Chapter 10 TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES FUNDAMENTAL LAW OF TRIGONOMETRY Let , B any two angles (real number), then cos (af) = cos cos B + sin asin B. DEDUCTIONS FROM FUNDAMENTAL LAW cos(3-p) = sinB _ cos($+a) = -sina x sin{ F+a] = cosa cos (a +B) = cos «cos B — sin a sin B sin (& +) = sin acos B + cos a sin B sin (&—B) = sin «cos B — cos a sin B tan + tan fb an (a +B) = tan (a+ B) 1-tan a tanp tan a. —tan tan (a—B) = T+ tan atan B DOUBLE ANGLE IDENTITIES (i) sin2a@ = 2sinacosa (i) cos 24 = cos’ asin’ a = 2cos*a—1 = 1-2sin’ a (Lahore Board 2005) 2tana (iii) tan2a = 1—tan” a TRIPLE ANGLE IDENTITIES sin3a = 3sina—4sina (Gujranwala Board 2005)J cos 3a = 4cos a—3 cosa 3 Stan @ tan” a an 3 tanga = TS tana HALF ANGLE IDENTITIES 1+ cos @ =+ > nis o 1 cos @ tan 5 = + [7 2 1 + cos SUM, DIFFERENCE & PRODUCT OF SINES & COSINES 2sin acos B = sin (a +f) + sin (AB) 2cos «sin B = sin (+B) ~sin (a —B) 2. cos «cos B = cos (a +B) + cos (%—B) —2 sin asin B = cos (a +P) —cos (a) and sin P4sin Q = 2sin? 52 cos P=2 sin P-sinQ = 2 cos P*2 sin P=@ cos P+c0s Q = 20s £2 cos PER cos P—cos Q = 2sin EES sin P52 where P=a+B , Q=a-B EXERCISE 10.1 Q.1 Without using the table, find values of: Solution: (i) sin(-780°) (ii) cot(-855°) (iii) cosec(2040°) (iv) see(-960°) (vy) tan(1110°) (vi) sin(-300°)780° =sin (780°) (i) -cot 855° Solution: 855° ~cot (855°) (iii) ese (2040°) Solution: 2040° Apply “esc” both side esc (2040°) 8 x 90° + 60° —sin(8 x 90° + 60°) —sin 60° 3 2 9 x 90° + 45° —cot (9 x 90° + 45°) —cot 45° -—-) 1 22 x 90° + 60° esc (22 x 90° + 60°) —ese 60° 2 B oS) 958° (6 sie 45° DS) a1 {Z HORS?” aD For Quadrant 2 ae aie =1 R Note: (i) When R = 0, then quad. I or IV (ii) When R= 1, then quad. Hor I (iii) | When R = 2, then quad. III or IT (iv) | When R = 3, then quad. IV or III(iv) Solution: sec(—960°) = sec(960°) 960° = 10 x 90° + 60° Apply “sec” both sides. secf(780°) = sec(10 x 90° + 60°) sec 60° = 2 (vy) tan 1110° Solution: Ir = 12 x 90° + 30 Apply ‘tan’ both sides. tan (1110°) = tan (12 x 90° + 30°) = tan30° = 5 oS) oa ( +4900” aS 960° oy = 10.666 We take only 10. For Quadrant 4f 10 8 2>R ~ on Li10° 90° = 120 We take only 12. For Quadrant 4 2/2 12 OFR os(vi) sin(—300") = Solution: 300° = 3 x 90° + 30° Apply *-sin’ both sides — sin(300°) = — sin (3 x 90° + 30°) = —cos 30° Angle is in I quadrant cos is the in IV quadrant. So (8) 8 mw 2) = @ Q.2 s each of the following as a trigonometric function of an angle of degree measure of less than 45°, (i) sin 196° (ii) cos 147° (iii) sin 319° (iv) cos 254° (vy) tan 294° (vi) cos 728° (vii) sin (— 625°) (viii) cos (— 435°) (ix) sin (150°) Solution: () sin 196° = sin (180° + 16°) = sin 180° cos 16° + cos 180° sin 16° [sin (a+) = sin cos B + cos a sin B = 0xcos 16° +(— 1) sin 16° Alternative Method: = -sin 16° sin 196° = sin (180° + 16°) = sin [2(90°) + 16°] = —sinld?(iii) (iv) (vy) (vi) cos 147" = cos (180° — 33°) cos (a —f) = cos f cos f + sino sin B = cos 180° cos 33° + sin 180° sin 33° = —1Xcos 33° + 0x sin 33° = —cos 33° sin 319° = sin (360° —41°) = sin 360° cos 41° ~ sin 41° cos 360° = 0xcos 41°—sin 41°x 1 = -sin 41° cos 254° cos (270° — 16°) = cos 270° cos 16° + sin 270° sin 16° = 0x cos 16° +(- 1) x sin 16° = ~sin 16° tan 294° tan 294° = tan (270° + 24°) = tan [3(90°) + 24°] = cot 24° cos 728° cos 728° = cos(720° + 8°) = cos [8(90°) + 8°] = cos 8° Alternative Method: cos 147° = cos (180° 3°) cos [2(90°) - 33°] a Alternative Method: sin 319° = sin (360°- 41°) = sin [4(90°) - 41°] = -sin 41° Alternative Method: = cos (270° — 16°) = cos [3(90°) — 16°] = -sin 16°sin (— 625") sin (625°) = cos (— 435°) cos (-435) = -sin 625° —sin (630° — 5°) —sin [7(90°) — 5°] —(-cos 5°) cos 5° cos 435° cos (450° — 15°) cos [5(90°) — 15°] = sin 15° (ix) sin 150° Alternative Method: = sin (180° — 30°) sin 150° = sin(180° — 30°) = sin 180° cos 30° — sin 30° cos 180° = sin [2(90°) — 30°] = 0x cos 30°—sin 30° (- 1) = sin 30° = sin 30° Q.3 Prove the following: (0) sin (180° + c) sin (90° - a) = -sin a cos a (ii) sin 780°sin 480°+ cos 120° sin 30° = i (iii) cos 306°+ cos 234°+ cos 162°+ cos 18° = 0 (iv) cos 330°sin 600°+ cos 120°sin 150° = - 1 Solution: @ sin (180° + a) sin (90° — a) = sin a cos a L.H.S. = sin (180°+ a) sin (90°— a) [sin 180° cos a + cos 180° sin a] [sin 90° cos a ~ cos 90° sin a] = [0xcosa+(— 1) sin a] [1 x cos a—0x sin a] = (-sin a) (cos a)(ii) (iii) = —sin @ cos & = RHS. — Hence proved. Alternative Method: LHS = sin(180° + a) sin(90° ~ a) = sin[2(90°) + at] sin (90° — cx) = (-sina)(cosa) = —sinc cosa 1 sin 780° sin 480° + cos 120° sin 30° = 5 L.H.S. = sin 780°sin 480°+ cos 120°sin 30° 3 a) Sin 780° = sin (720° + 60°) sin 480° = sin(450° + 30°) = sin [8(90°) + 60°] sin [5(90°) + 30°] = sin 60° cos 30° cos 120° = cos (180° - 60°) = cos [2(90°) ~ 60°] = —cos 60° L.H.S. = sin 780° sin 480° + cos 120° sin 30° = sin 60° cos30° + (-cos 60°) sin 30° - HO-OG -3_1 = 474 = 3ct 2 . =4 =} =RHS 5 -® cos 306” + cos 234° + cos 162° + cos 18° = 0 LHS. = cos 306° + cos 234° + cos 162° + cos 18” = cos (360° — 54°) + cos (180° + 54°) + cos (180° — 18°) + cos 18° ©. cos (2m—0) = cos 0 = cos 54°—cos 54° — cos 18° + cos 18° cos (x +0) = —cos 0 cos (x= 0) = —cos 0(iv) cos 330° sin 600" + cos 120° sin 150° = —1 L.H.S. = cos 330° sin 600° + cos 120° sin 150° 208 (360° — 30°) sin (540° + 60°) + cos (180° — 60°) sin (180° — 30°) cos[4(90°) — 30°] sin[6(90°) + 60°] + cos[2(90°) — 60°] sin[2(90°) — 30°] = cos 30° (- sin 60°) + (cos 60°) sin 30° Q.4 Prove that 3 sin? x +0) tan (240 | wi ec cos 8 cot? (326 J cos? (m—®) cosec (2m — 0) ae cos (90° + 8) sec (- 8) tan (180°-6) 1 (Sec (360° — 6) sin (180° + 8) cot (90° 8) = ~ Solution: sin® x +0) tan (3240 ) @ «cos cot? (326 J cos? (m—8) cosec (2m — 0) 2 3a ) sin? (+0) tan( "+0 ) LHS. = = 0 ) cos x ) cosee (22 — 0) [sin (x +0)” tan ( = +6) 3n y 2 [cot (0 i [cos (x — 0)|° cosee (22 - 8) (sin 6) cot 0) (tan 8)" (— cos 8)” (— cosee 6) no) ee —tan” 8 cos” 6 cosec 8sin 8 cos 0 al cos?@°% 9 -5ing __ sin 8 cos 0 = “sind = cos0 = RHS. Hence proved cos (90° + 8) sec (— 6) tan (180° —8) sec (360° — 6) sin (180° + 8) cot (90°— 6) ~~ (ii) cos (90" + 0) sec (~ 8) tan 180° — 6) sec (360" — 6) sin (180° + 8) cot (90° — 0) x =sin 0 see @ tan 0) on($ +0) = sino sec 6 (— sin 8) tan 0 cos (8) = cos tan(z—6) = —tan@ LHS. = +1 . = F7=-1= RAS. Q.5 If a, B,y are the angles of a triangle ABC, then prove that (i) sin(a +B) = siny (i) cos( 2+8 ) = sink (iii) cos (a + B) =— cosy (iv) tan(a+B)+tany=0 Solution: (i) sin (a +B) = siny Fora triangle ABC we know that a+fp+y = 180° a+B = 180°-y sin (a +B) = sin (180°-y) = siny (-. sin (a 6) = sin) Hence proved.(ii) so (iii) so (iv) Since o, B.y are angles of triangle ABC a+B+y = 180° a+ = 180°-y o+B — 180°-y opt 27 2)" 3 cos (248) = cos ( 90° 4) won ( 242 x * ) = sin} Hence proved cos (a +B) = —cosy since a, 8.7 are angles of triangle a+B+y = 180° at+B = 180°-y cos (@ +B) = cos (180°—y) cos (a +B) = —cosy — Hence proved. tan(a+B)+tany = 0 since @, B,y are angles of triangle so a+B+y = 180° a+P = 180° taking tan on both sides tan (a +P) = tan (180°—y) = —tany tan (a+f)+tany = 0 Hence proved.EXERCISE 10.2 Prove that sin (180 +0) = -sin®@ cos (180° + 0) = —cos @ tan (270°-6 cot 0 cos (8 — 180°) = —cos 0 cos (270° +) = sin® (Lahore Board 2009) sin (0 + 270°) = —cos 0 tan (180° + 6) = tan® cos (360° —6) = cos 6 Solution: i) sin (180 + 6) = —sin® LHS = sin (180° +6)= sin 180° cos 6 + cos 180° sin ® = 0x cos 0+(-1) sin® = -sin0 = RHS. Hence proved. (ii) cos (180° +) = —cos 0 L.H.S. = cos (180° +0) = cos 180° cos 0 ~ sin 180° sin ® = —1xcos~(0)xsin® cos @ = RS. Hence proved. (iii) tan (270° 6) = cot 0 L.H.S. = tan (270°-6) sin (270° - 6) cos (270° — 0) sin 270° cos 6 — sin 0 cos 270° cos 270° cos 6 + sin 270° sin ® cos 8 sin 8 = cot® = R.HS. Hence proved.(iv) (vi) (vii) (viii) cos (8 — 180") = — cos 0 L.H.S. = cos (8 — 180°) = cos 0 cos 180° + sin 0 sin 180° = ~cos0 = RWS. Hence proved. cos (270° + 6) = sin ® (Lahore Board 2009) L.H.S. = cos (270" +0) = cos 270° cos 0 — sin 270° sin 0 = 0X (cos 6)—(— 1) sin® = sin® = RAS. Hence proved. sin (0 + 270°) = —cos@ L.H.S. = sin (8 + 270°) sin 0 cos 270° + cos 0 sin 270° sin 8 X 0+ cos 6 (- 1) = —cos0 = RAS. Hence proved. tan (180° + 6) = tan® L.H.S. = tan (180° +0) tan 180° + tan 0. 1 tan 180° tan 0 O+tan® — tan To p= tan = RA Hence proved. cos (360° — 0) = cos 0 LLS. = cos (360° — 0) = cos 360° cos 0 + sin 360° sin 0 = 1xXcos0+0Xsin® = cos® = R.H.S. Hence proved.(iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) cos (0 — 180°) = —cos 0 L.H.S. = cos (0 ~ 180°) = cos 0 cos 180° + sin 6 sin 180° = -cos@ = RHS. Hence proved. cos (270° + 8) = sin® (Lahore Board 2009) LI = cos (270° + 0) = cos 270° cos @— sin 270° sin 8 = 0x (cos 6)—(— 1) sin® sin® = R.H.S. u Hence proved. sin (0 + 270°) = —cos 0 LHS. = sin (0 +270) = sin 0 cos 270° + cos 6 sin 270° = sin@x0+cos0(— 1) = —cos@ = R.H.S. Hence proved. tan (180° +6) = tan0 LHS. = tan (180°+6) an 180° + tan 6 1 tan 180° tan 0 O+tanO — tand Tor = a = tan@ = R.HS. Hence proved. cos (360° —6) = cos 6 L.H.S. = cos (360°—0) = cos 360° cos 0 + sin 360° sin 8 = 1xXcos6+0Xsin® = cos0 = R.HS. Hence proved._ B+! , =p A Q.3 Prove that 1 (0) sin (45° + a) = 2 (sin o& + cos a) (i) (+459) = Kee a—sin a) ii) cos = pg cos a— sin Solution: (i) sin (45° +a) = fy fein + co a) LHS. = sin (45°+ 0) = sin 45° cos a + cos 45° sin & cS 4 = Freosa+ sp sina = icon esin = RHS. Hence proved 1 ii cos (a + 45°) = = (cos asin a id) ( ) 2 ( ) LHS. = cos (a +45°) = cos a cos 45° ~ sin ot sin 45° 1 = cosa 1 4 = {py (eos asin a) = R.HS. Hence proved. Q4 Prove that tan 105" = tan (60° + 45°) _ tan 60° + tan ~ 1 tan 60° tan 45° (i) tan (45° + A) tan (45°- A) = 1 (ii) tan( 4-0) + tan 2 +0} 0sin{ 0+7)+.cos( 0+ | = cos 0 sin 0—cos 6. tan $ on: 2 : 8 (iv) tan 5 cos 6 + sin @. tan 1-tan@tangd — cos(0 +9) ©) T¥tanOtan 6 = cos(-6) Solution: (i) tan (45° + A) tan (45°- A) = 1 LHS. = tan (45° + A) tan (45°~ A) tan 45°+tan A. _tan 45°—tan A 1—tan 45° tan A“ 1 + tan 45° tan A l+tanA 1—tanA ~ J-tanA* 1 +tan A 1=RHS. Hence proved. (ii) tan( 3-0) +tan( 340) =0 LHLS. z 3a tang-tan@ tan“ + tan _ 1+tanZtan@ 1 —tan tan 0 4 I-tan@ —1+tan@ = T+tan0* T+tan0 1 tan @— 1+ tan 6 T+tan0 0 * T+tan® = 0=RHS. Hence proved. (iii) sin( 0 +2) +cos( 0 +2) = cos 0 LHS. = sin( 042) +cos(0+2)(iv) (vy) r 1 1 in 8 +5 cos 0 +5 cos O = cos6 = RES. Hence proved. . 8 sin 6 — cos 6. tan 5 0 7 = tan cos + sin @. tan 0 R.H.S. = tan > 8 = un(o-$) @ snd 0 tan @ tan 5 eo tan 9 2 LetnOtn5 14= Frans, cos 0 8 1 0 cos 0 tan $ = >? = LHS. cos 6 + sin tan 5 Hence proved. 1-tanO tang _ cos (0+) 1+tan@ tan ~ cos (0-4) cos (0 + >) LHS. = 0-6 nO sin = cos 0 cos p+ sin 0 sin 6 t | sin 0 cos § + c0s 0 sin& | +] cos 0 cos$ —sin 0 sin | 3 3 (sino +cosot)+ (cose sino) sin@ Alternative Method: sin@ — cos® tan 6/2 LHS = Cos0 + sin® tan 6/2 . sin 6/2 sin@ — cos® con sin 0/2 cos 0/2 cos8 + sin® sin@ cos 6/2 ~ cos@ sin 6/2 cos8 cos 6/2 + sin@ sin 6/2 sin(@— 0/2) _ sin 6/2 cos(0 — 6/2) ~ cos 6/2 = tan 6/2 = RS Alternative Method: 1 ~tan@ tand LHS = 1ytano tandDividing up & down by cos @ cos sind sind cos 8 cos sin 6 sin = 08 cos 0 cos 0 cos b cos 0 cos sin @ sin cos 0 cos * cos 0 cos cos8 cos® 1 in 8 tan ee a) 7 cos0 cos® + sin® sind 1+tan 6 tan > eras cos0 cos0 L.H.S. Hence proved. Q.5 Show that cos (a + B) cos (a—B) = cos? a—sin?B = cos” B-sin’ a Solution: LHS. = cos (a+) cos (a—B) = (cos a cos B ~ sin « sin B) (cos & cos f + sin a sin B) > sin ot sin B)” = (cos a cos 2 ne = cos” a cos” B sin” a. sin” B cos” ot (1 — sin? B) — (1 — cos? @) sin? B = cos” a— cos” a sin” B — sin B + cos” a sin’ B Again, LHS. = cos (a +B) cos (a) = (cos « cos B — sin a sin B) (cos «cos B + sin ain B) = (cos acos B)° — (sin a sin BY? = cos” acos” B sin? a sin? B = (1—sin? @) cos? B - sin’ a (1 — cos” B) = cos” B ~ sin? a cos” B — sin? a + sin” a cos? B ~sin’ a = RAS.Q.6 Show that sin (a + B) + sin (a — 6) cos (a + B) + cos (a B) ~ fan a Solution: sin (@ + B) + sin (a—B) cos (& + B) + cos (a — B) LHS. = cos a cos f— sin a sin B + cos a cos f+ sin a sin B 2 sin ac 2singcOsB ing = RHS 2 cos a cos B Hence proved. Q.7 Show that cot a cot cot a + cot B (i) cot(a+B) = cos a cos B +1 cos B—cos @ tana+tanB — sin(a+ 8) tana-—tanB ~ sin (a—B) (ii) cot (a—B) (iii) Solution: cot a cot B-1 (cot +B) = Cotas cot cos (a+) | Alternative Method: LHS. = cot(a+B) = sin (a +B) a cota: cot cos a cos f ~ sina sin B mee cota + cotfs = sin a cos B + cos a sin oe Dividing up & down by sin asin B __sinot_sinf cos acosf sina sin B cosa. cos sinasinB —sinasinB sina © sin = Sin acosB _ cos a sin B cose cos ~ sinex sin oe : sin asin B * sin asin B sina sinB 7 OS sinB + sin cosp cot a cot I caso. an = noe sina. sinB cot fb + cot a _ cotacot B= 1 = SOB) _oot(a+B) = LHS cot a + cot B sin(a+B) = R.HS. Hence provedQ6 Showthat S2t&+)+sm (a—p) cos (a + B) + cos (a — B) = tana Solution: si 8 sa Lus, = Si(a+B)+sin(a—p) ~ cos (a + B) + cos (a —B) cos a cos f — sin a sin B + cos cos f+ sin a sin B 2 sin @cos B = CO = tana = RAS 2cos a cos B Hence proved. Q.7_— Show that cot a cot cot a + cot B (i) cot(a+B) = cos a cos B +1 cos B — cos a tana+tanB — sin(a+ 8) (ii) cot (a—B) ii = = ( tana—tanB ~ sin(a-B) Solution: cot a cot B-1 i) cot (a+) = @ {e+ B) = tareotp cos (a+) | Alternative Method: LHS. = cot (a+) = Se+B sin (a +B) RHS cota cot _ cos a cos B ~ sina sin B = doin cap sin @ cos B + cos a sin fo. Dividing up & down by sin a sinB _ sina sinB cos acosf sina sin B cosa. | cos sinasinB —sinasinB sina." sinB ~ SinacosB | cos asinB cosa. cos ~ sinc. sin sin asin B * sin asin B — sina sinB cot a.cot B—1 cosa. sin’ + sina. cos, = sina. sinB cot B + cot a cota cot B—1 = 225+B) oot(a+f) = LHS cot a + cot B sina) RHS. Hence provedQ.6 Show that S2te+b)+sin ta“ f) cos (a + B) + cos (a — B) = tana Solution: si 8 sa Lug, - Sn(a+B)+ sin (a8) ~ cos (a + B) + cos (a —B) cos a cos f — sin a sin B + cos a cos f+ sin a sin B 2 sin cos B = SSR ACOSE = tana = RHS 2 cos a cos f Hence proved. Q.7 Show that cot a cot cot a + cot B (i) cot(a+B) = cos a cos B + 1 cos B — cos @ tana+tanB — sin(a+) (ii) cot (a—B) a tana—tanB ~ sin (a—B) Solution: 7 7 _ cot a cot B-1 @ cot (+B) = “Cot a + cotB LHS. = cot (a+) = cos(a+f) | Alternative Method: sin (a +B) ore cote. cot _ cos & cos B ~ sin @ sin B me cota + corp ~ sin a.cos B + cos « sin B cose: Dividing up & down by sin a sinB __sina_sinB cos acosB sina sinB cosa. | cosB sinasinB sina sinB sina * sinB ~ sini cosB _ cos sin B cose. cosf ~ sina: sin, sina sinB ~ sinasinB sina. sinB 2 sc sin + sina cos| cot e cot B— 1 coset sin + sina: cosp cot B + cot a sina sinB ent ct 01 cos( cut} cot «cot B= 1 = ASB) or(oap) = LHS cot a + cot B sin(a+B) RS. Hence provedx 4 iz Q9 If sina. = 5 and sinB = 73 where 5 a isin Il Quadrant) 16 2: 16 cosa = Vi-sin?a =\/1-55 = 6. 4/3 3 cos 6 = = (+. of is in I Quadrant) 5 12 sinp = 55 x 144 169 — 144 25 cosB = Vi-sin"B = [1-19 =\f-qe = Vie = 5 cos = FF (as B lie in Mt Quadrant). we know sin (a +) = sin a cos f +cos ot sin B 4 36 20— 36 Se Ans. (i) cos (a +B) = cos a. cos B — sin a: sin B 48 15-48-33 65 = 65 = 5 Ans. (ii) sin(a +B) 56 = cos(a+B) = =33= 33 AMS (iv) sin (a-B) = sin acos B — cos « sin B 4 20 36 _ =20+36 16 ig (05 G5) gs 2 Gs(vy) cos (a—B) = cos @ cos B + sin asin B (vi) tan (a—B) 16, _ sin(a—B) _ 65 ~ cos (a—f) ~ 63 65 tan (a —B) = 4 Ans, Since sin (a—B), cos (a), tan (4 —P) are all +ve, so terminal side of (a—B) is in 1 Quadrant. Now sin (a +) is — ve, cos (a+) is —ve and tan (a+) is +ve. Thus terminal side of @ +B isin I Quadrant. Q.10 Find sin (a +B) and cos (a +B) given that 3 5 @ tana = 4, cosB = 73 and neither the terminal side of angle of measure nor that of B in I quadrant. (Lahore Board 2005) 15 a (ii) tana = — 18° sinB = - 25 and neither the terminal side of the angle of measure a nor B isin the IV quadrant. Solution: : aS @ tana =4 ana=2 => ciao tana => => cota=3 i.e. is + ve, so terminal side in the II Quadrant we know that 9 16+9 5 seca = i+tan™a =\/1+7¢=/-Ge -\/2- > cosa =(ii) 12 cosec ot = sinB = 75 Now sin (a +B) =3 ao 33 sin (a+) 6 Ans. cos (a +B) = cos a cos B — sin a sin B cos (a+) = Ans. 1, 7 . . . tana = — qg> sin p=- 25 and neither the terminal side of the angle of measure @ nor B is in the IV quadrant. 8 15 tuna = > > cota = 75 since tan is — ve. Thus terminal side in the I] Quadrant 225 a seca = Vi+tan a =\/1+ ep | —8 seca = > cosa = 77 64 289 — 64 sina. = V1 —cos'a = \/1-395 = \ {a9 =\/2 ina 213 sina = 8 a 3(ii) Now sin (a+) = sin(a+B) = G3] Ans. cos (a +B) = cos a cos B sin & sinB cos (a+) = 15 T tana = - 4, sinB = — 25 and neither the terminal side of the angle of measure @ nor B is in the IV quadrant. 15 lana = > => cota = 75 since tan is — ve. Thus terminal side in the I] Quadrant 5 + 235 seca = Vi+tana = 14223 = 4 Lise _ sec a = > cosa 17 [,_ 64 [289 —64 sina = V1 = cos” a = \/1- 385 = 289 15 sing = rr]Q.12 Ifa, B,7 are the angles of a triangle ABC, show that cot $ + cot 8 +eot} = cot F cot 8 cot 5 (Lahore Board 2004) Solution: Since o, B.7 are the angles of a triangle ABC a+tP+y = 180° qa) taking tan on both sides tan ($48) = tan (90°—£) a tan + tan = = cot ag = 80 1—tan 2 fan 2 os a cot > cot = cot 4 eee 2 1—cot 2 cot 2 a = cot 2 By a cot 5 cot 5 B oe oi Seca = en (ca $eor8-1 cu'S+eut = ax} (ca feo) B a a a B Y cots + cot 5 = cots cots cots — cot 5 Hence provedQA If a+B+y = 180°, show that cot a cot B + cot B cot y + cot y cot a = 1 (Gujranwala Board 2005) Solution: Q.14 a+B+y = 180° a+B = 180°-y taking tan on both sides tan (a +B) tan a+ tan T-tanatanB ~ tan (180° 7) ~tany cota +cotB cot acot B— 1 ~ coty cot y (cot @ + cot B) = — (cot « cot B— 1) cot acot y + cot B coty = —cot acot B +1 cot a cot y+ cot B cot y+ cot a cot = 1 Hence proved. Express the following in form y sin (6 + 6) where terminal sides of the angles of measure @ and @ are in first quadrant 12 sin 0 +5 cos0 (ii) 3 sin@-4 cos0 sin 8 — cos 0 (iv) Ssin@-4cos0 (Gujranwala Board 2007) (vy) sin @ + cos 0 (vi) 3 sin@—5 cos 0 Solution: @ 12 sin @ +5 cos 0 Since rsin(0 +6) = (sin O cos + cos 0 sin 6) = rsin@ cos +r cos @ sind Let reos@ = 12. rsing = 5 Squaring & adding P cos +r sin’ 6 = 144425r (cos + sin” o) = 169 r 169 > r=13 a ee tang = ore 13 12 sind +5 cosO = 73 (12 sind +5 cos0) 12 = 13 3 sind + B cos] =r (cosd sin + sind cos®) = rsin(O +p) 5 = | where @ = tan! 75 Ans. 3sin 0-4 cos 0 rsin (0-6) = rsin @ cos 6—rcos 0 sin Let reos$ = 300 estes @ rsin6= 4400 eee (ii) Taking square & adding Pos o+r sin’ 6 = 3) +44" (cos +sin 6)” = 9 +16 P22 > r=5 dividing (ii) by (i) rsing +4 reos$ ~ 3 4 tang = 3 7 3sin0 -4cos0 = 5 (3sin0 — 4cos0) 3 4 = 33 sind — 5 cos0) = 5(cosp sin — sind cos8) = rsin(@-0)(ili) (iv) (y) sin 0 —cos 0 rsin (0—$) = rsin@ cos —rcos @ sin > Let reos$= 100s i rsing = 1 7 Taking square of (i) & (ii) & adding P (cos > + sin’ 6) = 141 =2 r=\2 Dividing (ii) by (i) we have rsing reos @ > tan = 1 y2 sin(@—6) , tang = 1) Ans. 5sin 0-4 cos 6 rsin (0—) = rsinO cos pr sin} cos 0 Let reosd= 500 @ rsing=4 = aaveaeee i) Taking square & adding cos” + sin” 6) = ¢ r= Val Dividing (ii) by (i) rsing _ 4 reosg 5 4 tang = 5 Jal sin(@@— 6) , tang Ans. sin 0 + cos @ (Gujranwala Board 2007) rsin (0 +4) = rsin 0 cos +rcos 0 sino Let rcos$ = 1 rsing = 1‘Taking square of (1) & (11) & adding r (cos? +sin? 6) = 141 Dividing Gi) by (i) rsin@ rcos tang = 1 rsin (+4) = y2 sin(0+6) , tang = 1] Ans. (vi) 3sin@-Scos0 rsin (8—6) = rsin @ cos —rcos @ sin > Let rcos@ = 3 assenenee Ml) = = thew (ii) ing square & adding of (i) and (ii) (cos’ 6 + sin” 6) = 6) +B) rsin 6 rsin(0—) = V34sin(@—) , tang = 3 EXERCISE 10.3 Q.1 Find the values of sin 2a, cos 2a, and tan 2a when 2 1 @ sina = (i) tama = 3 Git) cosa = | where 0 ea sin 5 — cos 5 R.H.S. Hence proved.cosec 0 + 2 cosec 2 0 Qo = cot, sec 0 2 Q7 Solution: cosec 6 + 2 cosec 2 6 L.H.S. = oo 1 1 = (Seat 2guz0) eos 1 - (ca . + Fy) eo 0021) : = \Sin 0 cos 0 ) °° 28 6 cos" 5 cos > 2 sin 8 cos 8 sin 2 2 2 Hence proved. Q8 1+tanatan2o = sec2a. (Gujranwala Board 2006, Lahore Board 2006) Solution: LHS. = 1+tan a. tan 20 sina sin2a cos & cos 2 a cos2a. cosa + sin2a sina cosa. cos2a. cose cos2a. cosa. cose, cos2a a cos2a = secla R.H.S Hence proved.2sin 9 sin 20 Q.9 Prove that Scores « tan 2 6 tan 0 (Gujranwala Board 2007, Lahore Board 2006) Solution: n@ sin20 in® LHS. = 2950 +0830 ~ cos + 4cos" — 3050 2sinO sin20 * 4cos‘0 — 2cos0 2sin® sin20 = 2eos0 (2cos"0 — 1) 2sin® sin20 = 3cos0 cos20 = tan@ tan20 = R.HS sin3@ cos30 Q10 “sin ~ cos 0 Solution: sin 8 cos 0 2sin8 sin 0 Hence proved. cos 30 Qi eae = 4cos20. Solution: L.H.S. = = sin® _ cos 30 sin 0 + sin 3 0 cos 0 cos 6 sin 8 _ sin@O+6) sind 2sin20cos26 = “cos8sin@ = cosOsin® ~ sin O cos 6 2 : 2.2sin€ cos 6 cos 28 (-. sin2 = 2sin 0 cos 0) sin 0 cos 0 4cos20 = R.H.S. Hence proved,tan =+cot= lan 4 + cot 5 Q.12 0 = sec 0. cot 2 —tan 2 Solution: 8 cote ae tan 4 + cot > HS. = —g—> cot 2 tan 3 sin 0/2 cos 0/2 _ oo * cos” 6/2 = sin 6/2 ~ cos = secO = RHS sin3@ cos30 . Q.13 mae6 sing = 2cot2@ (Gujranwala Board 2006) Solution: sin 3 ct Lus. = 2238, c0s38 cos * sin® sin 30 sin 0 + cos 30 cos 8 cos 6 sin _ cos(36-0) _ _cos20 = “cos sin® ~ cos sin 0 multiplying & dividing by 2 20 sO 2 sin cos 20 sin 20 = 2cot26 = R.H.S. Hence proved.Q.14_ Reduce sin’ 6 to an expression involving only function of multiples of 6, raised to first power. (Lahore Board 2004, 2010) Solution: 2a? . 1—cos 2 Sint = (sin? 0)? ( S sO ey 1 cos 20) : L+cos 40 cos 20 + cos? 28 : 4 L+cos 40 [1 2eos294ttegsae ] [ 2ttese dated] 2 BIS BIE 4 3~4 cos20+cos40 8 Q.15_ Find values of sin 8, cos @ when @ is (i) 18° (ii) 36° iii) 54” iv) 72° (v) 140° j[ Stem etens de | 1 Hence prove that cos 36° cos 72° cos 108° cos 144° = 16 Solution: @ = 18 50 = 5x 18° = 90° Now 30+20 = 90° => 30 = 90°-20 taking cos on both sides cos 36 = cos (90°— 26) =cos 90° cos 2 6 + sin 90° sin 20 cos 30 = sin20 4 cos’ 8-3 cos @ = 2sin@ cos 0 cos 0 [4 cos” 0 —3] = 2 sin @ cos 0 4 (1 —sin’ 0) 3-2 sin® = 0 4—4sin?-3-2sin@ = 0 4 sin? 0+2sin0—1 = 0 —1 By Quadratic formula(i) _ o2+Vv4-44) Cl) _ =2+y44 16 24) - 8 =2 20 sin® = =2xsfi0 _ =242y5 -1+y5 sin® = 8 7 4 As. 18° isin T quadrant so ain 18* = vst cos 0 = JI —sin?@ 2 [ 5 cos 18° = Woah = los 25 = cos 18° 0 = 36° 5x0 = 5x36" 50 = 180° 30 +20 = 180° = 30 = 180°-20 sin 3 6 = sin (180°—26) 3sin0—4 sin’ 0 = sin20 sin @ (34 sin’ 8) = 2sin@ cos @ 3—4sin? 0—2cos0 = 0 3-4 (1 —cos?0)—2cos 0 = 0 3-444 cos’ 0-2cos0 = 0 4cos’0—2cos0—1 = 0 a=4, b=-2, © =~—1 By Quadratic formula b+yb" —4ac 2a 2+yV4-4( CI) 2 (4) 24V4416 2420 _ 2425 8 > fF 8 cos 0 = cos 8 =(iii) (iv) (vy) qge = LNB cos 36° = As 36° isin I quadrant so sin@ = J —cos0 = (495) : 10-25 sin® = 16 ° fio —2 5 sin 36° = 16 sin 54° sin 54° = sin (90° 36°) = cos 36° (. sin(3 0) = cos} sin 54° = Ans. cos 54° = cos (90° — 36°) = sin 36° 2 16, cos 54° = 72° sin 72° = sin (90° 18°) = cos 18° ( - sin( 3-0) . cos) sin 72° = cos 72° = cos (90° — 18°) = sin 18° sel cos 72° = 4 sin 144° sin 144° = sin (180° —36°) (-. sin(a—@) = sin®)= sin 36" 10-25 sin 144° = 16 Ans. cos 144° = cos (180° — 36°) = — cos 36” ; Ley cos 144° = ( a ) Ans. Next cos 36". cos 72°. cos 108° . cos 144° = a L.H.S. = cos 36° cos 72° cos (180° — 72°) cos 144 = cos 36° cos 72° (— cos 72°) cos 144° Hence proved. EXERCISE 10.4 Q.1 Express the following product as sums and differences (i) 2sin3@cos@ (Lahore Board 2006) (ii) 2. cos 50 sin 30 (iii) sin5@cos2@ (Gujranwala Board 2004) (iv) 2sin76sin26 (v) eos (x + y) sin (xy) (vi) cos (2x + 30) cos (2x — 30) (vii) sin 12” sin 46" sin (x + 45°) sin (x — 45°)Solutions: wi (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) 2sin 36 cos ® = sin (30 + 6) + sin (36-6) (cs 2sina cosB = sin(a + B) + sin(a —B)) = sin4@+sin20 Ans. 2 cos 56 sin 30 = sin (5 6 +36) —sin (56-36) (: 2cos asinB = sin (a +B)—sin (a—B) ) = sin8@—sin20 Ans. sin 5 0 cos 20 (Gujranwala Board 2004) multiple & divide by 2 = Sk sin 5 @ cos26] = $fsin (50 + 20) + sin (50 — 20)] 1 = 5 [sin 70 +sin 30] Ans 2 sin 70 sin 20 = —[-2 sin 70 sin 20] = —cos [(70+20)—cos(70—26)] ( —2sinasinB = cos (a +f) —cos (a—B) = —[cos 90 ~—cos 5 6] Ans. cos (x + y) sin (x —y) multiply & dividing by 2 Si2c0s (x+y) sin (x— y)] (2 2cosa sinB = sin(a + B)— sin(a — B)) [sin (x+y +x-—y)-sin(xty—xty] 1 a) [sin (2 x) — sin 2 y] Ans. cos (2x + 30°) cos (2x — 30°) multiply & divide by 2 1 0, = 7 [2 cos (2x + 30°) cos (2x — 30°)| (+ 2cosa cosB = cos(a +B) + cos(a—B))| 0 0 0 oS = 5 [cos (2x + 30° + 2x — 30°) + cos (2x + 30°— 2x +30°)] 1 0 = 3 [cos 4x + cos 60°] Ans. (vii) sin 12” sin 46” multiply & divide by — 2 =l1 = > [-2sin 12° sin 46°) (-: —2sina sin = cos(a +f) — cos(a— B)) > [cos (12° + 46°) — cos (12° — 46°)] =! 0 0 = F [eos 58° — cos (- 34°)] I > = FJ [eos 58° cos 34°] Ans. (cs cos (—0) = cos 0) (viii) sin (x + 45°) sin (x — 45°) multiply & dividing by —2 =1 ei 0, ZF b2sin ox + 45°) sin(x—45°)]| (+ -2sina sinB = cos(a + B) — cos(a — B)) I 0 50 0 0) F Teos (x + 45° + x — 45°) — cos (x + 45° ~ x + 45°)] 1 > = ~5 [eos 2x ~ cos 90°] Q.2_ Express the following sums and differences as product @ sin5@+sin30 (Lahore Board 2006,2007) (ii) sin 8 @—sin 46 cos 6 8 + cos 38 (iv) cos 78 —cos 8 (Lahore Board 2009) (v) cos 12 + cos 48 (Lahore Board 2010) (vi) sin (x + 30) + sin (x — 30) @ — sin5@+sin36 58+30 co. P P (+ sinP-+sing = 2 sinP£2 cos?=2) = 2 si = 2sin46cos0 Ans.(i) (iii) (iv) (vy) (vi) 40 86+40 8 ee sin8 0 P+ P sin P— sin Q = 2cos p = 20s 28+ ® cos S838 = 2c0sP$2 cos P52) 98 38 =2 cos“ cos“5” Ans. cos 7 8—cos 8 (Lahore Board 2009) aye p > = 2 sin? in 8 . (cor P- eos Q = ~2sinP*2 vin? 52) = -—2sin40sin30 Ans. cos 12° + cos 48° (Lahore Board 2010) 12°+48° — 12°—48° = 2cos oe oe 60" 36° = 2eos 5 cos (-s cos (-0) = cos) = 2cos 30° cos 18° Ans. sin (x + 30°) + sin (x — 30°) yc NH3O° X= 30? x + 30°— x +30" = 2sin 2 cos 7 2 60° = 2sin > cos = 2sin x cos 30° Ans. Prove the following identities . sin3x-sinx _ 4 @ cos x— cos 3x = Cot2Xx _ in 8x+ he tans Gi) Cos 8x + cos 2x = fNSX sin a —sin a= a+ (iii) sin. sin B = tan 4) cot (228) (Lahore Board 2007) sin a+ sin B 2 2Solution: @ (ii) (iii) sin 3 x —sin x cos x— cos 3x Las « —2aa—sinz (: sin P-sinQ = 2cos (9) sin (53) — (cos 3 x —cos x) P= z = cot2x 3x+xX . 3x sin 2cos 5 gin SRK (= 2 sin Z~ sin “F 2cos2xsinx — cos 2x i cos P — cos Q = —2si = cot2x = R.HS. ~ 2sin2xsinx ~ sin 2x Hence proved. sin 8 x + sin 2x cos 8x +cos2x = n5x sin 8 x 2x LHS. = cos 8x + cos 2 x 8x + 2x 8x. ac. os 8x + 2x 8x 2cos™ > cos > 2 2 sin 5x cos 3x sin 5x = 2eos 5x cos 3x = cos 5x = 5x = RHS. Hence proved. sin a—sin a-B a+B asa = tan" cot > (Lahore Board 2007) P. P- LHS. = Geran (: sin P— sin Q = 2cos (es 8) sin (8 8) 2cos SEB sin 28 Hence the proof.Q4 Prove that @ (ii) (ii) Solution: (i) cos 20° L.H.S. cos 20° + cos 100° + cos t= =0 (Lahore Board 2008) sin (E- ° ) sin G +0 j=} 30820 (Lahore Board 2005) sin 6 + sin 30 + sin50+sin70 = tan4@ cos 0 + cos 36 + cos 50 +.cos7 0 ~ “P + cos 100° + cos 140° = 0 = cos 20° + cos 100° + cos 140° = [cos 140° + cos 20°] + cos 100° (-: cos P+cos Q = 2cos (88) cos (539) 140° + 20° 140° 20° = 2cos—5— cos ——— + cos 100° = 2cos 80° cos 60° + cos 100° ol 7 = 2cos 80°54 cos 100' = cos 80° + cos 100° 80° + 100° 80°— 100° = 2cos——Z—— cos 5 = 2 cos 90° cos (— 10°) = 2x0xcos 10° 0 = RHS. Hence proved. (Te (i) sin ( L.H.S. 1 0 )sin( % +0 | = 7c0s20 : an(2- 0) sin(#+0) (" sin(a — B) = tne corh- co si) sin(o. + B) = sino. cos + cose: sinB, sin F cos 0 — cos j sin 0) ( sin cos 0-+ cos ¥ sin 0) sdb sno) (om 0+ in) cos 0 — sin 9) (cos 0 + sin 0) Hence proved.sin 0 + sin 3 0 + sin 5 0 + sin 70 cos 8 + cos 3 6 + cos 5 0 + cos 7 9 = tan4e sin 6 + sin 3 6 +sin56+sin70 cos 0 + cos 30 + cos 50+ cos 70 cosP + cosQ [sin 76 + sin 8] + 6+sin3 6 [cos 7 0 + cos 0] + [cos 5 0 + cos 3 0] (78+8) 70-08 56+30 ee ee 2sin 2 sin 4 0 cos 30 + 2 sin4 0 cos 0 2 cos 44 cos 3 6 +2 cos 40 cos 0 2 sin 4 0 (cos 3 0 + cos 0) 2 cos 4 0 (cos 3 8 + cos 8) sin46 = aad = tan4@ = R.H.S. Hence proved. Q.5 Prove that (i) (ii) (iii) Solution: w cos 20° cos 40° cos 60° cos 80° = 7 L.H. 1 cos 20° cos 40° cos 60° cos 80” = 76 (Gujranawala Board 2004, Lahore Board 2008) _— _. in sin-9 = 76 rads sin g si 9 1 sin 10° sin 30° sin 50° sin 70° = 16 (Lahore Board 2011) 6 cos 20° cos 40° cos 60° cos 80° 1 o 0 o, = 35 cos 40° cos 20° cos 80' = $ cos 40° cos 20°] cos 80° (+ 2cosa cos = cos(a + B)+cos(a — B)]2 5 cos40° £0320" | cos 80° \ Nie I 5 . x5 [eos (40° + 20°) + cos (40° ~ 20°)] cos 80 [cos 60° + cos 20°] cos 80° + cos 20° ] cos 80° 0° | (cr 2cosa cos = cos(a +B) + cos(c — B)) [3 2 1 5 0 [3 cos 80° + cos 80° cos 2 [ cos 80° +5 cos80° cox20? 1 0. 0 390% cos 80° + ; { cos (80° + 20°) + cos (80° — 20°) } ] cole col coi col ool Bim Rim Rim Bim Bim AI NI I Ke —— cos 80° +5 cos 100° +5 5 cos 60" | [cos 80° + cos 100° + cos 60°] [cos80° + cos (180° ~ 80°) + cos60®] (+> cos(x— 8) = cos) [cos 80° — cos80° + cos60°} [cos60°] vie eae i al- in zp x b Hence proved, 4n (ii) sin sin zn sin j sing" = (Lahore Board 2011) & Rie x a= L.H.S. sin § sin =>" 9 sin§ sin IF of EK, 27 4 sin g sin“ “5 sin-9- sin 20° sin 40° sin 80° = 2 [sin 40° sin 20°] sin 80° (+ -2 sina sinB = cos(a. + 8) — cos(a — B)) nts te(iii) in40° sine? | sin80° $ { 0s 140° + 20°) cos (40° 20°) } sin 30" | { cos 60° — cos 20°} sin 80°] " - — cos20°} sins0°] 5 sin80° — sin80° cox20° if sin80° — ; sin80° cost 1 1 Blt sin80° : sin (80° + 20°) + sin (80° — 20)| 1 2 sino0”] I [5 sin80° — 5 1 y> 0 then point P(x, y) lies in quadrant: 1 (by II () I ana +3 —p) = (a) tan(a + B) (b) tan(a (c) cota +B) (d) cot(a — If cota + cot = 0 then a = ? @ 4-0 n-0 (© +0 pp 20801 = cos70) gy see sino and 739 coro 0 then °8” lies in the quadrant: fT (b) I (c) TL (ov sec ¥ ( Viet o 1 cot I= sin’ [esos 21 cosect (ce) Jeosee0 = 1 o ao (b) (c) @ Ww B) B) None of these (d) None of these 7 cosa — 2cos a cos +cosB = (a) sina cos (b) 0 (c) — sin(a —B) + cos (d) cose. cos The value of cos 315° is: (a) 0 (b) 1 () (b) (a)Anawen w c Q a @ a w a (3) a (6) d O b (6) c oy b ao b ap a a2 c (3) c ay a (5) a 16) d i) b as) © ay © 20 a ev b 22) d 23) a ey © Qs b 26) 27 d 8) a ey d G0) d BD b G2 b (33) b By d G5) c G6) d G7 c 38) © By d 0) a ap d (42) a (43) a ay © 45) b 46) b a c (48) a ay b (0) d bSSS Q.6 cose (x ~ a) 1 1 ~ sinfn a) sin cosa ~ cost s -—1 _ 0= G1) sina = Fae ~ coseec, Q7 As. cos2a = 2cos’a =I = 2costa Qs = cos B + sin sinB = 0+ (1) sinB = sinB QuU3 reosd = 3 reos'0= 9 = 16 Adding (1) and (2). Peos0 +rsin°9 = 9 +16 P(cos'@ + sin’) = 25 P= 25 r=5 Q.14tan(180° + a) = tan(n +a) SOLUTION SSS Q)SSS Q.6 cose (x ~ a) 1 1 ~ sinfn a) sin cosa ~ cost s -—1 _ 0= G1) sina = Fae ~ coseec, Q7 As. cos2a = 2cos’a =I = 2costa Qs = cos B + sin sinB = 0+ (1) sinB = sinB QuU3 reosd = 3 reos'0= 9 = 16 Adding (1) and (2). Peos0 +rsin°9 = 9 +16 P(cos'@ + sin’) = 25 P= 25 r=5 Q.14tan(180° + a) = tan(n +a) SOLUTION SSS Q)Q.32 = 15° B® x cosise cos TS = costs = cos (45° — 30°) = cos45° . cos30° + sin45° sin30° BR tut 2 *\p°2 Lt fa a3 oe 22 Q34 As, atPty = 180° a+p = 180°-y = cosa +B) = cos( 180° = cosyQ.35_ sin(a +B). sin(a —B) = (sina cosB + cose sinf )(sine. cos — cose: sinB) = (sina cosB)? — (cosa. sinB)* = sin’a. cos’ ~ cos'a sin’ Fa. (1 = sin'B) = (1 = sin’) sin'B Pa. sin’ ~ sin’ + sin’a. sin’B Q36 As, Oe ee qyey — Sin(45°-+ LIP tan56% an(45° + 11°) cos(45° + 11°) __ sind5® cos 1° + cos45° sin 1° © cos45° cosl 1° — sindS® sinI 1° x cost 1° + re dt 0 1 ° pp cost? — 5 sini v ve _ cost 1? + sin 1° © cosi 1° ~ sin 1° sind + sin2A 237 Ty cos + cos2A od sinA + sin2A + cosA + 2cos*A = | A + 2sinA cosA cosA + 2cos°A __ sinACL + 2cosA) Q38 As, cosA(I + 2cosA) sina cos = sin(ar +f) + sin(r ~f) 2sin70 cos30 = sin(70 + 30) + sin(70 ~ 30) = sin100 + sin4dQ.39 Q.40 Q.42 Q43 Q44 As, sinP + sinQ = asinP £2 cos 52 5x +73 5x - 7: = sinSx + sin?x = 2sin°“S~* cos 35 2X ce 2sin “5° . cos = 2sin6x . cosx As, not sin cos(a +B) — cosa — B) sina. sing = — 4 [cos(a. +B) ~ cos(a ~ f)] Eso} cos s[eos(S > sin(2-0 | sin[3+0)= a = 4 [cos (2 z) cost-20)| [cos 5 cos20] 1 2 1 3 [0 ~ c0s26] tan(-a+3-p) : tan ($—(a+p)) = cot(a +B) As, cota + col0= 0 => cota = ~ cot Which is possible only if aQ.39 Q.40 Q.42 Q43 Q44 As, sinP + sinQ = asinP £2 cos 52 5x +73 5x - 7: = sinSx + sin?x = 2sin°“S~* cos 35 2X ce 2sin “5° . cos = 2sin6x . cosx As, not sin cos(a +B) — cosa — B) sina. sing = — 4 [cos(a. +B) ~ cos(a ~ f)] Eso} cos s[eos(S > sin(2-0 | sin[3+0)= a = 4 [cos (2 z) cost-20)| [cos 5 cos20] 1 2 1 3 [0 ~ c0s26] tan(-a+3-p) : tan ($—(a+p)) = cot(a +B) As, cota + col0= 0 => cota = ~ cot Which is possible only if a