MODULAR DESIGN: AN ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION TO FAST-PACED

CONSTRUCTION IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

___________________________________________________________

An Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to the Department of Architecture

Of Cebu Institute of Technology - University

___________________________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE

BY

ABANTO, DENISE JANE C.

ROSILLON, JIM CARLO Y.

 Approval Sheet

This thesis entitled, “MODULAR DESIGN: An Alternative Solution to

Fast-Paced Construction In Disaster Preparedness.”, prepared and submitted
by Denise Jane C. Abanto, Jim Carlo Y. Rosillon, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE is
hereby recommended for approval.

Ar. Jonathan C. Montebon, UAP

Adviser

Date: _____________

Ar. Mika T. Mendoza Ar. Francisco P. Epe

Member Member

Date: _____________ Date: _5.29.21_______

This thesis is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE.

Ar. John Jeffer C. Manalo Ar. June S. Bayaton

Thesis Instructor Chair, Department of Architecture

Date: _____________ Date: _____________

Engr. Evangeline C. Evangelista, DM

Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture

Date: _____________
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Foremost, we humbly give gratitude to our adviser, Ar. Jonathan

Montebon, for granting us the opportunity to be mentored and to be guided by
him. We sincerely thank our adviser for assisting us in our growth and progress.
For the ceaseless and unending support, motivation, patience, and the
unstinting share of his knowledge, this will be an invaluable experience for us.
We chose this moment to recognize his contribution gratefully.

We would like to extend our special thanks to our professors in the

Architecture Department who had taught us everything we needed to know in
this field of expertise. We take in the lessons they taught us as a fundamental
structure in our individual career development. The knowledge, skills, and
values being presented and practiced has truly helped us improve. We will
make every effort to use these insights and turn it into something beneficial as
we course through our career.

We thank our batch mates for giving us hope and joy when times got
rough. They were there during our sleepless nights and down days. In addition
to that, they kept us optimistic throughout our college life despite all the
challenges and hardships that each one had to face. We would also like to
express our appreciation to our close friends who kept us motivated, and who
gave us enough emotional support to conquer difficult moments, it was a
massive help for us as we finish our remaining phases in college. These friends
have shown camaraderie and for that, we highly thank you.

We offer this endeavor to our families who never got tired of providing
for educational needs, supporting us in different aspects, and listening to our
day-to-day dramas whether it may be school-related or not. We thank you for
being consistent from day one and for being there by our side until this present
day.

Lastly, we thank our almighty God, for helping us reach this stage in life.
Everything wouldn’t be possible if it wasn’t for His compassion, love, and grace.

1
 ABSTRACT

The Philippines has a high vulnerability to natural disasters because of its

geographic location in Southeast Asia. It is prone to earthquakes, typhoons,

and landslides. With the traditional method of constructing buildings widely

used in the country, executing this type of construction is disadvantageous

during catastrophic events as it requires a longer completion time. Hence, the

approach of Modular Construction is being introduced.

Modular design as an alternative architectural solution to fast-paced

construction. Highlighting the advantages and versatility in design of this

concept as well as the technologies applied in the study.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1

ABSTRACT 2

CHAPTER 1 6

Introduction 6

Background of the Study 6

Problem Statement 7

Architectural Goal 8

Purpose/ Significance of the Study 9

Scope and Delimitation 10

Assumptions 11

Definition of Terms 12

CHAPTER 2 14

Review of Related Studies and Literature 14

Planning Considerations 14

Prefabricated Building Systems 17

Classification of Modular Design 18

Legalities 20

Proposed and Existing Temporary Modular Emergency Facilities 21

CHAPTER 3 23

Research Methodology 23

Research Method 23

Research Instrument 24

Research Environment 24

Methodology Flow Chart 26

CHAPTER 4 27

Theoretical Background 27

Planning Considerations 27

Proper Lighting Design 28

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 Passive Cooling 29

Plumbing System 31

Aesthetics 32

Volumetric Construction 33

Container System 34

Eclecticism 35

CHAPTER 5 37

Desired Behaviour 37

Site 37

Conceptual Framework 39

Object Criteria 40

Laws and Ordinances 40

CHAPTER 6 42

User-Client Profile 42

Clients 42

Users 44

CHAPTER 7 45

Presentation and Analysis of Data 45

Presentation of Survey Results 45

Existing Literature About Modular Construction in the Philippines 50

CHAPTER 8 54

Architectural Programming 54

Programming Matrix 54

Spatial Requirements 55

Staffing Requirements 57

Adjacency and Criteria Matrix 57

Schematic Diagramming 59

CHAPTER 9 61

Design Solutions 61

Design Morphology 61

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 Concepts 62

Structural System Used 64

Building Envelope 65

Utilities 68

Materials Used 69

Axonometric Projection 72

Architectural Drawings 73

Floor Plans 73

Elevations 79

Perspectives 81

CHAPTER 10 85

Conclusion and Recommendations 85

Conclusion 85

Recommendations 85

BIBLIOGRAPHY 86

APPENDIX 90

A TRANSMITTAL LETTER 91

B CURRICULUM VITAE 92

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Traditional construction has been around for centuries, using

conventional construction techniques as the primary method of building

emergency facilities. With this said, to help minimize the construction time is to

welcome new methods and building technologies in the industry. Such as

Modular Designs, to rapidly respond in emergencies.

According to CFE-DMHA the author of, “Philippines: Disaster

Management Reference Handbook”, where the country was hit with the

'Yolanda Typhoon,' where it affected over 26 million people and claimed 8,000

lives of Filipinos. It resulted in almost 70 percent of Filipino households being

forced to evacuate, and it showed that the Philippine government was not

prepared for such disastrous events. Since the Philippines have a high risk of

vulnerability in natural disasters, the government should have plans set on how

to respond in communities where these natural disasters have struck to

accommodate the residents. Adding to the issue is the environment in urban

and rural areas where these residents are currently evacuated, are using public

gymnasiums as their evacuation site, or an area where the healthcare

professionals would provide their services.

During disastrous events, it has shown that the use of traditional

construction takes up more time in building facilities than using modular

6
construction and shows the importance of modular designs as an alternative to

construction. This design approach removes complex systems and turns them

into simple modular sections providing temporary facilities, to provide medical

assistance and shelters to help victims who were affected by the calamity.

While the idea of modularity is a good recommendation, there are still factors

that need to consider when designing and constructing modular components.

1.2 Problem Statement

The Philippines is prone to natural disasters like typhoons, earthquakes,

landslides, and numerous more because of its geographic location in Southeast

Asia. To provide prompt relief to the community, below are the following issues

that the researchers aim to address:

1. Traditional construction is inefficient, thus modular construction is being

introduced.

2. The factors integrated into the study such as:

● Building Technology

● Building Materials

3. What eco-friendly materials that can be incorporated into the design.

1.3 Architectural Goal

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 This study aims to offer an immediate response in providing

nonpermanent low-rise facilities that will accommodate victims that are

suffering from a disaster.

1.3.1 Objective 01

To apply architectural theories and principles to ensure that those standards

are met and complied. (space planning, furniture placement, ergonomics)

● Strategy 1: Search for theories and other architectural innovations that

will help envision the concept.

● Strategy 2: Properly organize the spaces according to each function and

use for the users to locate rooms and offices easily.

1.3.2 Objective 02

To achieve a fast way of assembling/disassembling modules.

● Strategy 1: Research thoroughly about the process, building methods,

and technologies about modular construction to have a better grasp of

the study.

● Strategy 2: Based on the gathered data, study the fabrication

procedures depending on the materials used to select the appropriate

technique in attaching the components of the modules.

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1.3.4 Objective 03

To promote the use of eco-friendly materials. Since modular design demands

fewer raw materials and less waste during construction.

● Strategy 1: The use of recyclable materials to reduce the cost and

disposal of reusable goods.

● Strategy 2: Using natural resources that are locally found to sustain

environmental friendliness.

1.4 Purpose/ Significance of the Study

Natural disasters can happen anytime, these kinds of events are

unplanned and inevitable. Mitigating and planning for such events should be

prepared to oversee and lead to an immediate recovery process.

This type of architecture method fosters the use of modular designs to

compromise the lack of facilities that are economical during a tragedy. The

following are the benefactors of this research are as follows:

● Proponents: It broadens the knowledge of the researchers regarding

building methods and technologies. This newly acquired information can

also be applied in future projects.

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 ● Local Residents: The facility serves as a temporary shelter for the victims

of disastrous events. It accommodates people who require health

assistance, as well.

● Healthcare Professionals: Health practitioners can provide services to

those who suffer from minor injuries and help in coping with traumatic

events that will help in improving personal skills.

● Future Researchers: This research will act as a guide if a similar study

will be proposed. It can also be used as a reference to obtain data to

come up with improved ideas.

1.5 Scope and Delimitation

The use of conventional construction method is inefficient throughout a

catastrophe. The researchers have proposed a different approach to address

the situation immediately.

This study focuses on the application of modular designs in providing

temporary emergency facilities. To incorporate features that highlight versatility

to planning layouts depending on the services needed.

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1.6 Assumptions

This proposal is presumed to be funded by the Office of Civil Defense

but will be run by the NDRRMC. The NDRRMC is responsible for the legal

policies and requirements that are needed for disaster preparedness and

disaster response.

The need of institutionalizing these DRRM policies, structures,

management, and coordination to the LGUs. Institutionalize measurements to

mitigate disaster risks.

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1.7 Definition of Terms

Building Technology - technical processes and methods of assembling

buildings

Building Methods - procedures and strategies that are used during the

construction process

CFE-DMHA - Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian

Assistance (a United States organization that provides training, education, and

research in operations which require international disaster management and

humanitarian assistance)

Conventional Construction - ordinary or standard construction.

DRRM - Disaster Risk Reduction Management

Eco-friendly - not harmful to the environment

Environs - the surrounding area of the lot

Ergonomics - a process of designing products or spaces for comfort

Fabrication - a process of creating raw materials or semi-finished

Feasible - suitable

Foster - encourage

Geographic location - position on the earth

Institutionalize - to incorporate something into a system

LGUs - Local Government Units (administer rescue operations, provide

assistance, and manage evacuation centers of disaster occurrence)

Mitigate - making an unfortunate event or effect less severe.

Modular Construction - a process in which a building is constructed off-site

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Modular Design - is a design principle that creates things out of independent

parts that can be modified

Modules - individual sections

NDRRMC - Natural Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (a

coordinating council that ensures the welfare and protection of the people

during calamities or emergencies)

Prompt - done without delay

Proponents - an individual or group proposing a particular project

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE

13
 This chapter covers the related studies and literature of the topic to

provide the readers with a better understanding of the proposal. The following

sources of literature are categorized based on their functions and usage in the

study.

2.1 Planning Considerations

Planning is one of the most important parts when designing. In order to

get a proper idea, knowing the function of each room is very necessary to

identify its purpose to its adjacent spaces. There are regulations needed to be

considered when planning these spaces, such as:

2.1.1 Lighting

Providing proper lighting is one of the essential features of designing.

Lighting improves the overall ambiance and functionality of the room,

depending if it is a professional or personal space.

Eaton Hadley, author of ‘Creating Serene Spaces Through Lighting

Design’ (2018). Says, “Industry researchers suggest that indoor lights (during

the day) should mimic the color of light we experience outside by seeking

gradations over time.” It is vitally important to know how much intensity of light

will be used at a precise time of the day to mimic the natural light outside and

to balance the mood and ambiance of the spaces inside.

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2.1.2 Ventilation

Etheridge & Sandberg, author of ‘Ventilation and Air Distribution

Systems in Buildings’ (1996). states that “The general purpose of ventilation in

buildings is to provide healthy air for breathing by both diluting the pollutants

originating in the building and removing the pollutants from it.” Proper ventilation

within a structure guarantees good air quality, to prevent the carbon dioxide or

other toxins from building up. This helps remove condensation and humidity

inside by bringing outdoor air into the facility.

Mechanical ventilation can be added to provide air if windows aren’t

necessary for the space if privacy is a concern. The article of Will Housh ‘Why

Ventilation is Important’ (2017). states that facilities can improve their ventilation

by ensuring HVAC’s systems’ supply and air vents are open and are not

blocked by objects. This is a preventive measure to ensure that the systems

will not cause poor air quality and give a stale smell across the facility or within

the rooms.

2.1.3 Plumbing Systems

Plumbing plays a big role in every building, the importance of integrating

plumbing systems is to supply water in the building and clean out human waste.

Plumbing system has two purposes, it carries clean water in the facility that’s

15
being handed-down for cleaning, sanitation, or other human purposes. Another

is to take these waste out of the facility and into the sewage.

According to Dunn Rite, author of ‘Importance of Plumbing Service’

(2015). States that, “Doing timely inspections can prevent small issues from

arising into bigger problems and resulting in expensive repairs.” This being said,

if these plumbing systems are built and planned correctly it can be manageable

and easy to work on. Thus, it is important to call professional plumbers to avoid

further damage on the system.

2.1.4 Building Aesthetic

Building aesthetics is the amalgamation of art, technology, science, and

an expression of design. It induces a positive mood or a feeling that can be

therapeutic for a person.

In an article by Ahmad Zohby, ‘Therapeutic Architecture: Role of

Architecture in Healing process’ (2019) Ahmad states “The importance of

fenestrations, proper lighting and understanding the psychology of colors have

proven positive effects on patients recovering faster.” Architectural Therapy is

a method of helping medical or health-related procedures that enhances the

outcome and quality of life. It aims at how architectural design influences the

energy, emotion, and mental state of a patient that is in the process of healing

and medication.

2.2 Prefabricated Building Systems

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2.2.1 Panelized Construction

According to the article 'The Differences Between Prefab and Modular

Construction' (2019), panelized is a construction method that breaks down the

structural components into flat panels delivered to the site then incorporated

into the structure. The completion of the project requires the installation of

fixtures and finishes on-site, which is similar to traditional construction.

This type of building system for (Koones 2019) is known worldwide

because it is an easier approach compared to other prefabrication techniques.

The transportation of materials is not difficult as it demands few bed trucks in

delivering the parts to the location.

2.2.2 Volumetric Construction

Volumetric modules are six-sided units in contrast to panelized

construction, which fabricates two-dimensional components. The manufactures

installed the necessary electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems before

shipping to the site. Additional features may be added depending on the needs

of the users. (Deluxe Modular, 2019)

In the article 'The Stages of Volumetric Modular Construction' (2016),

Rusty Williams stated that assembling the modules in a factory prevents

17
damaging the materials from harsh weather conditions. It also highlights the

concurrent construction wherein while units are in the process of

manufacturing, construction on-site is occurring. This method shortens the

construction time compared to conventional construction reducing the

supervision and financing costs.

2.3 Classification of Modular Design

Below is the classification of modular houses and their methods used

according to Tomas Ganiron and Mohammed Almarwae (author of

“Prefabricated Technology in a Modular House”).

1. Wooden Frames

The use of wooden frames in the construction gives less weight

making it easy to transport. This method is cheaper than any other

method but still helps in increasing the overall stability of the structure.

However, this method requires a step by step rule before proceeding to

the next phase. The prefabricated wood such as timbers and structural

wood panels are used to form a pre-assembled section for the walls,

floor joists, and roofing system.

2. Steel Frame

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 Modular Structures can also be made with steel frames, this

method increases the structural stability of the building and can

withstand earthquakes. It is also tougher and heavier than the wooden

frames however it is easier to install. This type is more variable with

shapes and design, allowing to add glass windows or any heavy fittings

because the strength of the frame can support the weight.

3. Concrete Foundation

The use of concrete foundations depends if the location of the site

is rough, windy, or uneven. This method still needs a strong foundation

to hold the structure and can be used as a floor that is, later on, to be

connected in the slab.

4. Container System

Unused and thrown away container vans can be reused as a

space that can be used to cater to public use or private. This type of

method is very limited in shape and design, however, in order for these

vans to accommodate people, it has to be liveable. Therefore, cutting

out fenestrations along the walls and adding fixtures to suffice the needs

of the users.

2.4 Legalities

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2.4.1 Fire Protection

In accordance with the National Building Code of the Philippines, Section

504 states that “Temporary buildings such as reviewing stands and other

miscellaneous structures conforming to the requirements of this Code, and

sheds, canopies, and fences used for the protection of the public around and in

conjunction with construction work, may be erected in the fire zones by special

permit from the Building Official for a limited period of time, and such buildings

or structures shall be completely removed upon the expiration of the time limit

stated in such permits.”

No. 3. Paragraph E. Section 10.2.6.7 of Fire Code of the Philippines

require:

“Fire extinguishers shall be conspicuously located where they will be

readily accessible and immediately available in the event of fire. Preferably they

shall be located along normal paths of travel, including exits from areas.”

2.4.2 Sanitation

According to Sanitation, General Requirements under the Sec.901 of

IRR- National Building Code of The Philippines (NBCP). Stating “Subject to the

provisions of Book II of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Property,

Ownership, and its Modification, all buildings hereafter erected, altered,

remodeled, relocated, or repaired for human habitation shall be provided with

20
adequate and potable water supply, plumbing installation, and suitable

wastewater treatment or disposal system, storm water, drainage, pest and

vermin control, noise abatement device, and such other measures required for

the protection and promotion of health of persons occupying the premises and

others living nearby”. Therefore the provision of P.D. No. 856 (Code on

Sanitation of the Philippines of 1975) Sec.01-106, shall be met and is deemed

necessary.

2.5 Proposed and Existing Temporary Modular Emergency Facilities in

the Philippines

2.5.1 Proposed Modular Hospital, Quezon City

The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Task Force

cooperated with the Department of Health (DOH) and came up with a proposal

of five modular hospitals with a total number of 110 beds to be built within five

months. Each module will accommodate a maximum of 22 patients. The

facilities include a nursing station, CCTV lines, storage, equipment laboratory,

pantry, and monitoring board. Each unit will have specific rooms for healthcare

professionals in putting on and taking off of personal protective equipment

(PPE) to prevent the spread of contamination. (DPWH, 2020)

2.5.2 Emergency Quarantine Facilities for Hospitals and Institutions in the

Philippines

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 A Manila-based studio: WTA Architecture & Studio has built temporary

facilities to accommodate persons under investigation (PIUs). It aims to

produce a total of 62 emergency quarantine facilities. The modular buildings

are an easy-to-build design that is constructible within five days. William Ti

(2020), founder of WTA, says that "it is our fervent hope that more groups would

take up the designs and do with them as they please so we can build more

facilities faster". Each structure measures 6m x 26m, has 15 beds and two

toilets. The plan located the testing booths outside and provided with separate

entrances for healthcare professionals and patients. It features side vents that

dispense air from each ward to avoid recirculation. (Angelopoulou, 2020)

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

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 This chapter shows the research method used and tools in gathering

data to attain the goals of the study. A background with regards to the

environment of the feasible site will be discussed. The framework is presented

in a diagram consisting of the step-by-step process and providing a brief

explanation pertaining to the procedures applied in collecting data for this

project.

3.1 Research Method

This study will be using exploratory and quantitative methods. The

exploratory method will be used to know and understand better Modular

Designs and its existing issues, using second-hand data from books, articles,

published literature, and its relation as a source in gathering information. The

quantitative method is used to test theories and assumptions. This form of

research can be used to create generalizable facts about the subject. The focus

of this study is to provide the respondents with proper services. The

respondents in this study are the community, this is to examine if the proposal

would be a good solution in using modular units as an alternative approach in

giving immediate service to the affected neighborhoods.

3.2 Research Instrument

The primary instrument used in this research is the exploratory method.

This approach is adapted to have a better grasp concerning the existing

23
phenomenon and acquire data to provide proper knowledge of the topic. The

researchers have used the method of quantitative research by administering an

online survey to a group of healthcare personnel and local residents with a

number of fifteen (15) women and fifteen (15) men ages eighteen (18) to thirty-

five (35) years of age in assessing the viewpoints and experiences of probable

users regarding the study. The application of the secondary research method

to collect information using related literature, case studies, and online sources.

Cellphones, laptops, and the internet are the basic tools in gathering

data to support the concept of the study, conducting an online survey, and for

documentation.

3.3 Research Environment

This project will depend on how substantial the area would be. There is

no specific lot for this study, but the ideal environment for this project are as

follows;

● Habitable condition

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 The site must be in a condition where it is liveable and safe to provide

services to the community. The site must have no hazardous materials near or

surrounding the area to secure the health of the end-users.

● Secured and Safe for Construction

Before performing the construction, it must consider operations such as

knowing its elevation, slope, contours, and soil testing. The lot should be broad

and have leveled off before the modular units are mounted and assembled for

it to support the structure throughout the operation.

● Accessible for the end-users

The site must prioritize the accessibility of the facility to the PWD’s,

community, and its neighboring barrios to accommodate users that are in need

of service. The site must be adjacent to main roads and uncomplicated to locate

whenever such disastrous events would happen.

The conditions said above must be met before proceeding into

construction to avoid future complications from arising.

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3.4 Methodology Flow Chart

Figure 1. The Chronological Process of the Study

Figure 1 shows the summary of the working process of the study. The

gathered data presented help in resolving issues and the conceptualization of

ideas. The order represents the relationship of each step and serves as a guide

to recognize the next phase needed on the proposal.

CHAPTER 4

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 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Principle 1

Planning Considerations

Proper planning when designing, as stated, takes a big part in

architecture. This process organizes the areas according to its function and its

adjacent spaces, it is important for these spaces to be arranged well in order to

avoid confusion for the users.

Designers should consider the ergonomics and the significance of each

space when planning. Some designers overlook the relevance and significance

of spaces, this tends to result in confusion among the end-users. Designers

should also consider the standards of spaces in each room to accommodate

enough area for each individual and to keep away from jamming of users in one

space. It is also important to segregate private and public spaces to

disseminate what parts in the facility are off-limits for the general public.

Matters of Concern

As a facility that accommodates a community that has been affected by

natural calamities, it is important that these spaces should be properly

organized according to its function. Alongside, the public and private spaces

should be clearly met to avoid the public from loitering inside the facility.

27
 Putting up signs and a map on each corner of the hallways is a good

idea to indicate where the users should proceed. Adding up multiple assistance

desks is also a good idea in helping navigating offices or wards for the

beneficiary of the users and the staff.

Principle 2

Proper Lighting Design

When designing facilities it is necessary to provide proper lighting

depending on the functions of the spaces, lighting affects the psychology and

physiology of a human being by using various types of light. A literature review

according to, The Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupants from L. Edwin

and P. Torcellini: During daytime the benefits of using daylight has proven the

improvement of moods and energy needed to regulate the sleep-wake cycle of

a human being known as the ‘circadian rhythm’. The approach of mimicking

outdoor lighting can help increase productivity and ambiance depending in a

workplace’s functionality

This approach promotes the proper integration of lights. With the

aforementioned motives, addressing how lights affect the productivity,

psychology, and mood of a human being: the lights are also designed to

maximize the visibility and utilization of the spaces.

Matters of Concern

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 Lighting can improve or disrupt a person's well-being. It is only proper to

choose lights that are fit to the function and use of space, and knowing the

intensity and kind of light should be integrated in these spaces.

The use of LED lights can supply a large amount of light that is required

for the specific space, LED lights can also avoid unwanted expenses and

maintenance. Using a lighting fixture that can offer a top-end quality with low

costing responds to the issue of energy-saving and what is more practical to

use.

Principle 3

Passive Cooling

Ventilation is a vital component in improving the air quality within the

building that affects the comfort, health, and well-being of the occupants. It can

also help eliminate moisture, unwanted smells, and indoor pollutants. A poorly

ventilated structure can cause sick building syndrome that reduces productivity,

irritation of eyes, and flu.

To achieve a design with proper ventilation, the orientation and height of

windows should be considered to help enhance the flow of air into interiors. The

installation of fans is also encouraged to lessen the humidity of the areas and

reduces energy consumption.

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Matters of Concern:

Since contemporary architecture is the current trend of the 21st century,

buildings are abundant with large glass windows and equipped with HVAC

systems. Due to the existing phenomenon, the use of air-conditioning units is

allowed, but the rate of air change should be monitored and recirculation modes

are turned off. This resulted in discomfort for the users because of the humidity

and climate of the country.

The application of passive cooling promotes the natural way of getting

air without using mechanical systems. This design approach carries out the

warm air inside the building and replaces it with cool air from the outside.

Integrating water features can also help pre-cool air entering the facility. Also,

by surrounding it with trees, it can serve as a shade from the heat and improve

the air quality of the environment.

Principle 4

Plumbing System

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 Water is the source of several infectious diseases in the past, and it was

developed because of unsanitary conditions. The role of the plumbing system

is to maintain and regulate the water that is being distributed into the building

to ensure the well-being of the residents. It also takes wastewater away from

the dwellings as far as possible. The tenants tend to overlook plumbing as long

as there is no leak, but there are a lot of factors that can cause damage to the

system. Having defective pipes and water lines can lead to health and

environmental issues.

The scheduling of regular maintenance on the plumbing system has

benefits that can make people’s lives easier. It can assure to maintain the good

water pressure that is needed for washing dishes and showers to lessen

fatigue. A well-maintained system helps in decreasing monthly water bills and

emergency repairs. It also prevents contaminating the water for the individuals

to become healthier.

Matters of Concern:

The common problem of the plumbing system is how the pipework will

affect interior design. For some, it is considered an eyesore. Integrating it into

the walls is expensive, and inefficient especially when building temporary

facilities. It is also difficult to repair if the piping is hidden.

Exposed pipework is trending nowadays. It is commonly used in cool

gastropubs, instagrammable cafes, and trendy bars. It is important to blend it

31
with the theme of the space by painting it according to the color schemes. Since

it is visible, it has a higher risk of accidents that causes damage to the pipes. It

can be secured with a box made of wood and designing it or hiding it by using

decorations. It can add up to the aesthetic value of the area.

Principle 5

Aesthetics

Aesthetics refers to the set of principles regarding visual elements that

are essential especially in arts. It plays a vital role in architecture. The impact

of beautiful structures is associated with the emotions, and mindset of the

people in society.

Design elements are significant to the appeal of the building's aesthetics.

It is important to acquire knowledge about what group of colors to apply

depending on the function of the facility as it affects the mood of the users. The

scale and proportion of the windows and other components on the exterior of

the structure should be considered to create harmony in design.

Matters of Concern:

Designing structures is tricky, especially the facade. It leaves an

impression on a passerby. It also provides the character of the building. The

32
common problem of the designers is putting together design features that don't

blend well. It may result in unpleasantness and extra cost for unwanted details.

To avoid such situations, it is valuable to know the services that the

facility provides and harmonize it with the environment. Also, there are a lot of

ways to make the design stand out. As Leonardo da Vinci quotes, “Simplicity is

the ultimate sophistication”.

Principle 6

Volumetric Construction

This method can also be considered to be another alternative way of

doing modular designs. Aforementioned on the previous principle, this also do

always the complexity of parts forming them into simpler sections.

The difference between panelized and volumetric is that volumetric is

assembling and joining the factory- finished sections to form a partially finished

output of the building. The only need to do onsite is the mounting and bolting of

connections between the modular units. In this way it is more organized and

costs less than the traditional way of construction.

Matters of Concern:

33
 The difference with using volumetric is that, after the parts are

assembled and mounted to partially form the building, it is lifted and strapped

unto the trucks to deliver it on to the site. Since it is partially made, it is very

difficult for the workers to deliver the unit due to its size and weight making it

hard to maneuver around traffic and highways. Also, the driver has to pay

attention in steering not too fast to avoid the unit from flipping over.

It is only important to have a team to escort the units while delivering it

to the site. In the previous statement, the units should also be strapped properly

to the truck and must be covered upon delivering to avoid unwanted events.

Principle 7

Container System

Repurposing the use of container vans by reusing them as units to

provide temporary sheltering of the victims. Recutting them and redesigning the

interior and exterior to make it more liveable by the users.

In order for this to be feasible and more user friendly, the designers must

incorporate fenestrations to improve the ventilation and lighting of these

container vans. Also, the designers must provide electricity and water systems

to suffice the hygienic needs of the users.

Matters of Concern:

34
 Most container vans have dents, cracks, and wear already due to

corrosion and stacking of containers that may have been the cause of the dents.

It is only important to fix these issues before getting reused as part of a modular

unit of the facility.

It is only important to have proper inspection of these refurbished vans

(such as assessing the structural ability of the vans, checking of dents and

cracks) before passing it to the design stage.

Principle 8

Eclecticism

A design approach that is derived with a different combination of styles,

arts and trends. Only selecting the best characteristics of the style and

incorporating them into new buildings to fit with the modern trend. This

architecture style was famously introduced in Europe by french architects of

“Ecole des Beaux-Arts”.

In order to cope with the modern environment, instead of mixing

classical characteristics, it is rather to be fitted with different modern

architecture styles that can compensate and blend in with the environment.

Matters of Concern:

35
 Industrial style is the most commonly used aesthetic for modular

buildings. Thus, it is only considerable to incorporate different styles, and trends

for the building’s exterior and interior, since architecture does not only limit in

one style, in order to give off a “feel at home” design of the facility. Where the

use of “Eclectic style” as the main design of the modular units.

Making an impression to the staff and users that it is safe even if the

facility is made out of modular units, rest assured that it also prioritizes the

health and privacy of each individual.

CHAPTER 5

DESIRED BEHAVIOUR

This chapter only holds secondary data which are related to the study

that gives the ideal characteristics of the site that will be chosen for the

establishment to be built and put on.

36
5.1 Site

The image in figure 2 contains the map of the

Philippines. The study points out that the

country is prone to natural disasters, due to the

country being located in a complicated tectonic

setting and near the Pacific Ring of fire. The

Philippines is sitting on two micro tectonic plates

naming the Philippine Sea Plate and the Sunda

plate.

Figure 2. Philippine Map

Which are surrounded by two much larger plates namely the Eurasian

Plate and Pacific Plate which creates a subduction movement in the country. In

addition, the Philippines is also characterized by major cuts in the archipelago

namely the Philippine fault. This fault extends over 1,200km within the

Philippine arc facing northwestward motion to the Pacific and south eastward

motion towards the Eurasian Plate. The Philippine fault has been active for

more than 200 years causing earthquakes with the possibility of the surface

rupturing. The Philippines have been experiencing these disasters since the

beginning of time. However, the occurrence of these natural calamities has

worsened in recent times. During these times there were not much construction

37
advancements introduced, resulting in many of the Filipinos died and suffered

during these calamities.

In this study, there would be no definite site since these natural

calamities happen anywhere in the country but the ideal characteristics of this

site, it would be accessible for all and should be habitable, safe, and secured

for all the users.

5.2 Conceptual Framework

Figure 3. Modular Design’s Conceptual Framework

38
 Figure 3 displays the fundamentals that embody the study. It shows the

significant factors in coming up with the system, strategies, and space planning.

Under the category of planning considerations are accessibility and spatial

organization. The relationship between the two relates to one another wherein

good building accessibility provides user-friendly spaces, and spatial

organization properly arranges the areas according to their functions. The

systems integrated into the design are the lighting system and the installation

of CCTVs to ensure the safety and security of the users. Lastly is the group of

building strategies used in constructing the structure by selecting the best

method of joining components, using eco-friendly materials, and technologies

that promote sustainability by having less impact on the environment such as

solar panels.

5.3 Object Criteria

5.3.1 Laws and Ordinances

P. D. 1096 (National Building Code of the Philippines)

The National Building Code of the Philippines is a code

concerning the safeguard of life, health, property, and public welfare,

consistent with the principles of sound environmental management and

control of the state. It is also a framework of minimum standards and

requirements to regulate and control their location, site, design quality of

39
materials, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance for all

buildings and structures.

B.P. 344 (The Law to Enhance Mobility of Disabled Persons)

Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 is an act to enhance the mobility of

disabled persons by requiring certain buildings, institutions,

establishments, and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.

R.A. 10121 (Philippine Disaster Reduction and Management Act)

The law provides a comprehensive, all-hazard, multi-sectoral,

inter-agency, and community-based approach to disaster risk

management through the formulation of the National Disaster Risk

Management Framework.

R.A. No. 9514 (Fire Code of the Philippines)

The code implements all laws, rules, and regulations to ensure

adherence to standard fire prevention and safety measures, and

promote accountability in the fire protection and prevention service.

R.A. 7718 (An Act Amending Certain Sections Of Republic Act No. 6957)

The law acknowledges the indispensable role of the private sector

as the main engine for national growth and development and provides

the most appropriate incentives to mobilize private resources for the

40
 purpose of financing the construction, operation, and maintenance of

infrastructure and development projects normally financed and

undertaken by the Government.

CHAPTER 6

USER-CLIENT PROFILE

6.1 CLIENTS

6.1.1 Client Details

Vision Statement

The vision of the Office of Civil Defense states that “By

2022, OCD is a fully capacitated agency that leads the implementation of an

integrated civil defense and DRRM Program.”

Mission Statement

41
 The mission of the Office of Civil Defense states that “To

administer a comprehensive civil defense and disaster risk reduction and

management program towards a safer and resilient community.”

Core Values

E - Excellence

P - Professionalism

I - Integrity

C - Commitment

Names of Officials

USEC RICARDO B. JALAD, Administrator, Office of Civil Defense &

Executive Director, National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Council

ASEC HERNANDO M. CARAIG JR, Civil Defense Deputy Administrator

for Administration

ASEC CASIANO C. MONILLA, Civil Defense Deputy Administrator for

Operations

Funding

42
 The funding for the proposed temporary emergency facilities for

disaster preparedness is assumed to be sponsored by the Office of the

Civil Defense (OCD), as it is the implementing arm of the National

Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Council.

6.2 USER

6.2.1 Victims

The residents are the people who suffered from a disastrous

event. Most of them lost their houses. Some of them are suffering from

minor injuries. Some people are traumatized by the incident.

6.2.2 Staff

The administration consists of doctors, nurses, assistants, and

security personnel who can provide medical assistance and protection

for the victims of a disaster.

6.2.3 Visitors

43
 Visitors are the relatives of the families that were affected by the

calamity or some may be the staff member’s relatives that are visiting to

check up on their family members that could seldomly return to their

homes.

6.2.4 Guests

The guests that are mostly to visit are the government officials,

they are there to assess if all operations are performed well and in

progress but mostly they observe and evaluate the situation beforehand.

CHAPTER 7

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

The presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data using different

methods to address the problems described in the previous chapters are

followed by this chapter.

7. 1 Presentation of Survey Results

The table, pie charts, and a bar graph presented show the data that the

researchers have gathered and will be discussed analytically through the

perspective and concept of the study. The researchers have conducted an

online survey to know if the probable users (local residents and healthcare

44
personnel), a group of fifteen (15) men and fifteen (15) women ages eighteen

(18) to thirty-five (35) years of age are familiar and trust the modular

construction method. The questions are formulated to obtain results to identify

concerns and preferences of the respondents to support or assist in designing

the facilities.

QUESTION NO. TOTAL NO. OF VOTES (30 PARTICIPANTS)

YES NO

1 22 VOTES (73.3%) 8 VOTES (26.7%)

2 14 VOTES (46.7%) 16 VOTES (53.3%)

3 23 VOTES (76. 67%) 7 VOTES (23.33%)

10 15 VOTES (50%) 15 VOTES (50%)

Table 1. Percentage of Survey Results

Based on Table 1, many are familiar with the modular construction

method and it has not been introduced properly in the Philippines. The

knowledge about the topic allows the respondents to recognize the ability of

prefabricated buildings to serve as a shelter. Since the country is using the

traditional method for years now, the durability and its potential to withstand

disasters have not been known to the public.

45
 Figure 4. Users’ Preference of Modular Design

Figure 4 signifies the material that is commonly used for modular designs

in the Philippines. The result pertaining to architectural style shows the current

trend and how the respondents find prefabs appealing if a certain design

strategy is being executed.

46
 Figure 5. Selected Essential Factors by Survey Participants

Figure 5 displays the important factors that the respondents selected in

designing a facility. The result will give the researchers an overview of the

structure and serves as a guide in achieving a good design.

Survey Questions (To be answered by potential users based on the

benefactors mentioned in the significance of the study)

Q1. Are you familiar with modular construction (also called prefab)?

a. Yes

b. No

47
Q2. Have you seen or entered a prefabricated building?

a. Yes

b. No

Q3. Would you consider living in a modular shelter? If yes, explain why.

Q4. Which modular design would you prefer? (Pictures provided)

a. Wood

b. Precast Concrete

c. Steel

Q5. In modular designing, which architectural style do you prefer the most?

(Pictures provided)

a. Modern Eclectic Architecture

b. Contemporary Architecture

c. Filipino Architecture

Q6. Do you find modular designs appealing if: (Pictures provided)

a. Open

b. Conservative

Q7. How much do you expect a modular structure would cost to build

compared to traditionally built buildings?

48
 a. Cheaper

b. About the same

c. More expensive

Q8. Which construction type is convenient?

a. Traditional Construction

b. Modular Construction

Q9. Pick three (3) important factors in designing a facility.

a. Function

b. Amenities

c. Aesthetics

d. Safety and Security

e. Sustainability

Q10. Do you think prefabs can withstand a disaster? Why, and why not?

a. Yes

b. No

7.2 Existing Literature About Modular Construction in the Philippines

The following is the existing research about modular construction in the

Philippines. The data obtained will be used as a guide and reference for the

design of temporary emergency facilities that will be used as disaster

management assistance.

49
7.2.1 Potential of Container Housing in the Philippines

The study by Josefina Santos de Asis investigates whether container

housing is a viable alternative to the housing needs of the urban poor in the

Philippines by contrasting it with traditional Medium-Rise Housing. The

comparison focuses on engineering issues, alteration issues, and thermal

comfort.

The following tables used a color-coding system as a performance

indicator of Conceptual Container Housing Unit compared to Conventional

Medium-Rise Housing Unit wherein the Green shall mean that the conceptual

units outperform the conventional units in that category, Yellow signifies that

the performance is comparatively the same; Red indicates that the container

housing unit has a lower performance compared to the traditional unit thus

needs an additional intervention to function as well as the conventional unit.

1. Engineering Detail

CONVENTIONAL CONCEPTUAL

MEDIUM-RISE CONTAINER

HOUSING UNIT HOUSING UNIT

50
 STRUCTURAL ● It requires sound ● It requires a good
structural design footing
COMPONENTS ● The posts and
beams of the
container must
be kept intact

FLOOR LEVEL ● Five (5) stories ● It may be stacked

high up to 8 or 9
stories
● It is usually
stacked 4 or 5
stories high

INCORPORATION ● The pipelines ● The pipelines are

are covered either hidden by
OF UTILITIES under the floor double walls or
and the wall exposed to the
finishes exterior

● It works well in
hurricane and
earthquake-prone
areas
RESPONSE TO
● It is built for harsh
NATURAL conditions
induced or
DISASTERS circumstances
induced by sea
transportation
● It needs to be
elevated as it
does not respond
well to ground
moisture

Table 2. Engineering Detail

2. Alteration Issues

51
 CONVENTIONAL CONCEPTUAL

MEDIUM-RISE CONTAINER

HOUSING UNIT HOUSING UNIT

● For a quicker and cheaper

alternative, pre-cutting or initial
unit modification can be done in
the factory (mass production)
● Oxy-acetylene welding/cutting
are used on-site

Table 3. Alteration Issues

3. Thermal Comfort

CONVENTIONAL CONCEPTUAL

MEDIUM-RISE CONTAINER

HOUSING UNIT HOUSING UNIT

INSULATION ● No insulation ● It requires

required insulation
METHODS ● Local contractors
use double glass
walls with
fiberglass and
double walls with
foam insulation

52
 NATURAL ● Promotes cross- ● The units on the
ventilation upper floors are
VENTILATION typically naturally
ventilated
ISSUES
● Possible factors,
apart from the
insulation applied
is the interference
of the site (i.e.
vegetation)

Table 4. Thermal Comfort

Chapter 8

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

8.1 Programming Matrix

8.1.1 Function

The design is a low-rise emergency facility that has fifty-six (56)

beds. Each unit is designed with partitions to secure privacy in shared

accommodations. Spaces are being categorized based on their function

53
to provide good circulation inside the building. Also, systems are

incorporated to ensure the resident's safety by installing CCTVs,

identification cards, and emergency exits. The integration of recreational

spaces with green elements is essential to promote a healthy lifestyle

and improve air quality. The layout is arranged and planned to suffice

the wants and needs of the users.

8.1.2 Form

The facility's simple block design is organized intending to provide

adjacency and flow of each room which complements its function and

purpose to other spaces. The facility is then raised above ground level

to prevent future floods from running through the area. In order to

mitigate traffic and disturbance of privacy, the designers have provided

signages to inform individuals where they are only authorized to enter.

Moving on to the process, the spaces are then laid out with fenestration

to let light and air pass through the building while the interior is furnished

to accommodate the users’ necessities throughout their stay. Lastly,

ramps and personnel are available in the facility to assist people with

disabilities in roving around.

8. 1. 3 Time

The concept of this design intends to present a facility that is easy

and fast to build during a calamity. Although it is for temporary use, the

54
 structural design is stable enough to withstand the test of time and is

reusable for repeated times. Using factory-made components saves

construction time and controls the quality of modules that requires less

maintenance. The building adapts to the context of site location and

weather conditions.

8.2 Spatial Requirements

8.2.1 Space Identification

8.2.1.1 Administrative Office

● Head’s Desk

● Secretary’s Desk

● Assistant’s Desk

● Restroom

8.2.1.2 Public Areas

● Lobby

● Security Area

● Restroom

8.2.1.3 Utility

● Mechanical Room

55
 ● Electrical Room

● Janitor’s Room

8.2.1.4 Dormitories

● Dorm Rooms

● Dorm Toilet & Bath

● Kitchen

● Open Space (Convertible to Dining Area)

8.2.1.5 Miscellaneous

● Storage Room

8.3 Staffing Requirements

8.3.1 Administrative Offices

56
Figure 6. Administrative Offices Staff

8.4 Adjacency and Criteria Matrix

Figure 7. Space Relationship Matrix

57
8.4.1 Space Matrix for Different Spaces

Figure 8. Different Spaces Relationship Matrix

8.5 Schematic Diagramming

58
8.5.1 Bubble Diagrams

Figure 9.1. Ground Floor Bubble Diagram

Figure 9.2. Second Floor Bubble Diagram

8.5.2 Sketch Diagrams

59
Figure 10. Modular Design Sketch Diagrams

CHAPTER 9

60
 DESIGN SOLUTIONS

This chapter consists of design morphology, elaborated concept,

building materials, methods, and architectural drawings. It presents the

detailed process in addressing the problem with the design solutions.

9.1 Design Morphology

Mass Context

The proposed temporary emergency facility

has two storeys and a building height of

around 8 meters. A simple block form for

easier access and appealing design.

Figure 6. Mass Context

Mass Segregation

Modules are separated into different zones

based on their functions to provide a good

circulation of movements within the building.

Figure 7. Mass Segregation

61
Elevated Mass

The purpose of raising the structure off the

ground is to avoid flood risks. It also improves

the ventilation underneath the building and its

surroundings that helps in regulating the room

temperature.

Figure 7. Elevated Mass

Application of Green Spaces

The integration of green elements in spaces by

putting plant boxes and potted plants to

improve air quality and give relaxation.

Figure 8. Application of Green Spaces

9.2 Concepts

Mass Formation

The initial block design of the Modular Facility is

a representation of the containers that are to be

used on the project.

Figure 9. Mass Formation

62
Separation of Spaces

The block is then divided into 2 parts, which will

define the private and public spaces by: a.)

providing signages to discern off-limit areas and

b.) providing security personnel/s.

Figure 10. Separation of Spaces

Connection of Spaces

After the block is divided, to connect the

spaces, the researchers have then installed

platforms to provide a walkway for the users. In

addition, the containers and platforms are

raised to a meter using metal stilts to prevent

floodwaters from coming into the facility.

Figure 11. Connection of Spaces

Homage

Inspired by eclecticism, the interiors are fitted

with modern furnishings to give that modern

look. On the other hand, the exterior by default,

gives the industrial look but is fitted to look

modern and blend in with the urban setting.

63
Figure 12. Homage

Building Envelope

The façade’s concept is practical, where the

researchers only added the essential to the

structure to prove that practicality can still be

aesthetically appealing.

Figure 13. Building Envelope

Program

The primary spaces such as the wards, offices,

lobby, and open space should be arranged and

designed according to space relation in order to

be properly oriented.

Figure 14. Program

9.3 Structural System Used

The structure applied the method of container stacking, clamping, bolted

connections, and volumetric construction. Aligning the modules horizontally

and vertically is achieved through stacking up containers. Using fitting clamps

secure two containers together and enhance the stability of the design.

64
Platforms, posts, and other frames are attached using bolts in fast dismantling

the building. Volumetric construction has a lot of advantages compared to

traditional onsite assembly. Such as:

Speed. The modules are fabricated in a factory and transported to the site. The

work it requires is lesser compared to the conventional method.

Quality. By manufacturing in a controlled environment of the factory, it prevents

defects from poor weather conditions.

Customizable. Units are alterable based on the service they provide and the

design plan.

Cost-effective. A quickly assembled structure can save up labor costs and time.

9.4 Envelope

In order to achieve and apply natural lighting and passive air cooling, the

facility installed fenestrations, canopies, and skylight to improve the interior's

lighting and air that enters to attain a cool temperature within the facility. To

make certain of the safety and security of the users, giving them well-lit interior

spaces maximizes their visibility and line of sight inside the facility.

65
9.4.1 Horizontal Sun Shading Device

Figure 15.1. Visual Render of Horizontal Sun Shading Devices

The use of horizontal sun shading devices on the entry points of

the building's exterior allows to rectify heat desertion, and thermal

deflection. Sheathing the facility with canopies protects the inside walls

of the facility cool. It also protects the users from the rain and its moisture

going in the building’s fenestrations.

66
9.4.2 Skylight Roofing

Figure 15.2 Visual Render of Skylight Roofing

Adding skylight at the center of the facility allows the users to

enjoy the natural lighting and air without the torrid waves that the sun

creates allowing them to comfortably move around. The material used is

made out of fiberglass that absorbs and reflects its heat outwards,

decreasing the thermal temperature that abruptly changes and blends in

with the cool temperature inside the structure.

67
9.5 Utilities

Given that the structure is transportable and is nonpermanent, the water

system of the facility acquires its supply to the public water connection: with the

help of a water tank the facility will be able to store and hold enough supply as

back up for the facility. In addition, a mobile water purification is added to

decontaminate the available water resources around the vicinity if there are no

nearby water line connections encircling the site during heavy floods. For waste

management, situating a portable septic tank near the facility is required and

necessary. Supposing that the septic tank, in a matter of days, gets filled with

waste it will be collected by a waste management company to replace or clean

out the portable tanks.

The facility is powered by a fuel generator to have an independent

connection. Given that the facility is not permanent, connecting to the main

power lines can be a hassle and will take up time before the facility can be

supplied. Furthermore, the facility is installed with solar panels to help fill in

energy gaps and produces a more efficient power supply inside the facility.

Additionally, Solar panels also act as an emergency backup power in case the

generator runs out of fuel and fails to provide service.

68
9.6 Materials Used

Windows

Tinted glass panels

Properties:

Tinted glass panels reduce glare from outdoors and

retain its exposure from the inside.

Purpose:

● adds privacy

● increases security

● protects from harmful UV rays

Figure 16. Glass Panels

Horizontal Sun Shading Device

Aluminum

Properties:

Aluminum is a lightweight metal. It can be easily

bent and shaped. Also, it is corrosion-resistant.

Figure 17. Sun Shading Device

Purpose:

● lessen the need of artificial ventilation

● shades sunlight

69
 ● improves the facade’s design

Skylight Roofing

Polycarbonate

Properties:

Polycarbonate is heat resistant and durable. It can

be exposed to hot weather and maintain its color.

Figure 18. Skylight Roof

Purpose:

● allows natural light into the spaces

● improves ventilation

● makes a room appear more spacious

Platform

Steel

Properties:

Steel's most important characteristics are its

excellent formability, longevity, and thermal

conductivity.

Figure 18. Platform

70
Aside from these important properties, the most distinguishing feature of

stainless steel is its resistance to corrosion.

Purpose:

● structural stability

● provides walkway

Interior Walls

Plywood, Foam Board

Properties:

Materials embedded to one another to devise double

walling each unit.

Figure 19. Walls

Purpose:

● insulating device

● improves thermal comfort

71
9.6.1 Axonometric Projection

Figure 20. Axonometric Projection of the Modular Facility

Figure 20 shows the axonometric projection of the modular facility

showing the materials that are used.

72
9.7 Architectural Drawings

9.7.1 Floor Plans

Figure 21.1. Modular Design Ground Floor Plan

73
Figure 21.2. Modular Design Second Floor Plan

74
Figure 21.3. Modular Design Dormitories Ground Floor Plan

75
Figure 21.4. Modular Design Dormitories Second Floor Plan

76
Figure 21.4. Modular Design Roof Plan

77
Figure 21.5. Modular Design Plumbing Layout

78
9.7.2 Elevations

Figure 22. Modular Design Elevations

79
Figure 23. Modular Design Sections

80
9.7.3 Perspectives

9.7.3.1 Exterior Perspectives

Figure 24.1. Rendered Exterior Perspective (Front View)

Figure 24.2. Rendered Exterior Perspective (Rear View)

81
9.7.3.2 Interior Perspectives

9.7.3.2.1 Administrative Office

Figure 25. Rendered Perspective of Administrative Office

9.7.3.2.2 Kitchen

Figure 26. Rendered Perspective of Kitchen

82
9.7.3.2.3 Pantry

Figure 27. Rendered Perspective of Pantry

9.7.3.2.4 Open Space

Figure 28. Rendered Perspective of Open Space

83
9.7.3.2.4 Dormitories

Figure 29.1. Rendered Perspective of Dormitory 1

Figure 29.2. Rendered Perspective of Dormitory 2

84
 Chapter 10

Conclusions and Recommendations

10.1 Conclusion

Modular Design is a design concept of joining prefabricated modules to

create working units. It introduces an alternative solution that is buildable within

a short period and can withstand extreme weather conditions. The temporary

emergency facility applies this strategy to provide an immediate response to

communities during a disaster. With the help of technologies incorporated into

the study, it enhances the comfort of the users.

10. 2 Recommendations

The focal point of the study is to use modular design as a temporary

emergency facility. The structure is planned according to the function and

services it requires. The elements integrated into the design are based on the

data gathered and the guidelines of evacuation centers. Provision of ramps,

stairs and user-friendly comfort rooms are in accordance with the laws and

ordinances. Further research about this topic is encouraged. The

recommendations are as follows: machine-operated adjustable platform, use of

eco-friendly materials, flexible utilities connections, assembling methods,

maximizing the spaces within each unit and technologies that are locally

available.

85
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89
APPENDIX

90
APPENDIX A

TRANSMITTAL LETTER

CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY

N.Bacalso Ave., Cebu City
A.Y. 2020-2021

May 28, 2021

USEC. Ricardo B. Jalad

Administrator, Office of Civil Defense
Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Q.C.

Dear USEC. Jalad,

Good day!
We are 5th year BS Architecture students from Cebu Institute of Technology- University,
conducting a thesis study on “MODULAR DESIGN: AN ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION TO FAST-
PACED CONSTRUCTION IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS”. The study to be conducted by
the proponents is a requirement in AR 561- Design 9; Thesis Writing. In this study, the
researchers will design a temporary facility using repurposed container vans for climate victims
who are in need of shelter after a disastrous event. With this, we aim to provide a shelter that
the victims can lodge on while they are still recovering from the calamity.
As the Undersecretary and Administrator of the Office of Civil Defense, we address you
this letter because we would like to ask if we can acquire assistance in terms of funds and data
in this study.
The data and funds of the study will be professionally gathered by the researchers. Your
consideration and approval of our proposal is greatly appreciated and will surely be a
substantial factor in the accomplishment of our study. We are hoping for your positive response
on this matter. For further discussions, you can contact us through our email;
denisejaceabantorosillon@gmail.com and mobile number; +63 915 943 6357.

Respectfully Yours,
Denise Jane C. Abanto
5th Year BS Architecture Student

Jim Carlo Y. Rosillon

5th Year BS Architecture Student

Received By:
USEC. Ricardo B. Jalad
Administrator, Office of Civil Defense

91
 APPENDIX B

CURRICULUM VITAE

92
Curriculum Vitae

Contact Information:

Name: Denise Jane C. Abanto

Address: R. Eustaquio, N. Bacalso Ave., Cebu City

Hometown: P-7 Brgy. Sabang, Surigao City

Mobile Number: (+63) 950 276 4074

Email: abanto.denisejanec@gmail.com

Personal Information:

Birthday: June 11, 1998

Religion: Roman Catholic

Civil Status: Single

Education:

Primary Level

● Esperanza Elementary School, Esperanza, Southern Leyte

Secondary Level

● Caraga Regional Science High School (CRSHS), San Juan, Surigao City

Tertiary Level

● Cebu Institute of Technology - University (CIT-U), N. Bacalso, Cebu City

93
Technical Skills:

● Sketchup

● Autocad

● Lumion

● V-Ray

● Revit

● Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, Excel

● Adobe Illustrator, Lightroom, Premiere

● Architectural Drafting

94