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Universal Coupling

This document summarizes an experiment that tested the uniformity of angular movement between the driving and driven ends of a shaft both with and without a universal coupling. The experiment found that adding a universal coupling reduced the lag between the driver and driven wheels, especially when the angle of misalignment was increased. Typical applications of universal joints include aircraft, appliances, and machinery where shafts need to transmit rotation at an angle.

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Malik Taimoor
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133 views3 pages

Universal Coupling

This document summarizes an experiment that tested the uniformity of angular movement between the driving and driven ends of a shaft both with and without a universal coupling. The experiment found that adding a universal coupling reduced the lag between the driver and driven wheels, especially when the angle of misalignment was increased. Typical applications of universal joints include aircraft, appliances, and machinery where shafts need to transmit rotation at an angle.

Uploaded by

Malik Taimoor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSAL/HOOKE’S COUPLING

INTRODUCTION
To connect two shafts and transfer circular motion, a flexible coupling or universal joint is commonly
employed. A universal joint is basically a group of machine parts that allow rotation to be transmitted
from one axis to the other. The goal of this experiment is to explore the effect of adding universal
coupling to a basic drive shaft, as well as to test the uniformity of angular movement between the
driving and driven ends of a shaft in a straight-line assembly and then again with an angular
transmission.

THEORY
Shafts are utilized to convey rotational motion, and, in most situations, these shafts revolve in straight-
line bearings. However, in some circumstances, the shaft cannot be straight and must be operated at an
angle. A common example is the shaft, which transmits power from a motor car engine to the rear axle
via the gearbox to drive the rear wheels. The shaft is normally at an angle in this case, and the process is
complicated further by the fact that the angle fluctuates when the motor car goes over bumps on a
rough road. The usage of universal coupling can satisfy this criterion.

APPARATUS
RESULTS
At Ɵ = 40˚ (𝛼1 = 40˚, 𝛼2 = 0˚ )
Angle of Angle of Angle of Angle of Angle of Angle of
Driver Wheel Driven Wheel Driver Wheel Driven Wheel Driver Wheel Driven Wheel
10 ˚ 9˚ 130 ˚ 133 ˚ 250 ˚ 251 ˚
20 ˚ 20 ˚ 140 ˚ 143 ˚ 260 ˚ 261 ˚
30 ˚ 30 ˚ 150 ˚ 151 ˚ 270 ˚ 272 ˚
40 ˚ 40 ˚ 160 ˚ 160 ˚ 280 ˚ 282 ˚
50 ˚ 50 ˚ 170 ˚ 170 ˚ 290 ˚ 292 ˚
60 ˚ 60 ˚ 180 ˚ 181 ˚ 300 ˚ 303 ˚
70 ˚ 71 ˚ 190 ˚ 191 ˚ 310 ˚ 312 ˚
80 ˚ 82 ˚ 200 ˚ 200 ˚ 320 ˚ 321 ˚
90 ˚ 92 ˚ 210 ˚ 210 ˚ 330 ˚ 329 ˚
100 ˚ 103 ˚ 220 ˚ 221 ˚ 340 ˚ 339 ˚
110 ˚ 114 ˚ 230 ˚ 230 ˚ 350 ˚ 348 ˚
120 ˚ 124 ˚ 240 ˚ 240 ˚ 360 ˚ 358 ˚
At Ɵ = 85˚ (𝛼1 = 40˚, 𝛼2 = 40˚ )
Angle of Angle of Angle of Angle of Angle of Angle of
Driver Wheel Driven Wheel Driver Wheel Driven Wheel Driver Wheel Driven Wheel
10˚ 7˚ 130 ˚ 131 ˚ 250 ˚ 248 ˚
20 ˚ 18 ˚ 140 ˚ 141 ˚ 260 ˚ 258 ˚
30 ˚ 29 ˚ 150 ˚ 149 ˚ 270 ˚ 269 ˚
40 ˚ 39 ˚ 160 ˚ 156 ˚ 280 ˚ 279 ˚
50 ˚ 49 ˚ 170 ˚ 163 ˚ 290 ˚ 289 ˚
60 ˚ 58 ˚ 180 ˚ 175 ˚ 300 ˚ 298 ˚
70 ˚ 68 ˚ 190 ˚ 187 ˚ 310 ˚ 311 ˚
80 ˚ 78 ˚ 200 ˚ 199 ˚ 320 ˚ 320 ˚
90 ˚ 89 ˚ 210 ˚ 209 ˚ 330 ˚ 328 ˚
100 ˚ 100 ˚ 220 ˚ 219 ˚ 340 ˚ 335 ˚
110 ˚ 109 ˚ 230 ˚ 229 ˚ 350 ˚ 342 ˚
120 ˚ 119 ˚ 240 ˚ 238 ˚ 360 ˚ 356 ˚
GRAPHS

Angle of Driver vs Driven Wheel


400

350 360, 358

300
Angle of Driven Wheel (φ)

250

200

150

100
α_1=40˚, α_2 = 0˚

50
α_1=40˚, α_2 = 40˚
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Angle of Driver Wheel (Ɵ)

OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSION


It can be observed that when the angle of misalignment is increased the lag between the driven
wheel and driver wheel increases. When the angle α1 and α2 are not equal, the mismatch
between the input and output wheel readings is significant as compared to the case when α1
and α2 are equal and each having a magnitude of 40 degrees. The mismatch in readings may
also result from the fact that the apparatus may have a zero error or due to a parallax error
which arises due to human error while observing readings.

APPLICATIONS
Typical applications of universal joints include aircraft, appliances, control mechanisms,
electronics, Instrumentation, medical and optical devices, ordnance, radio, sewing machines,
textile machinery and tool drives. Universal joints are available in steel or in thermoplastic body
members. Universal joints made of steel have maximum load-carrying capacity for a given size.
Universal joints with thermoplastic body members are used in light industrial applications in
which their self-lubricating feature, light weight, negligible backlash, corrosion resistance and
capability for high-speed operation are significant advantages. Universal joints of special
construction, such as ball-jointed universals are also available.

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