International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-5S March, 2019

Smart Gardening System

Mithya V, Aishwarya M, Gayathri S, Mahalakshmi L S, Pavithra S
The sensors detects the values and provide it to the
Abstract: The main aim of the project is to develop techniques Arduino microcontroller. It converts these values into its
in agriculture automation to flourish and deliver its full potential. appropriate form that is executing in it and gives the output
This system designed by using arduino microcontroller to in the form water flow according to the input values.
overcome limitations of agriculture farming about supplying of In case, critical situation is detected through these sensors
water to plants by drip system with the available water tables. In
then an SMS is sent to the owner. An electrical fence is
our system we use Arduino microcontroller, motor pump, soil
moisture sensor. The motor pump works according to the soil included to keep the strangers away from the field by its
condition that is soil wet or dry; if soil is wet motor stops slight shock. Presence of a person is detected through PIR
otherwise motor run to give water to plants. The status of smotor sensor and a led indication with buzzer alert will be given in
is displayed on LCD. Different sensors are connected to the case of unauthorized person’s appearance. Authorized
controller to verify the temperature and CO gas. SMS will be sent person’s presence is identified using RFID module
to the owner in case of any critical situation. To keep the interfaced to the controller since the RFID card is being
strangers away from the field an electric fence is included with carried by that candidate, in such case electric fence will be
slight shock. The electric fence will be deactivated when a deactivated hence it doesn’t produce any shock.
authorized persons presence is identified near the field through
the RFID.
Keywords: Arduino, soilmoisture, temperature, Cosensors, II. EXISTING SYSTEM
RFID module, electricalfence, GSM, motor pump. This system is designedusing LPC2148 microcontroller,
soil moisture sensor, motor pump, opto isolator which drives
I. INTRODUCTION motor, temperature sensor, LDR sensor. A motor will turn
Irrigation is the main problem in agriculture in the the switch ON /OFF based on soil condition and the
countries which are in developing stage.The main cause is temperature increase in the field. The status of motor can be
low rainfall due to this more land is not irrigated. Another showed on 16X2 liquid crystal display. To find the day and
very important reason is unplanned usage of water resources night mode LDR sensor, Triac with bulb is used. The status
by this way more water gets wasted. By the drip system, of LDR can be showed on LCD.
water is supplied to the plant zone only thus saving a large
amount of water. Automatic irrigation system can supply
water to plants whenever they are in need of water at regular
power supply intervals. Here no need of turning ON/OFF of
valves.
By this automatic irrigation system, watering plants at
exact time based on soil condition which will improve crop
growth by taking water and minerals from soil when needed.
The aim of the project is to create a sensor network based on
low cost soil moisture, temperature monitoring system
which helps to track the moisture of the soil and temperature
in real time and allow water to the plants based on the
detecting values and the type of crop.

Fig. 2.1 Existing block diagram

Revised Manuscript Received on March 08, 2019.
Mithya V, Assistant professor, Department of Electronics and III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Communication Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering,
Coimbatore-641032 In this system we use Arduino microcontroller, soil
Aishwarya M, Student, Department of Electronics and Communication moisture sensors and motor pump. The motor will get
Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore-641032
Gayathri S, Student, Department of Electronics and Communication
switched ON/OFF depending upon the soil moisture
Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore-641032 condition and the condition of motor can be displayed on
Mahalakshmi L S, Student, Department of Electronics and LCD. The temperature and dangerous CO gas is also
Communication Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, identified using different sensors which are connected to the
Coimbatore-641032
Pavithra S, Student, Department of Electronics and Communication
microcontroller.
Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore-641032

Published By:
Retrieval Number: ES3457018319/19©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
422 & Sciences Publication
 Smart Gardening System

In such case, unwanted situation detected through these • Gas sensor

sensors then a SMS is sent to the owner. An electrical fence • PIR sensor
is also included to keep the strangers away from the field by
Soil moisture sensor
giving a slight shock. Presence of a person is detected
through PIR sensor and then indication with buzzer alert Working
will be given in case of unauthorized person’s appearance. The soil moisture sensor senses the moisture content of
Owner's presence is detected using RFID module which is the soil. It has two conductors which are separated by small
connected to the microcontroller when the RFID card is distance commonly called as electrodes. It has Vcc,ground
taken by owner in this case electrical fence is deactivated and signal pins along with the digital pins which provides
and he is free from shock by fence. the output as high or low. The signal pin gives the analog
value which is proportional to the amount of moisture in the
soil. The two electrodes are inserted into the soil to get the
moisture level of the soil. There will be high resistance
when the flow of electricity is high and the resistance will be
low when the flow of electricity is low. When the resistance
is high the moisture content wil be high and the moisture
content will be low when the resistance is low. It has two
modes as follows:
• Analog mode
• Digital modes

Fig. 3.1 Block diagram

IV. HARDWARE COMPONENTS

A. Arduino

Fig. 4.2 Soil moisture sensor

The output semiconductor diode will illuminate up and
down by the threshold value.

Temperature sensor
The LM35 is a analog temperature sensor used to measure
Fig. 4.1 Arduino UNO the temperature. The LM35 looks like a transistor with three
Arduino is an open source environment that is used to pins. The three pins are Vcc (power pin), Vout (output pin)
manufacture microcontroller kits. It is a circuit board that and gnd (ground). The power supply can be between 2.7V to
has a chip on it which is programmed to do many different 5.5V.It is directly calibrated in centigrade and the output
things. It reads information from the sensors, for instance we accuracy is + 2oC.It doesn’t require any external calibration.
can use arduino to sense the moisture content of the soil There is linear relationship between the input voltage and
using soil moisture sensor. Some of the features are as the output voltage
follows:
• It is with RS-232 serial interface
• It is an Atmel AT mega 8 microcontroller chip
• 14 digital I/O pins at the top, 6 analog input pins and
power connector at the bottom.
• Addressable via an I²C serial bus
B. Sensor Module
A sensor is a device which is used to detect any changes
in the environment and send information to the processor.
The sensors in this project are as follows:
• Soil moisture sensor
• Temperature sensor

Published By:
Retrieval Number: ES3457018319/19©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
423 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-5S March, 2019

When the heat body leaves the slot1 the IR radiation in the
slot2 will be increased therefore the differential change will
be in negative The change in pulses are given as the input to
the PIR sensor and the output is detected. When the heat
body passes the sensor the output of the sensor will be high
and the output will be low viceversa.
C. Buzzer
A buzzer is an audio producing device that may be
mechanical, electromechanical or piezoelectric. The uses of
buzzer include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of
user input such as a mouse click.

Fig. 4.3 LM-35

Gas sensor
A gas detector is a device that is used to detect the
presence of gases in an area. This type of kit is employed to
observe a gas leak or different emissions and might interface
with a bearing system that the method will be mechanically
finish off. It has four pins namely Vcc,gnd,A0 and D0.
The Vcc powers up the sensor and normally 5V is used.
The gnd pin is connected to the ground or 0V.The D0
pin is a digital pin which sets to high when the gas is
detected. The A0 is analog out which sets the output to Fig. 4.5 Buzzer
0V to 5V according to the intensity of the gas. It can
D. Relay
detect the gas concentration anywhere from 200 to 1000
ppm(parts per million). A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use
an electromagnet energy to mechanically operate a switch.
Relays are used to control a circuit by a separate low-power
signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one
signal. At early stage,relays were used as amplifiers in long
distance circiuts, they repeated the signal coming from one
circuit and re-transmitted it to another circuit. They were
used extensively in telephone exchanges and old version
computers to perform logical operations.
E. Rfid
The electromagnetic waves are used to detect and track
the tags attached to the objects in the radio frequency
Fig. 4.4 CO gas sensor
identification. Information are stored in the form of
These sensors employ an alarm to alert people when a electronic using the tags. Passive tags collect energy from a
dangerous gas has been sensed. nearby RFID reader's by using the radio waves.Passive tags
collect energy from a nearby RFID reader's by using the
PIR Sensor
radio waves. Active tags have a power source and operates
The PIR sensor stands for Passive Infra-Red. It is called hundreds of meters away from the RFID reader. The tag
passive because they don’t generate or radiate any energy need not to be in the line of sight, unlike the barcode. RFID
for the detection purpose. They work entirely by detecting is one of the method for Automatic Identification and Data
the energy that is radiated by detecting objects including Capture (AIDC).RFID microchips are implanted in livestock
humans and animals. and pets for positive identification of animals.
Working F. Lcd Display
The basic principle of PIR sensor is that any objects A liquid crystal display(LCD) is a flat panel display and
whose inner temperature is above the absolute zero. It emits it doesn’t emit light signal directly. It uses reflectors to
heat in the form of IR radiation. It has a white cap covered produce color images as well as the black and white images.
which is made up of Fresnel lens and these lens ensures to It is non-emissive type of display. It has two conductors, one
cover wider range. The sensor doesn’t measure the presence in the horizontal position nd the other in the vertical
of IR radiation, it actually measure the changes in the level position.
of IR radiation. Depending on the change in the IR radiation
the output will be generated. There are two slots in the
sensor, when a heat body like human or animal passes by it
first intercepts the one slot of the sensor and therefore the IR
radiation in this slot1 will be high compared to the slot2.

Published By:
Retrieval Number: ES3457018319/19©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
424 & Sciences Publication
 Smart Gardening System

The intersection of these two conductors is called as the give water to plants. The status of motor displayed on
pixel position the images. Liquid crystal display by the microcontroller. The dangerous
CO gas also verified by using gas sensors connected to
V. WORKING PROCEDURE controller. In that case the controller circuit send SMS alert
to the farmer saying dangerous gas formed in the fields. Any
Many advanced techniques has been introduced in
critical situation occurs in the field the smart sensors of this
agriculture automation to flourish and produce its full
project send SMS to the owner. To avoid trespassers on
potential. This system designed by using Arduino
fields an electrical fence also included to keep strangers
microcontroller to overcome limitations of agriculture
away from field by its slight shock. Authorized persons
farming about supplying of water to plants by drip system
presence identified by using RFID cards interfaced to
with the available water tables. In our system we use
controller. A RFID card consists of an element chip hooked
Arduino microcontroller, motor pump, soil moisture sensor,
up to a precise antenna and fixed on a substrate and
LDR. The dielectric permittivity of the surrounding medium
compressed into numerous materials like plastic or glass
is measured using the capacitance of the soil moisture
fibre and attached to the objects with a fixative on the back
sensor. The dielectric permittivity is the purpose of the
side.
water content in the soil. It is proportional to the voltage
Our RFID reader consists of a scanner with antennas to
created by the sensor and also to the water content of the
transmit and receive signals and is responsible for
soil. The sensor averages the water content.
transmitting and receiving information from the tag. This
The Soil Moisture detector is employed to live the loss of
reader circuit attached to Arduino micro controller, when
moisture over time because of evaporation and plant uptake,
RFID card is carried by that person near field electrical
observe optimal amount of soil moisture contents for
fence deactivated hence no shock by fence. To detect the
various species of plants, examine soil moisture content to
motion of any human beings near the field PIR sensor is
limit irrigation in this experiment.
used.There are two slots in the sensor, when a heat body like
The working of the temperature sensor is about the
human or animal passes by it first intercepts the one slot of
environment climatic changes. The sensors works by the
the sensor and therefore the IR radiation in this slot1 will be
voltage read across the diode. There will be a voltage drop
high compared to the slot2. When the heat body leaves the
across the transistor terminals of base and emitter, if the
slot1 the IR radiation in the slot2 will be increased therefore
voltage is high and temperature rises, then it is recorded by
the differential change will be in negative The change in
the sensor. An analog signal is generated by the device when
pulses are given as the input to the PIR sensor and the
there is difference in the voltage is amplified and it is
output is detected. When the heat body passes the sensor the
proportional to the temperature. It is measured by Arduino
output of the sensor will be high and the output will be low
microcontroller in real time. The working principle of an
viceversa.These change in pulses are detected by the
LDR is photo conductivity. The conductivity of the material
arduino control circuit and send SMS through GSM
is reduced when the light is absorbed. When the light falls
module to the owner of the field
on the LDR, the electrons in valence band gets excited to the
conduction band. Hence, when light having superior energy,
VI. SIMULATION RESULT
more electrons are excited to the conduction band which
results in accumulation of large number of charge carriers.
The resistance of the device reduces, when the effect of this
process makes the flow of current more. Light fall of the sun
is recorded by microcontroller to compare the crops in the
field which one needs more sun light.
Gas sensors works on the principle of diffusion of gas in
the sensor, which results in the proportionality of gas
concentration to the electrical signal. Gas coming in contact
with the sensor passes through a small capillary-tube and
diffuses into a hydrophobic barrier to reach the electrode
surface. When this reaction takes place, the required amount
of gas is allowed to react with the sensing electrode to
produce a sufficient electrical signal. The diffused gas in
turn gets reduced at the sensing electrode. The current
flowing between the cathode and anode can be measured to
determine the gas concentration, with the resistor connected
between the electrodes. By measuring gas concentration in Fig. 6.1 Schematic design
the fields to detect any harmful gases generated around the
fields to protect the farmer’s health.
The motor pump operates based on soil moisture content
measurement. If soil have more water content moisture
measurement of soil is high, in that wet condition crop
doesn’t need water so the motor no need to run. If the water
content in the soil is low that is dry condition motor run to

Published By:
Retrieval Number: ES3457018319/19©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
425 & Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-5S March, 2019

VII. CONCLUSION
The back bone of human civilization has been irrigation
since man has started agriculture. As the years passed by
many methods of irrigation to the land has been introduced
by the humans.
Now a days there is scarcity of water everywhere so
thesaving of water plays an important role. The water flow
can be controlled by sensing the moisture content in the soil
and sending messages to the mobile through the GSM.

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9. www.setvannadatha.com

Published By:
Retrieval Number: ES3457018319/19©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
426 & Sciences Publication