ADDITIONAL

 COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 1
A square footing is constructed 1.2 below the ground surfac for w/c the bulk unit
weight of soil is 20 kN/m3, the cohesion strenght is 10 KPa and the angle of
internal friction is 15 degrees under condition of general shear failure, and using
Terzaghis bearing capacity factors.
Nc = 12.86
Nq = 4.45
Nc = 1.52
γ = 20 kN/m3
Compute the dimension of the square footing if the allowable soil pressure is
119.60 KPa with a factor of safety of 2.5 if the water table is 4m. below the bottom
of the footing.

Solution:
qult. = 1.3 c Nc + qNq + 0.4 γ BNc
qult. = 119.60(2.5) =229 KPa.
299 = 1.3(10)(12.86) + 20(1.2)(4.45) + 0.4(20) B(1.52)
B = 2.06 m. σ
30˚

ground surface

D f =1.2 m

4m

water table
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 2
The turbine of a hydrostatic plant is driven by a falling head of water from a source 30 m.
high up through a 600 mm penstock flowing full.

➀ Evaluate the theoretical velocity of water as it hits the turbine blades in m/sec.
➁ Evaluate the theoretical discharge of water in m3/s.
➂ If the turbine is only 70% efficient, estimate the horsepower available from it.

Solution:
➀ Theoretical velocity of water as it hits the turbine blades
V = 2gh
V = 2(9.81)(30)
V = 24.26 m / s
Powerhouse

➁ Theoretical discharge of water in m3/s To

transmission
Q = AV
Tansformer lines

π
Generator
30m
Q = (0.6)2 (24.26) Gate

4 Turbine

Q = 6.86 m3 / s Tail water

➂ Horsepower available from it Bedrock Penstock Draft tube

Qγ w E
HP =
746
6.86(9810)(30)(0.70)
HP =
746
HP = 1894 hp
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 3
A clay layer 5 m. thick rests beneath a deposit of submerged sand 8 m. thick. The top of the
sand is located 3 m. below the surface of a body of water. The saturated unit weight of the
sand is 25 kN/m3, and the clay is 20 kN/m3.

➀ Evaluate the total vertical pressure at mid-height of the clay layer in kPa.
➁ Evaluate the pore water pressure at mid-height of the clay layer in kPa.
➂ Obtain the intergranular stress or effective stress at mid-height of the clay in kPa.

Solution:
➀ Total vertical pressure at mid-height of clay layer
Total vertical stress (σv) water surface

= 9.81(3) + 25(8) + 20(2.5)

= 279.43 kPa 3m

➁ Pore water pressure at mid-height of the clay layer Sand

Pore pressure (µ) = 9.81(3 + 8 + 2.5) kN/m3
sat =25
Pore pressure (µ) = 132.44 kPa 8m

➂ Intergranular stress or effective stress at mid-

height of the clay
2.5m
σeff = σv - µ Clay
σeff = 279.43 – 132.44 5m
kN/m3
sat =20
σeff = 146.99 kPa

Another solution:
σeff = (25 – 9.81) + (20 – 9.81)(2.5)
σeff = 146.99 kPa

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 4
A footing, 2 m. x 3 m. in plan and 0.50 m. thick, is designed to support a 0.60 m. square
column. Due to architectural requirement, the column is so located that its external face is
flush with the shorter edge of the footing. The column, however, is located along the minor
principal axis of the footing. The column load, including the weight of the column itself, is 50
kN. Assume the concrete to weigh 24 kN/m3.

➀ Evaluate the total downward load on the supporting ground, in kN.

➁ Evaluate the overturning moment on the footing, in kN.m.
➂ Evaluate the maximum pressure induced on the supporting soil, in kPa.
Solution:
➀ Total downward load on the supporting ground
P = 50 + 24(2)(3)(0.5) 3
P = 50 + 72
P = 122 kN 0.6

➁ Overturning moment on the footing 2 0.6

M = 50(1.5 – 0.3)
M = 60 kN.m.
72 50
➂ Max. pressure induced on the supporting soil
P 6M
σ max = + 2 1.5
A bd C
L 0.3
122 6(60)
σ max = +
2(3) 2(3)2
σ max = 40.33 kPa
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 5
An irrigation canal with trapezoidal cross-section has the following dimensions: Bottom width
= 2.50 m, depth of water = 0.90 m, side slope = 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical, slope of the canal
bed = 0.001, coefficient of roughness = 0.025. The canal will serve clay-loam Riceland
for which the duty of water per hectare is 3.0 liters/sec. Using Manning’s Formula:
➀ Determine the hydraulic radius of the canal, in meter(s).
➁ Velocity of the water in m/sec.
➂ Number of hectares served by the irrigation canal.
Solution:
➀ Hydraulic radius of the canal
A
R=
Pw
5.2
(5.2 + 2.5)(0.9)
1
R= 2 1.35 2.5 1.35
2.5 + 1.622(2)
R = 0.603 m.
0.9 0.9
➁ Velocity of the water x
1.622
1
V = R 2/3 S1/2
n
2.5
1
V= (0.603)2/3 (0.001)1/2
0.025
V = 0.903 m / s

➂ Number of hectares served by the irrigation canal

Q = VA
⎛ 5.2 + 2.5 ⎞
Q = 0.903 ⎜ (0.9)
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
Q = 3.13 m3 /s
Q = 3130 liters/sec.
3130
No. of hectares =
3
No. of hectares = 1043 hectares
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 6
A liquid is discharged from a container through a circular orifice having a diameter of 10 mm
that is located h meters from the liquid surface to the center of the orifice.

➀ If the container is open to the atmosphere, obtain the theoretical discharge through the
orifice in liters/sec when h = 9.
➁ Repeat the previous question if the container is moving upward at acceleration half that of
gravity.
➂ Repeat the first question if the coefficient of velocity is 0.95 and the coefficient of
contraction is 0.65 for the orifice.

Solution:
➀ Theoretical discharge through the orifice in liters/sec when h = 9 if the container is open to
the atmosphere
Q = A 2gh (1000)
π
Q= (0.01)2 2(9.81)(9) (1000)
4
Q = 1.04 liters / sec.

➁ Theoretical discharge if the container is moving upward at acceleration half that of gravity
π ⎛ 4.91⎞
Q= (0.01)2 2(9.81) ⎜ 1 + (9)
4 ⎝ 9.81⎟⎠

Q = 1.28 liters / sec.

➂ Theoretical discharge if the coefficient of velocity is 0.95 and the coefficient of contraction
is 0.65 for the orifice
Q = Cv Cc A 2gh (1000)
⎛ π⎞
Q = 0.95(0.65) ⎜ ⎟ (0.01)2 2(9.81)(9) (1000)
⎝ 4⎠
Q = 0.644 liters / sec.
 
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 7
An impervious layer underlies 4 layers of permeable soil. The thickness and the coefficient of
permeability of each layer, from the top to bottom layer, are:

Layer k, cm/secThickness, m
1 2 x 10-4 3
2 1 x 10-5 3
3 2 x 10-3 3
4 1 x 10 -3 3

➀ Evaluate the equivalent horizontal coefficient of permeability of the deposit, in cm/sec.

➁ Obtain the rate of flow per meter width of the deposit, in cc/sec, if the hydraulic gradient for
the soil formation is 0.70.
➂ Evaluate the discharge of the aquifer in m3/day.

Solution:
➀ Equivalent horizontal coefficient of permeability of the deposit

Kh =
(
2x10 - 4 (3)+1x10 - 5 (3)+2x10 -3 (3)+3 1x10 -3 )
12
Kh = 0.000803 cm / s

➁ Rate of flow per meter width of the deposit if the hydraulic gradient for the soil formation is
0.70
Q=kiA
Q = 0.000803(0.7)(12)(100)(1)
Q = 0.674 cm3/s

➂ Discharge of the aquifer

0.674(3600)(24)
Q=
(100)3

Q = 0.0582 m3 / day
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 8
A 1.20 m. wall footing is constructed on the surface of a silty sand soil as shown in figure A.
If the footing is embedded to a depth of 0.75 m as shown in figure B, compute the
percentage increase of its bearing capacity.
Cohesionless sand c = 0 P
Unit weight of soil = 15.16 kN/m 3

Bearing capacity factors for ø = 30˚

Nq = 22.5 Ny = 19.7

Solution: ground surface

For figure A.
For figure A: 1.20 m
1
qult = γ B Ny Figure A
2
1
qult = (15.16)(1.2)(19.7) P
2
qult = 179.20 KPa
ground surface

For figure B: 0.75 m

1
qult = γ D Nq + γ B Ny
2 1.20 m
1 Figure B
qult = 15.16(0.75)(22.5) + ( 15.16)(1.2)(19.7)
2
qult = 435.03 KPa
(435.03 - 179.20)
Percentage increase = 100 = 143% increase
179.20
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 9
A dam of length 36 m (perpendicular to the plane shown) is constructed of an impermeable
soil. The dam overlays a sand bed with a thickness of 1.98 m. as shown. The permeability of
the sand bed is 2.9 m/day. Compute the discharge due to see page in liters/min.
 

w.s.
Elev. 288 m

Outfall elevation
H 276 m.

Solution:
1.98 m
H = 288 – 276
H = 12 m. L=48 m
Length of seepage = 48 m. Sand bead
H 12
Hydraulic gredient =
= = 0.25
L 48
Area of rectangular flow = 36(1.98) = 71.28 m2.
Permeability = 2.9m/day
2.9
K= = 0.002013 m/min.
24(60)
Q=KiA
Q = 0.002013(0.25)(71.28)
Q = 0.0359 m3 / min
Q = 359 liters/min.
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 10
The soil profile shown below consists of a sandy fill layer overlying a layer of normally
consolidated clay with the soil propedties shown. The soil below the clay layer is stiff clay.
The ground water table is lowered to the top of the clay layer and a mat foundation(bottom of
the mat foundation is 1.0 m below the ground) of plan dimensions of 58 m x 76 m. is
constructed. The total vertical concentric load on the mat is 178000 kN. Compute the
settlement caused by the consolidation of the layer immediately underlying the sandy fill.

Solution:
Po = 17.94(1.8) + (18.82 - 9.81)(0.60) + (16.99 - 9.81)(1.8)
Po = 50.622 KPa.
Effective soil pressure whrn the water table is at the top of the clay.
P2 = 17.94(2.4) + (16.99 - 9.81)(1.8)
P2 = 55.98 KPa Sand
1.80 m Sandy fill = 17.94 kN/m3
ground water table
178000 0.60 m sat=18.82 kN/m3
ΔP = = 40.38 KPa Sand
58(76)
CH (P + ΔP) Clay 1.8
Δ = c log 2
1 + eo Po 360 m
eo = 1.4
Δ=
0.45(3.6)
log
(55.98 + 40.38) CC = 0.45  =16.99 kN/m3
1 + 1.4 50.622
Δ = 0.189 m
Δ = 189 mm
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 11
A reinforced concrete dam has a sheet pile cut off wall parallel to its upstream face as shown
on the figure. The elevation of the reservoir is 65m. The underlying soil is silty sand with a
hydraulic conductivity K of 60.98 m/day. The dam is 46 m. long. Compute the total seepage
loss under the dam in m3/sec.

Solution: Elev.= 65 m w.s.

Seepage flow per unit width
K H Nf H
q= Elev.= 60.56 m
Nd ground water table

Nf = 3 Nd = 8 1.35 m
ground surface
H = 65 - 60.56 = 4.44 1 2 3
(3)
q = 60.98(4.44)
8
2
q = 101.53 m / day
8
Total seepage loss. 1 7
2 6
5
101.53(46) 3 4
Q=
24(3600) Impermeable lay, Elev. = 51.75 m
3
Q = 0.054 m / sec.
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 12
A permeable soil layer that is underlain by an impervious layer slopes at 5 degrees to the
horizontal and is 4 m. thick measured vertically. If the coefficient of permeability of the
permeable layer K = 0.005 cm/sec, determine the rate of seepage per meter width of
permeable layer in liters per hour.

Solution:
L
h
tan 5˚ = 5˚
L h
4m
h = L tan 5˚ 1m

5˚ impe
x Cos 5˚ = L rviou
s lay 5˚
er H=3.98478
L A
x= x
Cos 5˚
Hydraulic gradient :
h q=KiA
i=
x
0.005
L tan 5˚ K= (3600)
i= 100
L
K = 0.18 m/hr
Cos 5˚
Rate of seepage :
i = tan 5˚ Cos 5˚
q=KiA
i = Sin 5˚
q = 018(0.08716)(3.98478)
i = 0.08716
q = 0.063 m3 /hr
H = 4 Cos 5˚
q = 63 liters / hr.
H = 3.98478
A = 3.98478(1)
A = 3.98478 m2
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 13
Friction piles, 400 mm x 400 mm in cross-section, are embedded 20 m. into a layer of plastic
clay to support a pile cap factored load of 12000 kN. The unconfined compression strength
of the clay was obtained at 120 kPa. Evaluate the number of piles required in a cluster to
support on the assumption that the pile group has an 80% efficiency.

Solution:
Capacity of individual piles :
F = α CPL
120
C= = 60
2
(400)(4)
F = 1(60) (20)
1000
F = 1920 kN
1920(N)(0.80) = 12000
N = 7.81 say 8 piles
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 14
A car weighing 800 kg runs at 60 kph around an unbanked circular curve with a radius of 100
m. What force of friction on the tires should be there be to prevent the car from sliding?
Solution:
w
60(1000)
V=
3.6 centrifugal
force

V = 16.667 m/s
wV 2 F
F= (centrifugal force)
gr car

800(16.667)2
F= F wV2/gr
100
F = 2222 N

PROBLEM 15

A ball is thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity of 3 m/sec, from the window of a tall
building. The ball strikes the sidewalk at the ground level 4 seconds later. Find the height of
the window above the ground level.
B
Solution:
Shortcut solution :
h
1
y = Vo t - gt 2
2 A

1 H
y = 3(4) - (9.81)(4)2
2
y = - 66.48 m. y

Neg. means below the

C
point of released.
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 16
A 50 kg nail box rest on the top of the smooth ramp whose length is 3 m. and whose height
is 0.80 m. How long will it take for the box to slide to the bottom of the ram when released?

Solution: 50 kg
Sin θ = 0.80
3 t
W Sin θ = ma
W ( 0.80
3 ) = 9.81 a
W
0.8m
3m

a = 2.616 m/s 2
S = V1t + 1
2 at 2 W

3 = 0 + 21 (2.616)t 2
ma
t = 1.514 sec.

PROBLEM 17
A pulley system is used to lift a 1000 N block of stone a distance of 10 m. by the application
of a force of 150 N for a distance of 80 m. Find the efficiency of the pulley system.
Solution:
F
A.M.A. = o (actual mechanical advantage)
Fi
1000
A.M.A. = = 6.67
150
S 80
I.M.A. = i = = 8.0 (ideal mechanical advantage)
So 10
A.M.A. 6.67
Efficiency = = = 0.834
I.M.A. 8.0
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 18
A pendulum makes 90 vibrations in one minute. Determine the frequency.

Solution:
1(60)
T= = 0.6667 sec.
90
1
Frequency = = 1.5 Hz
T

PROBLEM 19
Find the horsepower expended when a force of 3760 N raises an object a distance
of 4.73 m. in 35 sec.

Solution:
FxS
P=
t
3760(4.73)
P=
35
P = 508.14 watts
508.14
P=
746
P = 0.68 hp
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 20
A mine is for sale. A mining engineer estimates that, at current production levels, the mine
will yield an annual net income of P80,000 for 15 years, after which the mineral will be
exhausted. If an investor’s MARR is 15%, what is the maximum amount he can bid on this
property?
(MARR = min. attractive rate of return)

Solution: 0 1 2 3 4 15
n
A[(1 + i) - 1]
P=
(1 + i)n i A A A A A
800 ⎡⎣(1.15)15 - 1⎤⎦
P=
(1.15)15 (0.15) P
P = P467,789.61

PROBLEM 21
A contractor can buy dump trucks for P800,000 each (surplus) or rent them for P1189 per
truck per day. The truck has a salvage value of P100,000 at the end of its useful life of 5
years. Annual cost of maintenance is P20,000. If money is worth 14% per annum, determine
the number of days per year that a truck must be used to warrant the purchase of the truck.
Solution:
Annual cost if you buy the truck:
(FC - SV)i
Annual cost = (FC)i + + O.C.
(1 + i)n - 1
(800000 - 100000)
Annual cost = 800000(0.14) + + 20000
(1.14)5 - 1
Annual cost = P237,898
Annual cost if you rent a truck = 1189x
1189x = 237,898
x = 200 days
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 22
An electric replacement pump is being considered for purchase. It is capable of providing
200 hp. The pertinent data are as follows:
Cost = P3200
Maintenance Cost per year = P50
Electric efficiency = 0.85
Life expectancy = 14 years
The pump is used for 400 hours per year and the cost of electricity is P0.04 per kilowatt-hour
(1 horsepower = 0.746 KW). Assuming the pump will have no salvage value, what will be the
monthly cost?

Solution:
400(0.04)(200)(0.746)
Annual cost = + 50
0.85
Annual cost = P2858.47
2858.47
Monthly cost = =P238.20
12
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 23
Point P is between points Q and R. The distances of Q and R from point P
are 1000 m and 2000 m, respectively. Measured from point P, the angle of
elevation of point R is 8˚ 30’, while that of point Q is θ. The difference in the
elevations of Q and R is 44.4 m, with R being lower than Q. Considering the
effects of curvature and refraction, the value of θ is nearest to:
Solution:
hc1 = 0.0675(1)2
hc1 = 0.0675
hc2 = 0.0675(2)2
B
hc2 = 0.27 m.
h2 C 44.4
tan 8.5˚ = h1
8˚30’
2000
h2 = 298.902 1000m A 2000m h2
hc r1 hc r2
h1
tan θ =
1000
h1 = 1000 tan θ

h1 + hc1 = hc2 + h2 + 44.44

1000 tan θ + 0.0675 = 0.27 + 298.902 + 44.44
θ = 18.96˚
θ = 18˚57.6’
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 

PROBLEM 24
In 1985, the magnetic bearing of line AB was N. 16˚40’ W. and the magnetic
declination at that time was 1˚15’ E. If the secular variation per year is 03’E,
what would be the magnetic bearing of the line in 1998?
Solution:
TN TN
True bearing of AB: MN old MN
B B
AB = 16˚40’ – 1˚15’ 1˚15’
new MN

AB = N 15˚25’ W
1˚15’
15˚25’ 16˚40’ 39’

16˚40’ 15˚25’
1˚54’
A A
N 17˚19’ W

1985 1998

PROBLEM 25
An engineers level uses a level tube with a radius of curvature of 4 m.
If during observation, the bubble is off centered though 4 spaces, what
error on observed vertical distance on a station 120 m. away if one
space on the tube is 0.5 mm long?
Solution:
D = 0.5(4)
D = 2 mm D
D = 0.002 m. L=120

D S S
= R
R L R
0.002 S
=
4 120
S = 0.06 m.
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 26
The area bounded by the waterline of a reservoir and the contours at
an interval of 1.7 m. are as follows: A1 = 15,430 m2; A2 = 12,980 m2,
A3 = 10,650 m2, A4 = 8,540 m2, A5 5,270 m2, and A6 = 2,180 m2.
Calculate the volume of the reservoir by prismoidal formula in cu.m.

Solution: A 1 =15,430
L A 2 =12,980 1.7
V= ⎡ A + 4A m + A 2 ⎤⎦
6 ⎣ 1 A 3 =10,650 1.7
L = 2(1.7) = 3.4 m A 4 =8,540 1.7
3.4 A 5 =5,270 1.7
V1 = [15,430 + 4(12,980) + 10,650] A 6 =2,180 1.7
6
V1 = 44200
3.4
V2 = [10,650 + 4(8,540) + 5,270] = 28378.67
6
⎛ 5,270 + 2,180 ⎞
V3 = ⎜ ⎟⎠ (1.7) = 6332.5
⎝ 2
V = V1 + V2 + V3
V = 78,911.17 m3
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 27
With the transit at point B and the line of sight horizontal, the stadia intercept
at C is 1.15 m. If the stadia interval factor is 100.32 and the stadia constant
is 0.30, find the distance BC.

Solution:
f
D = S + (f + c)
i
D = 100.32(1.15) + 0.30 = 115.668 m.

PROBLEM 28
For the 2009 Major League Baseball season, the following linear equation describes the
relationship between a team’s payroll x (in millions of dollars) and the number of games y
that team won during the regular season. y = 0.096x + 72.81

a. Based on data from Major League Baseball and USA today, how many games would
have been won during the 2009 season by a team with a payroll of $90 million?
Solution:
y = 0.096x + 72.81
y = 0.096(90) + 72.81
y = 81.45 say 82 games

b. What payroll would have been necessary in 2009 to have won 95 games during this
season?
Solution:
95 = 0.096x + 72.81
x = 231.15 say $232 million
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 29
The measure of the largest angle of a triangle is 40˚ more than the measure of the smallest
angle, and the measure of the remaining angle is 20˚ more than the measure of the smallest
angle. Find the measure of each angle.
Solution:
largest = a
smallest = b
remaining = c

a = 40 + b
a – b = 40 ➊
c = 20 + b
- b + c = 20 ➋
a + b + c = 180 ➌

∴a = 80˚
b = 40˚
c = 60˚

PROBLEM 30
Find the value of a, b, and c such that the equation y = ax2 + bx + c has ordered pair
solutions (1, 6), (-1, -2), and (0, -1) to do so, substitute each ordered pair solution into the
equation. Each time, the result is an equation in three unknowns: a, b, and c. Solve the
resulting system of three linear equations in three unknowns a, b, and c.
Solution:
a(1)2 + b(1) + c = 6
a+b+c=6 ➊
a(- 1)2 + b(- 1) + c = - 2
a–b+c=-2 ➋
a(0)2 + b(0) + c = - 1
c=-1 ➌

∴a = 3
b=4
c=-1
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 31
The sum of the measures of the angles of a quadrilateral is 360˚. The two smallest angels of
the quadrilateral have the same measure. The third angle measure 30˚ more than the
measure of one of the smallest angles and the fourth angle measures 50˚ more than the
measure of one of the smallest angles. Find the measure of each angle.
Solution:
a = two smallest angles
b = third angle
c = fourth angle

2a + b + c = 360˚ ➊
b = a + 30
- a + b = 30 ➋
c = a + 50
- a + c = 50 ➌

∴a = 70˚
b = 100˚
c = 120˚

PROBLEM 32
The perimeter of an isosceles (two sides equal) triangle is 73 centimeters. If the unequal side
is 7 centimeters longer than the two equal sides, find the lengths of the three sides.
Solution:
Let a = two equal side
b = unequal side

2a + b = 73 ➊
b=a+7
-a+b=7 ➋

∴a = 22 cm
b = 29 cm
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 33
The total revenues (in dollars) for an art supply company to sell x boxes of colored pencils
per week over the internet is given by the polynomial function R(x) = 11x. Find the total
revenue from selling 1500 boxes of colored pencils.
Solution:
R(x) = 11x
R(1500) = 11(1500)
R = $16,500

PROBLEM 34
If the cost, C(x), for manufacturing x units of a certain product is given by C(x) = x2 – 15x +
50, find the number of units manufactured at a cost of $9500.
Solution:
C(x) = x2 – 15x + 50
9500 = x2 – 15x + 50
x1 = 105 x2 = - 90
∴x = 105 units

PROBLEM 35
The velocity of propagation of wave during the typhoon Ondoy is equal to 120 kph at a
certain point in the Pacific Ocean. Determine the approximate depth of the ocean at that
particular point.

Solution:
120
V= = 33.33 m/s
3.6
V = 1.249 L
33.33 = 1.249 L
L = 712.11 mm
L
d=
2
712.11
d= = 356 m
2
d = 0.356 km
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 36

The following data were taken on five vehicles traveling a 1.5 km portion of the NLEX.

Vehicles Time(minute)

1 1.2
2 1.0
3 1.4
4 1.3
5 1.1

Determine the space mean speed in kph.

Solution:
Distance
µs =
Ave. time
1.2 + 1.0 + 1.4 + 1.3 + 1.1
Average time =
5
Average time = 1.2 minutes

1.5
µs = (60)
1.2
µs = 75 kph
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 37
Vehicles arrived at the entrance of San Juanico Bridge in Tacloban at a rate of 180
vehicles per hour. Vehicles must stop at the tollgate where vehicles will have to pay a
toll fee upon entering the bridge. It would take 15 sec. per vehicle for the attendant to
issue a trip ticket. Compute the traffic intensity at the bridge.

Solution:
Arrival rate :
180
λ= = 3 veh/min.
60
60
Average dep. rate µ = = 4 veh/min.
15
3
Traffic intensity = = 0.75
4
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 38
A descending grade of 4.2% intersects an ascending grade of 3% at sta. 12 + 325 at
elevation 14.2 m. These two grades are to be connected by a 260 m. vertical parabolic
curve. A r einforced concrete culvert pipe with overall diameter of 105 cm. is to be
constructed with its top 30 cm. below the subgrade. What will be the invert elevation
of the culvert?
130 130
lowest point of curve
P.C. P.T.
Solution: 3%
g1 = 0.3m g 2 =+
By ratio and proportion : -4.
2% 1.05 m
0.042 0.03
= 12+325 Culvert
260 - S S Elev. 14.2
0.072S = 260(0.03)
S = 108.33 260
lowest point
P.C. of curve P.T.
h
h = area of shaded section =+
3%
g1 = 0.3m g 2
-4.
2% 1.05 m
0.03(108.33)
h=
2 12+325
Invert Elev.
Elev. 14.2

h = 1.625 +0.03
260-S
Elev. P.T. = 14.2 + 0.03(130) S=108.33

Elev. P.T. = 18.10

0.042 Lowest point of curve
Elev. of A = 18.10 - 1.625 A El. 16.47
0.30 m
Elev. of A = 16.475 m.
1.35 m
1.05 m
Elevation of invert of culvert = 16.475 - 0.3 - 1.05
Elevation of invert of culvert = 15.12 m invert elevation
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 39
The table shows a 15 minute volume counts during the peak hour on an approach
of an intersection.

Time Volume of Traffic

6:00 - 6:15 PM 375
6:15 - 6:30 PM 380
6:30 - 6:45 PM 412
6:45 - 7:00 PM 390

Determine the peak hour factor.

Solution:
Peak hour volume
Vol. = 375 + 380 + 412 + 390
Vol. = 1557

Peak hour factor

Vol. during peak hour
PHF =
60 (Vol. during peak 15 min.
x
15 within peak hour)

1557
PHF = = 0.945
60
(412)
15
ADDITIONAL  COACHING  NOTES  
 
PROBLEM 40
The coordinate axes are asymptotes of the equilateral hyperbola whose
vertex in the first quadrant is 3 2 units from the origin. What is the
equation of the hyperbola?
SOLUTION:
a 2 = 2 xy y

a=3 2

(3 2 )
2
= 2 xy
9(2) = 2 xy x
a
xy = 9 a
a
a