20th century, no serious effort was made to scientifically attack the study
of soil mechanics (Das, 1999). The need for soil behavior analysis arose in many countries,
often as a result of spectacular accidents, such as landslides and foundation failures. In the
Netherlands the slippage of a railway embankment near Weesp in 1918 gave rise to the
first systematic investigation in the field of soil mechanics, by a special commission
created by the government. Many of the basic principles of soil mechanics were well
known at the time, but their combination with an engineering discipline had not yet been
completed. The first important contributions to soil mechanics are due to Coulomb, who
published an important treatise on the failure of soils in 1776, and Rankine, who published
an article on possible stress states in soils in 1857. In 1856 Darcy published his famous
work on the permeability of soils, for the water supply of the city of Dijon. The principles
of continuous mechanics, including statics and strength of materials, also known in the
19th century, due to the work of Newton, Cauchy, Navier, and Boussinesq. The union of all
these foundations for a coherent discipline had to wait until the 20th century. It is worth
mentioning that the committee investigating the disaster near Weesp concluded that
water levels on the railway embankment increased from constant rain, and that the
strength of the retaining wall was insufficient to withstand these high waters pressures.
Important pioneering contributions to the development of soil mechanics were made by
Karl Terzaghi, who, among many other things, has described how to deal with the
influence of pore water pressures on the behavior of soils. This is an essential element of
the theory of soil mechanics.

Soil mechanics is a branch of civil engineering and it is currently very important for the
works that are to be built, previously civil works did not give much importance to a study
of soil mechanics and most of the works were carried out without a preliminary study of
the terrain where the construction of a work would be carried out. But the constructions
were more frequent and the works were of greater magnitude and that in many cases the
works that were already built suffered structural deterioration, this intuited that it was
necessary to investigate the causes that originated these structural failures, as a result of
all the investigations that have been carried out and are still being carried out today, it
was determined that the soils are totally incompressible in terms of their behavior. The
behavior of soils is due to the fact that they are constituted by different physical and
mechanical properties that characterize them as a type of soil, these properties are
obtained from laboratory tests and subsequently the behavior that the soil may have
through a burden applied to this or to climate changes, currently in Mexico geotechnical
studies have been legalized for several years, otherwise it occurs in several Latin American
countries and in other parts of the world where they are not yet legalized. Today, civil
works, small or large, require a geotechnical study, generally to have a vision or panorama
of the land on which a work is going to be built.

Because a very important percentage of the origin of damages and flaws in the building is
found precisely in the influence of the land, especially when there are unfavorable
properties such as expansion or contraction, such as metastable soils which experience a
large volume change when saturated, causing large and sudden settlements when it
comes to collapsible soils as well as cracking or breaking in foundations and / or structural
members when it comes to expansive soils, all this derived from a little knowledge of it or
how of a poor estimate of its index properties, it is for this reason that a study is necessary
prior to the construction of the substation.

The importance of the study of soil mechanics depends on the type of project that is going
to be carried out and its magnitude; The results of the study will allow the engineer to
determine the conditions in which the soil is located on which it is going to be built and
thus make decisions that allow reducing the construction costs of the work. The main
beneficiaries of carrying out a soil mechanics study are those interested in building, since
if the study is carried out, problems can be avoided in the future and this could lead to
additional costs that would be much higher than those that a study would cost. of soil
mechanics.