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Literature Review

Machining is a manufacturing process that removes unwanted material from a workpiece, usually in the form of chips, to create a desired shape and finish. Almost every manufactured product requires some level of machining. The machining process can be viewed as having independent input variables that directly impact dependent output variables and their relationships. Key input variables include the workpiece material and its metallurgy, size and shape, tool material selection, and cutting parameters like speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The appropriate selection of these input variables depends on factors like the part geometry, required tolerances and surface finish, production volume, and tool performance requirements.

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27 views1 page

Literature Review

Machining is a manufacturing process that removes unwanted material from a workpiece, usually in the form of chips, to create a desired shape and finish. Almost every manufactured product requires some level of machining. The machining process can be viewed as having independent input variables that directly impact dependent output variables and their relationships. Key input variables include the workpiece material and its metallurgy, size and shape, tool material selection, and cutting parameters like speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The appropriate selection of these input variables depends on factors like the part geometry, required tolerances and surface finish, production volume, and tool performance requirements.

Uploaded by

daniall hakimi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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2.

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Machining is a term that covers a large collection of manufacturing processes designed to


remove unwanted material, usually in the form of chips, from a work-piece. Machining is used to
convert castings, forgings, or preformed blocks of metal into desired shapes, with size and finish
specified to fulfill design requirements. Almost every manufactured product has components that
require machining, often to great precision. The majority of industrial applications of machining are
in metals. Although the metal cutting process has resisted theoretical analysis because of its
complexity, the application of these processes in the industrial world is widespread. Metal cutting
processes can be viewed as consisting of independent input variables, dependent variables, and
independent-dependent interactions or relationships. The engineer or machine tool operator has
direct control over the input variables and can specify or select them when setting up the machining
process. Several input variables are described below.

2.2 PROJECT REVIEW

The work piece's metallurgy and chemistry[1] can either be provided or is already known. Quite
frequently, a material is chosen for a specific use primarily due to how well it machines. For instance,
cast iron and aluminium are noted for being simple to process. Other metals, like titanium or
stainless steel, are challenging to process. These metals are chosen to satisfy other functional design
objectives, but they frequently have high cutting forces or poor surface finishes, which can lead to a
short cutting tool life. The work piece's size and shape may be determined by earlier casting, forging,
shaping, and other processes, or it may be chosen from standard machining stock, such as bar stock
for screw machines. Typically, this factor directly affects both the depth of cut and the chosen
machining method or processes. The geometry of the part size and shape, whether rotational or
non-rotational, the necessary finishes and tolerances, and the amount of the product to be
produced must all be taken into consideration when choosing the machining methods necessary to
turn the raw material into a finished product.

High-Speed Steel, in both wrought and powder metallurgy forms, carbides, and coated tools are the
three materials used most frequently as cutting tool materials today for industrial machining
processes. Diamonds, ceramics, and cubic boron nitride are also commonly used. It still takes skill to
choose a tool material that meets functional requirements while also offering dependable service.
The ability of a tool to resist wear at higher cutting speeds increases with tool material hardness. The
cutting temperature rises with increasing cutting speed, and tool life decreases. Cutting tools should
have both a lengthy tool life and the ability to maintain hardness at high temperatures. It is
important to choose a cutting speed, a feed, and a depth of cut for every machining process. These
choices are impacted by a variety of variables since they all have an impact on the dependent
variables. The other input variables that have been selected, such as the total amount of material to
be removed, the materials of the work piece and the tools, and the

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