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The document discusses different types of building distribution equipment used to deliver electrical power within a building. It describes: 1) Service entrance conductors that carry power from transformers to a building's main disconnect switch. 2) Switchboards and panelboards that divide large currents into smaller circuits protected by fuses or circuit breakers for equipment loads. 3) Single and three-phase transformers that change voltage levels for building loads from the incoming service voltage.

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56 views6 pages

FFFFFFF

The document discusses different types of building distribution equipment used to deliver electrical power within a building. It describes: 1) Service entrance conductors that carry power from transformers to a building's main disconnect switch. 2) Switchboards and panelboards that divide large currents into smaller circuits protected by fuses or circuit breakers for equipment loads. 3) Single and three-phase transformers that change voltage levels for building loads from the incoming service voltage.

Uploaded by

virgilio ayad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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F.

identify, describe and distinguish between types of building distribution equipments

What is building distributions?

-Talks about the power distributions on building. The primary function of the electric power
distribution system in a building or facility is to receive power at one or more supply points and to
deliver it to lighting, elevators, chillers, motors and all other electrical loads.

Equipment used:

1. Service entrance conductors


Underground or overhead service entrance conductors carry power from the transformer through
a metering device to the building’s service disconnects. Overhead wires extend from a pole-
mounted distribution transformer to the building’s service entrance and are generically referred to
as the service drop. Underground (buried) service entrance conductors are typically called the
service lateral. Overhead service entrance conductors extending from pole-mounted transformers
are shown in Photo 18.1. Service entrance conductors must be insulated except the neutral, which
may be bare in overhead installations. Single phase service drops will have either 2 or 3 wires
while three phase service drops will have either 3 or 4 wires. Typically, service entrance
conductors are provided by the utility. Each utility has standards on wire size and minimum
clearances.

2. Switchboards
- A switchboard is a large cabinet or assembly of metal cabinets in which is connected
disconnecting switches, overcorrect protection devices (fuses or circuit breakers), other
protective devices,
- A typical service entrance/panelboard configuration in a simple residential building electrical
system consists of several circuits extending from the panelboard to outlets throughout a
building, much like branches extend from a tree’s trunk. The main disconnect (contained
behind the door of the panelboard) is not shown. and instruments designed to divide large
amounts of electrical current into smaller amounts of current used by electrical equipment

3. Panelboards
- A panelboard is one or more metal cabinets that serve as a single unit, including buses,
automatic overcurrent protection devices (fuses or circuit breakers). It is equipped with or
without switches for the control of light, heat, and power circuits.
4. Building transformers
Transformers are used in transmitting and distributing power from the power plant to a
substation. Transformers change voltage levels to supply electrical loads with the voltages they
require. They supply the required incoming electrical service to the buildings.

Single-Phase Transformers

A single-phase transformer has a single primary winding and a single secondary winding. The
7200/240/120 V AC, single-phase, three-wire transformer is used in most residential and small
commercial applications where 120 V and 240 V are required. In this transformer, 7200 V, two-wire
power is transformed and stepped down to a 120/240 V AC, three-wire system

Three-Phase Transformers

-Three-phase transformers are passive machines that pass electrical energy between circuits. In the
secondary circuit, a magnetic flux induces an electromotive force (emf), thus stepping up (increase)
or stepping down (decrease) voltages without altering the frequency.

- Three-phase transformers are used for power generation and electrical distribution network applications.
They can be found in high power industrial loads such as rectifiers, motor drives, and other equipment.

https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2022/04/difference-between-single-phase-three-phase-
transformer.html

OVERCURRENT PROTECTION: FUSES AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS


- An overcurrent protection (OCP) device safeguards the building service or an individual
circuit from excessive current flows. It protects the circuit components from severe
overheating when current flowing through the circuit reaches an amperage that will cause an
excessive or dangerous temperature rise in conductors. Fuses and circuit breakers serve as
automatic overcurrent protection devices.

Circuit breakers

- A circuit breaker is an overcurrent protection device that serves two purposes: It acts as a
switch that can be opened and closed manually, and most importantly, it automatically
“trips off,” which opens the circuit when current flowing through it exceeds the circuit
rating. This action instantaneously interrupts current flow

Circuit breakers protect the ungrounded (hot) conductors in a circuit. They are identified as single pole
(SP) if protecting a single ungrounded conductor; two poles (2P) when protecting two ungrounded
conductors such as on a 240 V circuit; and three poles (3P) when protecting three ungrounded
conductors on a three-phase circuit.
A fuse is an overcurrent protection device that consists of a strip of metal with a low melting
temperature. Under normal operation, electricity flows through the metal strip. However, when
its current rating is exceeded, the metal strip heats up and melt and the circuit is opened,
thereby interrupting current flow. In this case, it is said that the fuse has “blown.”

PLUG

Time delay
- Edison plug fuses are interchangeable regardless of rating, allowing a 30 A fuse to
improperly protect a 20 A circuit (low voltage)

- Cartridge fuses are used to protect electrical appliances such as motors air-conditions,
refrigerator, pumps etc, where high voltage rating and currents are required.( high voltage)

- Time delay fuses can handle an overload for fraction of a second without blowing. They are
desirable on circuits serving electric motors such as air conditioners and machinery because
motors draw much more current at startup than during normal operation. (does not blow
easily)

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