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MACHINE ELEMENTS - 2 - Formula - April8 - 2019

1. The document discusses various machine elements including bearings, couplings, clutches, belts, gears, and provides formulas for calculating key parameters. 2. Formulas are given for calculating things like minimum oil film thickness, eccentricity, bearing life factors, coupling moments, clutch engagement forces, belt wrap angles, gear modules, speeds, and stress calculations. 3. Parameters for different bearing, coupling, clutch, belt, and gear types are defined, such as double row ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, flange couplings, conical disc clutches, flat and V-belts, spur and helical gears. Calculation methods are provided for determining the strength of gears based on tooth strength

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Melike Hazan
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32 views5 pages

MACHINE ELEMENTS - 2 - Formula - April8 - 2019

1. The document discusses various machine elements including bearings, couplings, clutches, belts, gears, and provides formulas for calculating key parameters. 2. Formulas are given for calculating things like minimum oil film thickness, eccentricity, bearing life factors, coupling moments, clutch engagement forces, belt wrap angles, gear modules, speeds, and stress calculations. 3. Parameters for different bearing, coupling, clutch, belt, and gear types are defined, such as double row ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, flange couplings, conical disc clutches, flat and V-belts, spur and helical gears. Calculation methods are provided for determining the strength of gears based on tooth strength

Uploaded by

Melike Hazan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MACHINE ELEMENTS-2 (Rev.08.04.

19_1)

FORMULA PAPER a=0,25. l


1- BEARINGS
A-SLIDING BEARINGS Load Description Number:
a)Hydrodynamic Radial Sliding Bearings
where “h0/t= 0,5…1,2” and “ho/t(opt)”= 0,8
and
Difference in elevation:

2- ROLLING BEARINGS
Bearing clearance: c ; Some of the type symbols:

Relative Bearing Clearance: ; (0) Double row Angular Contact Ball Bearing

for Bronze and Babbitt Metal: (1) Spherical Ball Bearing

(2) Spherical Roller Bearing

Peripheral speed: (3) Tapered Roller

(4) Double row Ball Bearing


Eccentricity: e ; Eccentricity ratio:
(5) Thrust Ball Bearing
Min. oil film thickness: ho ;
(6)- Single Row Ball Bearing
Dimensionless min. oil film thickness:
(N, NU) Cylindrical Roller Bearing

Numbering: diç= 20…480mm diameter


Sommerfeld Number: symbol: diç/5

Frictional description ratio: diç> 480 mm symbol: with /

diç=17… symbol: 03, diç=15…symbol: 02;


Power lost: diç=12…symbol: 01; diç=10…symbol:00
Heat Stability: ; diç<10 symbol is same as the diameter.
where and Under Static Loading (n<20rpm):
where Fe 0 = X0. Fr + Y0. Fa ; where
fs(öng)≥1 under normal loading, fs(öng)≥2 under
Where total flow: impact and higher loading; fs(öng)≥0,5 under
un-impact and lower loading.
b) Hydrodynamic Axial Sliding Bearing
Under Dynamic Loading (n ≥ 20rpm):
Average diameter; ; where p=3
where l/b= 0,4…1,3 ; l/b(opt)=1
for ball bearing, p=10/3 for roller bearing.
Average bearing pressure: Fe = X. Fr + Y. Fa

1
Pressure: ; Where Assembly force:
Life factor:

Speed factor:

then With 2% error:

COUPLINGS Friction area:

Coupling moment:

Mk = Ms (Frictional Moment) = k. Md where


Conical Disc Clutches:
k= Operational factor.
Engagement force:
Clamped (compression) coupling, Mk≥ Md
then
Friction moment, Mk = Ms = (/4)..d².L.pi

  23; Sleeve length, L  (34).d Working force: Fs=0 ;

Force to assemble a ring: Fa=.Dob.pa.(tg+)

Flange coupling: Disengagement force:


Da = 4.d, Do = 3.d, Di= 2.d, L = 1,5.d, d: then
shaft diameter

Mk = Ms = Mk = (2/3). . p. (Ra ³ - Ri ³);

Ra: Flange outer radius, Ri : Flange inner Surface Pressure:


radius

where Dm=rd+ri and


Pressure: n: Number of
bolts; Fön: Pre-load force for one bolt.

Control of the bolts for shear stress:


d1: Min. diameter
With an error: can be taken!
of bolt
em= em/ 2; em= ak/s Mk=ML+Miv where acceleration moment:

Circumferantial force: Fç= Md/ (Do/2) Miv= JT.α and acceleration:


CLUTCHES

Basic Disc Clutch:

Clutch Moment=Frictional Moment:

2
Width of the belt:
BELT & PULLEY MECHANISM

a) Flat type Belt&Pulley

b) V-type Belt& Pulley Mechanism


Total length:
Effective total length:

Wrap angle:

; Where: ; Width of the pulley

and
where;

Number of V-belts:

Stresses:

; ;

; Bending stresses

Limit speed: and

Elastic slippage:

Static Control:

Bending Frequency Control:

3
1- SPUR GEARS

Module (m) m= t/ (=d/z)


Number of teeth (z) z= d0/m
Pitch (t) t= .m
Pitch diameter (d0) d0=z.m
Addendum diameter (db) db= d0+2hb = m(z+2)
Dedendum diameter (dt) dta= d0-2ht = m(z-2,5)
Pressure angle ( 0 ) 0 =20°
Base circle diameter (dt) dt=do. Cos 0
Speed (v) v= .d0.n /60 [m/s]
Speed ratio(Gear ratio) (i) i12=1/2 = n1/n2 = d02/d01 = z2/z1
Gear width (b) b= m.m ; m: Width number according to the module
Total speed ratio: itop itop= i12.i34 (for 2 stage)
Distance between shafts (a) a= (d01+d02)/2
Strength Calculations of SPUR Gears

Dynamic Factor: Kdn  (50+v)/50

Ft= Mb1/r01 or Ft=Mb2/(12.r02) ; Fr=Ft.tan(0) ; FN= Ft/ Cos(0)

1- According to the strength of the 2- According to the surface pressure


teeth:

; where
Module:
Module:
[mm]
[mm]
Where:

2- HELICAL GEARS

Transverse Module (ma) ; ma= ta/ =mn/Cos(0)


Normal module (mn)
Pitch diameter (d0) d0=z.ma =z.mn/Cos(0)
Addendum diameter (db) db= d0+2hb = d0+2mn
Dedendum diameter (dt) dta= d0-2ht = d0-2,5mn
Pressure angle ( 0 ) 0 =20°
Base circle diameter (dt) dt=do. Cos 0
Gear width (b) b= m.mn ; m: Width number according to the module
Equivalent number of teeth zn= z/cos3( 0)
(zn)
Distance between shafts (a) a= (d01+d02)/2

4
Strength Calculations of HELICAL Gears

Ft= Mb1/r01 ; Fr=Ft.tan(0)/Cos(0) ; Fa= Ft tan(0)

1- According to the strength of the 2- According to the surface pressure


teeth:

where
Module:
Module:
mn [mm]
[mm]

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