NAME: JOHN EXZUR ELIZER A.

ALCEDO BSED 3 MATH

MODERN GEOMETRY
CLASSICAL EUCLIDIAN GEOMETRY FINITE GEOMETRY
Origins of Geometry Undefined Terms Euclid’s Axioms and Postulates Four Points Geometry Four Line Geometry Fano’s Geometry
Axioms
• Point- exact location in
• During the ancient egyptian was the earliest time that geometry space 1. The things which are equal to the same
was used. To create the great pyramid they used ratios and • Line- a collection of points thing are also equal to one another.
triangles, and concept of areas to divide the lands for taxation along straight path,
purposes. breadth less length 2. If equals be added to equals, the wholes
• Line segment – Part of line are equals
• During the ancient Babylonian (300 BCE). Some records were having two endpoints
found that measurements of quadrilateral were used in this era. • Ray- part of line having 3. If equals be subtracted from equals, the
To add, the babylonians were the one who approximated the only one endpoint remainders are equal
value of 𝜋 𝑡𝑜 3.125 and they already had been familiar with the • Angle – consist of two rays
pythagorean theorem before the Greek mathematician 4. Things which coincide with one another Axioms Axioms Axioms
that have common
pythagoras did. endpoint are equal to one another.
1. There are exactly four distinct points 1. There exist exactly four lines, 1. There exists at least on line.
• Plane – a flat surface that
• The coming of the Greeks, geometry comes with more on the extends endlessly in all 5. The whole is greater than the part.
emphasis reasoning and more logical system rather than the 2. Any two distinct points have exactly one 2. Any two distinct lines have exactly one 2. There are exactly three points on each
direction line point of on both of them, and line
result. They were the first to introduce the concept of proofs • Straight Angle- Angle
that consists of packs of arguments, assumptions and evidence. whose measures is 180°
Furthermore, the greek mathematician Euclid - the father of 3. Each line is exactly on two points 3. Each point is on exactly two lines. 3. Not all points are on the same line
• Right Angle- Angle whose
Geometry combined the geometric knowledge with the treatise measures is 90°
called Elements that composed of thirteen books. 4. For each two distinct points, there
• Acute Angle- Angle whose exists exactly one line both of them
measures is less than 90°
• 2 millenniums later. Euclid`s elements has been admired as a
• Obtuse Angle- Angle 5. Each two lines have at least one point
brilliant work in logical reasoning and serve as the text on
whose measures is greater on both of them
geometry for over 2000 years. However, the fifth postulate of
than 90°
Euclid became the center of the debate. It was the debate that
• Complementary Angles- Postulates Theorems Propositions Propositions
led to the non-Euclidian geometries that can be applied to
sum of their measures are
different surfaces.
90° 1. To draw a straight line from any point to 1. If two distinct lines intersect, they 1. Given any line L and a point X not on the 1. Two distinct lines have exactly one
• Supplementary Angles- any point. contains exactly one point line L there exists exactly one point on L point in common.
sum of their measures are which is non-collinear with X.
180° 2. To produce a finite straight line 2. There are exactly six lines 2. There exactly seven points and exactly
• Intersecting Line- two continuously in a straight line. 2. Given any point there exist exactly one seven lines.
lines that cross 3. Each point lies exactly on three lines point non-collinear with it and four point
• Parallel Line- two lines in 3. To describe a circle with any center and collinear with it. 3. There is no parallel lines
the same plane that do not distance. 4. Each distinct line has exactly one line
intersect parallel to it 3. Given any pair of points X and Y there 4. Each line is on exactly three points
• Perpendicular Line- two 4. Those all right angles are equal to one exists at most one line consisting both of
lines that intersect to form another. them. 5. The set of all lines in a single point
right angles contains all the points in the geometry
• Collinear- points which lie The parallel postulate 4. There is exactly one line on any two
on the same line distinct points 6. For every pair of points, there exist
• Non collinear- points That, if straight line falling on two straight exactly two lines containing neither point
which do not lie on the lines make the interior angles on the same 5. There is at least point on any two
same line side less than two right angles, the two distinct lines
• Coplanar – Points or lines straight lines, if produced indefinitely, meet
which lie on the same on that side on which are the angles less than
plane the two right angles."
• Non- Coplanar – Points or
lines which do not lie on
the same plane