ISSN (Online) 2393-8021

IARJSET ISSN (Print) 2394-1588

International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology

Vol. 8, Issue 7, July 2021
DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2021.8716

Reverse Parking Sensor

Mahanth Sai M1, Manoj G S2, Mrs Pooja P S3
Department of Electronics and Communication, KS Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India1,2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication, KS Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India3

Abstract: In this paper, we will discuss about the notion of reverse parking sensors. Advancements in the field of
automobile industry, prompted to produce numerous private cars. Correspondingly, a plenty of novice drivers are
increasing. For an inexperienced driver backing up a car is considerably a difficult job. Moreover, it is easy to damage
the car due to obstacles that are hardly seen on the rear-view mirror. To overcome this, we will design a reverse parking
sensor using ultra sonic sensor and Arduino which will assist the driver while reversing the car. In this project,
Ultrasonic sensor detects the object and sends signals to microcontroller, if the distance is less it alerts the driver with
help of the buzzer.

Keywords: Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic sensor, Buzzer, Microcontroller, Components, Parking sensor.

I. INTRODUCTION

In the present scenario, vehicle parking is considered as dominant skill for a driver, as it is tedious and tough job to
judge the space around the vehicle. Parking a car parallelly and while reversing the car in parking lots often requires
expertise, so to make it easier parking sensor is developed. These are proximity sensors which helps the driver to know
the distance between the car and the obstacle while parking. In this project we utilized Ultrasonic sensor and Arduino to
detect and park the car cautiously without getting into trouble. Ultrasonic sensor sends acoustic pulses and the Arduino
measures the interval of each reflected signal, based on this time interval, Arduino then calculates the distance and
activates the Buzzer if the distance between the sensor and object is less than certain range. Buzzer is connected to
Arduino, which will be activated to warn the driver when distance is less. Parking sensor is activated when driver
engages into reverse gear, sensor operates continuously until the reverse gear is disengaged.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

➢ Smart Parking Systems and Sensors: A Survey G. Revathi, V. R. Sarma Dhulipala, Conference Paper · February
2012, DOI:10.1109/ICCCA.2012.6179195

The survey explores, the concept of smart parking system and their categories.
➢ Car Parking Distance Controller Using Ultrasonic Sensors Based On Arduino Uno, Volume 2, Issue 5, September
2021 ISSN: 2715-5072 DOI: 10.18196/jrc.25106.

It is project developed for parking management companies and parking users, which helps in managing the spaces for
the car and easy usage of parking lots.

III. HARDWARE COMPONENTS

1.Ultrasonic sensor: An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of an object by emitting
ultrasonic sound waves and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic sensors primarily contain
two elements: the transmitter and the receiver. transmitter sends ultrasound frequency that reflects from the objects and
the receiver receives it with an echo. Further this echo is processed to calculate difference in time, depending on the
computed time the distance between object and sensor is calculated.

2.Arduino Uno: It is a microcontroller board based on microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by
Arduino. Arduino Uno includes 6pin analog, 14pin digital inputs, USB port, socket and a ICSP header. It is
programmed using Arduino IDE and powered with a USB cable.

3.BC548 NPN Transistor: It has three terminals, emitter, base and collector. Transistor is used for amplification and
switching purpose.

© IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 94
 ISSN (Online) 2393-8021
IARJSET ISSN (Print) 2394-1588

International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology

Vol. 8, Issue 7, July 2021
DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2021.8716
4. 1N4007 PN Junction Diode: It is constructed with P and N-type materials. It works as one-way switch, which
allows the current to flow in one direction. It is a rectifying diode that helps in converting alternating current signals
(AC) to direct current signals (DC).

5. 1KΩ Resistor: it is two terminal device of 1kiloOhm resistance used to resist flow of current.

IV. SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

Arduino is programmed using Arduino IDE software. It a commonly used programming software which is easy to
understand. Program code is developed to detect the distance between obstacle and the sensor. For Ultrasonic sensor,
the TRIG Pin should be high for a minimum of 10µS.After this, the Ultrasonic Sensor automatically sends acoustic
pulses. The time between transmitted and the reflected signal is calculated by reading the HIGH on the ECHO pin. The
distance is calculated using the code: distance = 0.034*(duration/2). The code is constructed to increase the buzzing of
the buzzer as the distance decreases.

V. DESIGN AND WORKING

The ultrasonic sensor consists of 4 pins: VCC, TRIG, ECHO and GND. VCC, GND are in connection with +5V and
GND of the power supply while the TRIG and ECHO are connected to Digital I/O pins 11 and 10 of Arduino
respectively. Buzzer of 5V with a driver circuit using BC548 along with a 1KΩ resistor.

The above diagram represents the working flow of the Reverse parking sensor.
In the working, Ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the distance and Arduino Uno acts as control unit which controls
sensor calculates the distance and activates the buzzer. Initially, ultrasonic sensor transmits acoustic pulses and receives
the reflected pulses, Arduino makes use of the time interval of the reflected pulses and calculates the distance between
the object and sensors, microcontroller will activate the buzzer and if the distance is less than 100cms the intensity of
the buzzer increases. We can modify the code to increase the intensity of buzzer with decrease in the distance.

© IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 95
 ISSN (Online) 2393-8021
IARJSET ISSN (Print) 2394-1588

International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology

Vol. 8, Issue 7, July 2021
DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2021.8716
VI. RESULT AND CONCLUSION

The main aim of this project it to design an effectively working parking sensor which will assist the driver to make
parking effortless.

In this project we can detect an object within a range of 2cm to 400cm. When the circuit is powered, the Arduino will
start measuring the distance of the objects in front of the Ultrasonic Sensor. If the computed distance is under 100cm,
then Arduino activates the buzzer. We can modify the code to beep the buzzer so that the intensity of the beeps
increases with a decrease in the distance. This can be done in several stages for example, if distance measured is from
41 to 60cms,21 to 40cms and 0 to 20cms respectively the buzzer frequency can be set to different frequencies
50hz,100hz and 250hz. In this case the buzzer intensity will increases as the distance decreases.

REFERENCES

[1]. Ter-Feng Wu1, Pu-Sheng Tsai, Nien-Tsu Hu, and Jen-Yang Chen, “Research and Implementation of Auto Parking System Based on Ultrasonic
Sensors” ISBN 978-1-5090-3869- 5
[2]. M. Y. I. Idris, Y. Y. Leng, E. M. Tamil, N. M. Noor and Z. Razak, “Car Parking System: A Review of Smart Parking System and its
Technology,” Information Technology Journal 8 (2), 2009, pp. 101-113
[3]. https://www.electronicscomp.com/bc548-npngeneral-purpose-transistor-30v-100ma-to-92- package
[4]. http://www.arduino.org/
[5]. https://www.piborg.org/sensors-1136/hc-sr04

© IARJSET This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 96