UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

COLLEGE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Program : Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechanical – EM220

Course : Robotics and Automation
Course Code : MEM665
Lecturer : Profesor Madya Dr Hanafiah Bin Yussof
Group : EM220 7D4

LAB REPORT

ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

NO. STUDENT NAME STUDENT ID SIGNATURE

MUHAMMAD AIMAN ASYRAF BIN
1 2019218394
MOHD ZAHIR
MUHAMMAD AZRI HUSAINI BIN
2 2019295076
AZZUADI
3 NUR ADAM BIN AHMAD NAZLI 2019207066
MUHAMMAD AMIR SABRIN BIN
4 2019416468
AZNAN

Lab Session: 10th November 2022 Approved by:

Submission of Report: 1st December 2022 Received by:

 ABSTRACT

The term "electro-hydraulic system" refers to all systems that combine electrical
(electronic) data processing with hydraulic drives. These combinations are classified into three
types: Switching solenoids activate or close hydraulic valves in electro-hydraulic technology.
The benefits of hydraulics are widely established. High power density, simple motion control,
high reliability and sturdiness, the capacity to apply customized solutions, outstanding vibration
resistance and impulsive load absorption, and, ultimately, simple thermal exchange management
All of these factors have enabled hydraulic systems to excel in power actuation in a wide range
of industries, from aeronautics to earth handling, from heavy industrial applications (for
example, steel mills) to civil applications (ex. lifting bridges, dams and so on).

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... i

TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................ii

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... iii

1.0 OBJECTIVE........................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1

3.0 THEORY ................................................................................................................................ 3

4.0 EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS ........................................................................................ 5

5.0 PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................................ 7

6.0 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................... 7

7.0 DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................... 8

8.0 CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................... 9

9.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 10

10.0 APPENDIX ......................................................................................................................... 11

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Application of Hydraulic System ................................................................................. 2

Figure 2: Basic Hydraulic System Diagram ................................................................................ 3
Figure 3: Electro-Hydraulic System ............................................................................................ 5
Figure 4: 4/3 Way Valve ............................................................................................................. 5
Figure 5: Double Acting Cylinder ............................................................................................... 5
Figure 6: Electrical circuit board ................................................................................................. 6
Figure 7: Oil Tank ....................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 8: Switch On/Off .............................................................................................................. 6
Figure 9: 3-Way Reduction Pressure Valve ................................................................................ 6
Figure 10: Hydraulic Circuit........................................................................................................ 7

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1.0 OBJECTIVE

1. To assemble, test and trouble shoots (if necessary) and describe the operation of
hydraulic cylinder in tension, retraction and stopped positions.

2. To familiarize the student with the applications of a 4/3-way valve.

3. To show how to use a piloted non-return valve.

2.0 INTRODUCTION

The study of transmitting force and motion across a restricted liquid medium is known
as hydraulics. An electro-hydraulic system integrates electrical and hydraulic systems.
Manufacturing systems, materials testing equipment, suspension systems, mining tools, fatigue
analysis, flight simulation, paper machines, ships, electromagnetic marine engineering, injection
moulding machineries, robotic systems, and steel and aluminium mill machinery are all
applications for electro-hydraulic systems. Hydraulic drive systems are made up of hydraulic
pumps, motors, and cylinders. In a hydraulic transmission, one or more hydraulic pumps are
coupled inside the hydraulic motors.

Heavy machinery typically uses hydraulics due to the amazing force of liquid fuel in
hydraulics. Pressure applied to a restricted fluid at any point in a hydraulic system is unaffected
by the transfer. That pressurised fluid exerts force or power on every component of a confined
vessel section. The use of this force, depending on how it is applied, allows the operators to lift
large items while performing precise repetitive procedures with ease. Pascal's law governs
hydraulic systems. The pressure in a static hydraulic fluid in a closed system is the same
everywhere, according to Blaise Pascal's law. However, when the flow velocity is constant,
Pascal's Law may be used as follows.

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Figure 1: Application of Hydraulic System

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3.0 THEORY

HYDRAULIC CYLINDER

The hydraulic cylinder converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. It generates
linear movements. For this reason, it is also referred to as a "linear motor".

There are two basic types of hydraulic cylinder:

• single-acting
• double-acting cylinder

A hydraulic circuit is a device that moves liquid via a network of linked discrete
components, such as hydraulic amplifiers, to control fluid pressure and where it flows, such as
in thermodynamic systems. Similar to how an electric circuit functions, a hydraulic circuit's
system is made up of linear and discrete components. Hydraulic circuits that are powered by
flow systems are often employed in chemical processing. Additionally, a hydraulic motor often
has the working pressure on both sides built into the motor.

Mechanical energy is converted into hydraulic energy by the flow and pressure of a
hydraulic pump. By creating a vacuum at the pump's inlet and driving liquid from a reservoir
into an intake line and then toward the pump, hydraulic pumps function. By transferring the
liquid to the pump output, mechanical action sends it into the hydraulic system.

Figure 2: Basic Hydraulic System Diagram

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 A mechanical actuator called a hydraulic motor transforms hydraulic flow and pressure
into torque (or a twisting force) and ultimately rotation. These may be utilised in a range of
applications, such as hydraulic drive systems, which may also comprise hydraulic motors,
cylinders, and pumps. When hydraulic motors and hydraulic pumps are connected, hydraulic
gearboxes may be produced. While some hydraulic motors are driven by water, most industrial
operations on a daily basis use hydraulic fluid.

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4.0 EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS

The experiment was carried out at the College of Mechanical Engineering Hydraulic Lab
(Level 4).

Figure 3: Electro-Hydraulic System

Apparatus :

Figure 4: 4/3 Way Valve Figure 5: Double Acting Cylinder

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Figure 6: Electrical circuit board
Figure 7: Oil
Tank

Figure 8: Switch Figure 9: 3-Way Reduction

On/Off Pressure Valve

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5.0 PROCEDURE

1. Switched ON the hydraulic system.

2. Moved the piston by pushed the button.
3. The oil filled the oil tank after the piston moved. We opened the oil tank to release the
oil from the oil tank.
4. How the principle of electro-hydraulic system working was observed and learned.
5. The hydraulic circuit of the system was drawn.

6.0 RESULTS

Figure 10: Hydraulic Circuit

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7.0 DISCUSSION
Based on the experiment, it was seen that the electro-hydraulic system got its motion
from the liquid in the tank moving through the tubes. This was studied to understand how it
works and what each part does. The important hydraulic components of the process were the
hydraulic piston, which allows the pumped liquid to be turned into mechanical energy as the
piston moves up and down. Then the directional control valve controls the direction of the liquid
based on the command on the top buttons to either move the piston up or down and the spring-
loaded check valve, which ensures that only one direction of liquid can flow.
Heavy lifting is one of the industries in which this type of electro-hydraulic technology
has thus far been implemented. For example, backhoes consisting of a digging bucket attached
to the end of a two-part articulated arm are used for construction activities. This machinery
employs a hydraulic system to maximize efficiency and effectiveness during processes
involving such loads. Manufacturing systems, material test equipment, active suspension
systems, mining machinery, flight simulation devices, and civil applications all use the system.
Hydraulic systems are distinguished from pneumatic systems by liquid incompressibility,
enabling them to transfer energy effectively. This allows them to execute tasks more efficiently,
and their precise control makes them suitable for accuracy and heavy use. For security purposes,
the next trend in the automobile industry is the installation of mechanisms in car shock absorbers
that may be disabled. At the same time, a vehicle is being lowered to the ground, rendering it
immobile.
There is a plan for a more effective and efficient strategy that would change the current
system in ways that would make the process go more smoothly and be more beneficial. These
improvements are made possible by a lever controlled electronically with a lot of sensitivity.
This lever can move the piston up and down and can be stopped at any point within the piston's
limits. This makes the piston move with more accuracy and precision. Also, using a sensor and
a pump for the reservoir to move the piston would make the process easier and eliminate the
need to turn the lever by hand to fill the reservoir.
Also, using a pressure sealant ensures no leaks, which would affect performance and
make the environment dirty. This makes it easier for the hydraulic liquid to move through the
system. Using a high-quality motor that makes little noise could help eliminate a noisy system
and improve the operators' work environment.

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8.0 CONCLUSION

The technology applied in the electro-hydraulic system is a useful breakthrough in the

modern era. Due to its practical application, the electro-hydraulic application offers numerous
advantages. Through the process and performance of the experiment, a successful outcome was
achieved, and all of the experiment's components and their purposes were well understood.
Maintaining the constant development applied to this technology is necessary to ensure its
ability to offer energy and efficiency in system performance.

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9.0 REFERENCES

Basic level - kianhydraulic.com. (n.d.). Retrieved November 30, 2022, from

https://www.kianhydraulic.com/uploads/c32212ec-f28b-4aac-8436-002d7e46132c.pdf

Bonanomi, A. (2018, September 21). Electro-hydraulic systems, potentialities and limits.

Retrieved December 1, 2022, from https://www.powertransmissionworld.com/7810-2/

Electro-Hydraulic Systems. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2022, from

https://www.hawe.com/fluid-lexicon/electro-hydraulic-systems/

Hydraforce Introduction to electro-hydraulic control technology! (n.d.). Retrieved December

1, 2022, from https://www.hydraforce.com/resources/technical-reference/introduction-to-
electro-hydraulic-control-technology/

Xu, B., Shen, J., Liu, S., Su, Q., & Zhang, J. (2020, April 01). Research and development of
electro-hydraulic control valves oriented to industry 4.0: A review - chinese journal of
mechanical engineering. Retrieved December 1, 2022, from
https://cjme.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s10033-020-00446-2

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10.0 APPENDIX

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