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Skeletal System Intro and Skull PPT

The document provides an overview of the human skeletal system, beginning with an introduction to bone tissue and classifications of bones. It then describes the four main types of long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. The remainder summarizes the bones that make up the axial skeleton, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. It details the individual cranial and facial bones that form the skull.

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Insatiable Clee
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84 views34 pages

Skeletal System Intro and Skull PPT

The document provides an overview of the human skeletal system, beginning with an introduction to bone tissue and classifications of bones. It then describes the four main types of long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. The remainder summarizes the bones that make up the axial skeleton, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. It details the individual cranial and facial bones that form the skull.

Uploaded by

Insatiable Clee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Human Skeletal System

INTRODUCTION AND THE SKULL

10/13/2021
Skeletal System
• consists of bones and other structures that make up the joints
and skeletons
• the types of tissue present are bone tissue, cartilage, and
fibrous connective tissue, which forms the ligaments that
connect bone to bone
• bones are classified into four
• long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones
Long Bones

• bones of the arms, legs,


hands and feet (but not
the wrists and ankles)
• the shaft of a long bone is
the diaphysis, and the
ends are called epiphysis
Diaphysis

• made of compact bone and


is hollow, forming a canal
within the shaft
• this marrow canal (or
medullary cavity) contains
yellow bone marrow, which
is mostly adipose tissue
Epiphysis
• made of spongy bone covered with
a thin layer of compact bone
• although red bone marrow is
present in the epiphyses of
children’s bones,
• it is largely replaced by yellow bone
marrow in adult bones
Short Bones
• the bones of the wrists and
ankles
• made of spongy bone covered
with a thin layer of compact
bone
Flat Bones
• the ribs, shoulder blades, hip
bones and cranial bones
• made of spongy bone
covered with a thin layer of
compact bone
Irregular Bones
• the vertebrae and facial bones
• made of spongy bone covered
with a thin layer of compact
bone
Skeleton
• provides framework that supports the body
• the muscles that are attached to bones move
the skeleton
• protects some internal organs from
mechanical injury
• contains and protects the red bone marrow
• the primary hemopoietic or blood-forming tissue
Skeleton
• provides a storage site for excess calcium
▪ calcium may be removed from bone to maintain a normal blood
calcium level, which is essential for blood clotting and proper
functioning of muscles and nerves
• the human skeleton has two divisions:
▪ the axial skeleton, which forms the axis of the body;
▪ and the appendicular skeleton, which supports the appendages of the
limbs
Axial Skeleton

• forms the axis of the body


• consists of the skull,
vertebral column and rib
cage
Skull

• consists of 8 cranial bones and


14 facial bones
• also in the head are three small
bones in each middle ear cavity
and the hyoid bone that
supports the base of the tongue
Cranial Bones
• form the braincase (line with meninges) that encloses and
protects the brain, eyes and ears
• Frontal bone
• Parietal bones (two)
• Temporal bones (two)
• Occipital bone
Sphenoid bone and Ethmoid bone
• parts of the floor of the braincase and the orbits (sockets) for
the eyes
Frontal Bone
• forms the forehead and the anterior part of the top of the skull
Parietal bone
• parietal means wall
• the two large parietal bones form
the posterior top and much of the
side walls of the skull
Temporal bone
• each temporal bone on the side
of the skull contains an external
auditory meatus (ear canal), a
middle ear cavity, and inner ear
labyrinth
Occipital Bone
• forms the lower, posterior part of
the braincase
• its foramen magnum is a large
opening for the spinal cord, and the
two condyles (rounded projections)
on either side articulate with the
atlas, the first cervical vertebra
Sphenoid bone
• is wedged between several other
bones in the front of the cranium
• it consists of a central part and two
wing-like structures that extend
sideways toward each side of the
skull
• this bone helps form the base of the
cranium, the sides of the skull, and
the floors and sides of the orbits
(eye sockets)
Sphenoid bone

10/13/2021
Ethmoid bone

• had a vertical projection called the


crista galli that anchors the cranial
meninges
• the rest of the ethmoid bone forms the
roof and upper walls of the nasal
cavities and the upper part of the nasal
septum
Sutures
• all the joints between cranial bones are immovable joints called
sutures
• in a suture, the serrated, or sawtooth, edges of adjacent bones
fit into each other
• these interlocking projections prevent sliding or shifting of the
bones if the skull is subjected to a blow or pressure
Sutures

10/13/2021
Mandible
• of the 14 facial bones, only
the mandible (lower jaw) is
movable
• it forms a condyloid joint
with each temporal bone
• the other joints between
facial bones are all sutures
Maxillae
• are the two upper jaw bones,
which also form the anterior
portion of the hard palate (roof
of the mouth)
• sockets for the roots of the
teeth are found in the maxillae
and the mandible
Nasal Bones
• the 2 nasal bones form the
bridge of the nose where
they articulate with the
frontal bone
• the rest of the nose is
supported by the cartilage
Lacrimal Bone
• there is a lacrimal bone at the
medial side of each orbit
• the lacrimal canal contains the
lacrimal sac, a passageway for
tears
Zygomatic Bones
• each of the two zygomatic bones
forms the point of a cheek, and
articulates with the maxilla,
frontal bone, and temporal bone
Palatine
• the two palatine bones are the posterior portion of the hard palate
Vomer

• the plow-shaped vomer forms


the lower part of the nasal
septum
• it articulates with the ethmoid
bone
Conchae
• on either side of the vomer are the
conchae, six scroll-like bones that
curl downward from the sides of the
nasal cavities
• they help increase the surface area
of the nasal mucosa
Paranasal Sinuses
• air cavities located in the
maxillae and frontal, sphenoid,
and ethmoid bones
• open into the nasal cavities
and are lined with ciliated
epithelium continuous with the
mucosa of the nasal cavities
Mastoid sinuses
• air cavities in the mastoid
process of each temporal bone
• they open into the middle ear
Auditory bones

• within the middle ear cavity


are three auditory bones:
• malleus, incus and stapes
• these bones transmit
vibrations from the eardrum
to the receptors in the inner
ear

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