Solution

ASSIGNMENT (CHAPTER-8)

Class 10 - Mathematics

1.
√1+ cot 2 θ

(c) cot θ

Explanation: As we know that,

sec2θ = 1 + tan2θ
and cotθ = 1

tan θ

⇒ tanθ = 1

cot θ
2

∴ sec2θ =1+( 1

cot θ
)

=1+ 1

2
cot θ
2

sec2θ
cot θ+1
⇒ = 2
cot θ

√1+ cot 2 θ
⇒ secθ = cot θ

2. (a) 60o
Explanation: 60o
3.
(b) 2
−−−−− −−−
Explanation: Since sec θ = √1 + tan θ 2

−−−−−−−−
– 2
∴sec θ = √1 + (√3)

−−−− –
= √1 + 3 = √4 = 2
4.
(b) X2 + Y2 = 1
Explanation: We have, X sin3θ + Y cos3θ = sinθ cosθ ... (i)
X sinθ = Y cosθ ...(ii)
Using (ii) in (i), we get
⇒ Y cosθ sin2θ + y cos3θ = sinθ cosθ
⇒ Y sin2θ + Y cos2θ = sinθ ⇒ Y = sinθ
Now, X sinθ = sinθ × cosθ ⇒ X = cosθ
∴ X2 + Y2 = 1
5.
5
(b) 8
5
Explanation: 8

6.
(c) Only (i)
Explanation:

i. We know, 3sinθ - cosθ)4 = 3((sinθ - cosθ)2)2

= 3(12 + 4 sin2θ cos2 θ - 4 sinθcosθ) ...(i)
and, 6(sinθ + cosθ)2 = 6 + 12 sinθcosθ ...(ii)
Also, 4(sin6θ + cos6θ) = 4((sin2θ)3 + (cos2θ)3)
= 4(1) - 12sin2θcos2θ ...(iii)
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
3 + 12sin2θcos2θ - 12sinθcosθ + 6 + 12sinθcosθ + 4 - 12sin2θcos2θ
= 3 + 6 + 4 = 13, which is independent of θ.

1 / 19
 ii. We have,
2
1− sin θ
cosecθ - sinθ = 1

sin θ
- sinθ = sin θ
2

a3 = a2 = ( cos
2 2
cos θ θ 3
⇒ ⇒ )
sin θ sin θ

2
1 1− cos θ
Similarly, secθ - cosθ = cos θ
- cosθ = cos θ
2

b3 = b2 = (
2 2
sin θ sin θ 3
⇒ ⇒ )
cos θ cos θ

2 2 2

a2b2(a2 + b2) = (
2 2 2 2
cos θ sin θ 3 cos θ 3 sin θ 3
∴ × ) (( ) + ( ) )
sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ

2 2 2
cos θ+ sin θ
= (sinθ⋅ cosθ) 3 (
2
) =1
(sin θ⋅cos θ) 3

7. (a) x2 + y2 + z2 = r2
x
Explanation: x = r sin θ cos ϕ ⇒ r
= sin θ cos ϕ ...(i)
y
y = r sin θ sin ϕ ⇒
r
= sin θ sin ϕ ...(ii)
z = r cos θ ⇒
z

r
= cos θ ...(iii)
Squaring and adding (i) and (ii)
2 2
x y
2 2 2 2
+ = sin θ cos ϕ + sin θ sin ϕ
2 2
r r
2 2 2
= sin θ (cos ϕ + sin ϕ)

2 2 2
= sin θ× 1 {sin θ + cos θ = 1}

2
= sin θ

Now adding (iii) in it

2 2 2
x y z 2 2
+ + = sin θ + cos θ= 1
2 2 2
r r r

2 2 2
y
Hence x

2
+
2
+
z

2
= 1
r r r
2 2 2
x +y +z
⇒ = 1
2
r

⇒ x2 + y2 + z2 = r2
8.
(b) 9
Explanation: 9 (sec2 A – tan2 A)
= 9 × 1 (sec2 A – tan2 A=1)
=9
9. (a) 3
Explanation: 5 sin2 90o - 2 cos2 0o
5 × (1)2 - 2 × (1)2 = 5 - 2 = 3
10.
(b) 1
Explanation: Given: cos A + cos 2
A= 1

2
⇒cos A = 1 − cos A

2
⇒cos A = sin A

Squaring both sides, we get

2 4
⇒ cos A = sin A

2 4
⇒1 − sin A = sin A

2 4
⇒ sin A + sin A = 1

11.
(b) 1
Explanation: Given that, sin A + sin2 A = 1
⇒ sin A = 1 - sin2 A
⇒ sin A = cos2 A

2 / 19
 ⇒ sin2 A = cos4 A
⇒ 1 - cos2 A = cos4 A
⇒ cos2 A + cos4 A = 1
12.
(c) 9
Explanation: Given, cot θ = 4

3
(5 sin θ+3 cos θ) 5+3 cot θ
∴
(5 sin θ−3 cos θ)
=
5−3 cot θ
[dividing num. and denom. by sin θ]
4
(5+3× )
(5+4)
= 3

4
= =
9

1
= 9
(5−4)
(5−3× )
3

13.
(b) 7

Explanation: (cos 0o + sin 30o + sin45o) (sin90o + cos60o - cos45o) = ?

1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 9 1 7
= (1 + + ) (1 + − )= ( + )( − ) = ( − ) =
2 √2 2 √2 2 √2 2 √2 4 2 4

14. (a) sec A - tan A

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
−−−−− (1−sin A) (1−sin A) (1−sin A) (1−sin A)
1−sin A
Explanation: √ 1+sin A
= √
(1+sin A)
×
(1−sin A)
= =
√cos 2 A
√1− sin2 A

(1−sin A) 1 sin A
= = ( − ) = (sec A − tan A)
cos A cos A cos A

15.
5
(c) 7
5
Explanation: 7

16. (a) 1

Explanation: It is given that,

sin θ − cos θ = 0

⇒ sin θ = cos θ
sin θ
⇒ = 1
cos θ

⇒ tan θ = 1

∘
⇒ tan θ = tan 45
∘
⇒ θ = 45
4 4
∴ sin θ + cos θ

4 ∘ 4 ∘
= sin 45 + cos 45
4 4
1 1
= ( ) + ( )
√2 √2

1 1
= +
4 4
1
=
2

1
17. (a) − 4

Explanation: (3 sin2 30o - 4 cos2 60o)

2 2
1 1
⇒ 3 × ( ) − 4 × ( )
2 2
1
⇒ −
4

18.
(d) sin60 ∘

Explanation: Given: 2 tan 30

2 ∘
1+tan 30
1
2×
√3
= 2
1
1+( )
√3

2
= 3+1
√3( )
3

= 6
=
3

4√3 2√3

3 / 19
 √3
= 2

= sin 60 ∘

19. (a) 1
Explanation: We have, (cosecθ − sin θ)(sec θ − cos θ)(tan θ + cot θ)
1 1 sin θ cos θ
= ( − sin θ) ( − cos θ) ( + )
sin θ cos θ cos θ sin θ

2 2 2 2
1− sin θ 1− cos θ sin θ+ cos θ
= × ×
sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ
2 2
cos θ sin θ 1
= × ×
sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ
2 2
sin θ cos θ
= = 1
2 2
sin θ cos θ

20.
(b) 1
Explanation: Given: (1 + tan2θ)(1 - sinθ)(1 + sinθ)
= (sec2θ)(1 - sin2θ)
= (sec2θ)(cos2θ)
cos2θ = 1
1
= 2
×
cos θ

21.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: sin θ and cosec θ are reciprocal of each other so sin θ × cosec θ = 1
sin θ × cosec θ ≠ cot θ
22. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: ∵ cosec2θ - cot2θ = 1
⇒ (cosecθ - cotθ) (cosecθ + cotθ) = 1

⇒ (cosecθ - cotθ) =
1

cosec θ+cot θ

∴ It is clear that cosecθ - cotθ and cosecθ + cotθ are reciprocal of each other.
23. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: tan30o = AB

BC
=
AB

20

AB = 1
× 20 =
20

1.73
= 11.56 m
√3

24. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: If sin θ = cos θ then θ = 45o, so tan 45o = 1
25.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
26.
(b) 12

5
−−−−− −−−−−−−−
Explanation: BA = √(AD) 2
+ (BD)
2

−−−− −−−−−
2 2
= √(4) + (3)
−−
= √25 = 5
−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
∴ AC = √(BC ) + (AB)
−−−−− −−−−−
2 2
= √(12) + (5)
−−−−−−−
= √144 + 25
−−−
= √169 = 13

Hence,
cos θ = 12/13

and sin θ = 5/13

⇒ cot θ = 12/5

27.
(c) 0 ∘

Explanation: sin 2A = 2 sin A is true when A =0 ∘

4 / 19
 ∵sin 2A = 2 sin A

∘ ∘
⇒sin(2 × 0 ) = sin 0

∘ ∘
⇒sin 0 = sin 0

28. (a) - (iii), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (i)

–
29. Here √3sinθ − cosθ = 0 and 0°< θ < 90°,
–
or, √3sinθ = cosθ
or, sin θ
=
cos θ
1

√3

or, tan θ = 1
[∵ tan θ =
sin θ

cos θ
]
√3

∘
tanθ = tan30

∘
∴ θ = 30

30. We have,
L.H.S =sec4A(1 - sin4A) - 2tan2A
= sec 4
A − sec A. sin
4 4
A − 2 tan
2
A
4

= sec 4
A −
sin A
− 2 tan
2
A
cos 4 A

= sec4A - tan4A - 2tan2A

= (sec2A)2 - tan4A - 2tan2A
= (1 + tan2A)2 - tan4A - 2tan2A [∵ sec 2
A = 1 + tan
2
A]

= 1 + tan4A + 2tan2A - tan4A - 2tan2A

= 1 = R.H.S
therefore, sec4A(1 - sin4A) - 2tan2A = 1
Hence proved.
–
31. cosθ + sinθ = √2cosθ
–
⇒ sinθ = √2cosθ − cosθ
–
⇒ sinθ = (√2 − 1)cosθ

⇒
sin θ
= cos θ
√2−1

sin θ( √2+1)
⇒ = cos θ
( √2−1)( √2+1)

–
⇒ √2 sin θ + sin θ = cos θ
–
⇒ cos θ - sin θ =√2 sin θ = RHS

32. LHS = ( 1
− cos θ)(
1
− sin θ)
cos θ sin θ

2 2
1− cos θ 1− sin θ
=( cos θ
)(
sin θ
)

2 2

= sin

cos θ
θ
×
cos

sin θ
θ

= sin θ cos θ
RHS = tan θ+cot θ
1
= sin θ
1

c os θ
+
c os θ sin θ

= cos θ sin θ

2 2
sin θ+ cos θ

= sin θ cos θ
∴ LHS = RHS

33. We have,
LHS = (sinθ + cosecθ)2 + (cosθ + secθ)2
⇒ LHS = (sin2θ + cosec2θ + 2sinθ cosecθ) + (cos2θ + sec2θ + 2cosθ secθ)
2 2 1 2 2 1
⇒ LHS = (sin θ + cosec θ + 2 sin θ ) + (cos θ + sec θ + 2 cos θ )
sin θ cos θ

⇒ LHS = (sin2θ + cosec2θ + 2) + (cos2θ + sec2θ + 2)

⇒ LHS = sin2θ + cos2θ + cosec2θ + sec2θ + 4
⇒ LHS = 1 + (1 + cot2θ) + (1 + tan2θ) + 4 [∵ cosec2θ = 1 + cot2θ , sec2θ = 1 + tan2θ]
⇒ LHS = 7 + tan2θ + cot2θ = RHS
34. L.H.S. = tan 2θ

∘
= tan(2 × 30 )

∘
= tan 60

5 / 19
 –
= √3
2 tan θ
R. H. S. =
2
1− tan θ
∘
2 tan 30
=
2 ∘
1−tan 30
1
2
√3
=
2
1
1−( )
√3

2 2

√3 √3 2 3 3 –
= = = × = = √3
1 2 √3 2 √3
1−
3 3

∴ L. H. S = R. H. S

35. We have,
x2 + y2 + z2 = r2sin2α cos2β + r2sin2α sin2β + r2cos2α
= r2sin2α (cos2β + sin2β ) + r2cos2α
= r2sin2α + r2cos2α [∵ cos2β + sin2β = 1]
= r2(sin2α + cos2α ) = r2 [∵ sin2α + cos2α = 1].
Hence, (x2 + y2 + z2) = r2.
36. sin 6
θ + cos
6
θ = 1 − 3 sin
2
θ cos
2
θ

6 6
L.H.S. = sin θ + cos θ

2 3 3
2
= (sin θ) + (cos θ)

2 2 4 4 2 2 3 3 2 2
= (sin θ + cos θ) (sin θ + cos θ − sin θ cos θ) [∵ a + b = (a + b) (a + b − ab)]

4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 1 (sin θ + cos θ + 2 sin θ ⋅ cos θ − 2 sin θ cos θ − sin θ cos θ] since, sin A + cos A= 1
2
2 2 2 2
= (sin θ + cos θ) − 3 sin θ cos θ

2 2
= 1 − 3 sin θ cos θ

= R.H.S. proved.
37. secA = =
cos A
1 1 2
(co s A = 1 − si n A)
2

√1− sin2 A

tanA = sin A
=
sin A

cos A
√1− sin2 A

38. We have,
LHS = cot4 A - 1
⇒ LHS = (cosec2 A - 1)2 - 1 [∵cot2A = cosec2 A - 1 ∴ cot4 A = (cosec2 A - 1)2]
⇒ LHS = cosec4 A - 2 cosec2 A + 1 - 1
= cosec4 A - 2 cosec2 A = RHS
39. Taking L.H.S. x2 + y2 = (3 sin θ + 4 cos θ) + (3 cos θ − 4 sin θ) 2 2

= 9 sin θ + 16 cos θ + 2 × 3 sin θ × 4 cos θ + 9 cos θ + 16 sin

2 2 2 2
θ − 2 × 3 cos θ × 4 sin θ

= 9 (sin θ + cos θ) + 16 (cos θ + sin θ)

2 2 2 2

= 9 × 1 + 16 × 1 [∵ sin θ + cos θ = 1] 2 2

= 9 + 16
= 25 = R.H.S
Hence proved.
40. 60
Explanation:
cos θ cos θ
Given, 1−sin θ
+
1+sin θ
= 4

Taking LCM
cos θ(1+sin θ)+cos θ(1−sin θ)
= 4
(1−sin θ)(1+sin θ)

cos θ[1+sin θ+1−sin θ]

= 4
2
1− sin θ

cos θ(2)
= 4
2
cos θ
2
= 4
cos θ
2 1
cos θ = =
4 2
∘
cos θ = cos 60

∘
∴ θ = 60

6 / 19
41. Let us draw a triangle ABC in which ∠ B = 90°.

Let ∠ A = θ°.
AB 3
Then, cos θ = AC
=
5

Let AB = 3k and AC = 5k, where k is positive.

By Pythagoras' theorem, we have
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
⇒ BC2 = AC2 - AB2
= (5k)2 - (3k)2 = 25k2 - 9k2 = 16k2
−−−−
2
⇒ BC = √16k = 4k

∴ sec θ =
1

cos θ
=
5

3
, tan θ = BC
=
4k

3k
=
4

3
AB
3 AC 5k 5
cot θ =
1

tan θ
=
4
, and cosecθ = BC
=
4k
=
4
5 4 25 16
(5× −4× ) ( − )
5cosecθ−4 tan θ 4 3 4 3
∴ ( )= =
sec θ+cot θ 5 3 5 3
( + ) ( + )
3 4 3 4
75−64

12 11 12 11
= = ( × ) =
20+9 12 29 29

12

42.

Let θ is ∠C . Given sin θ = 12

13
=
AB

AC
......(1)

Let AB = 12K and AC = 13K ,where K is positive integer.

In ΔABC , By using Pythagoras theorem :-

AB2 + BC2 = AC2
Or, (12K)2 + BC2 = (13K)2
Or, 144K2 + BC2 = 169K2
Or, BC2 = 169K2 - 144K2
Or, BC2 = 25K2
−−−−−
2
∴ BC = √25K = 5K

Now,
cos θ =
BC
=
5K

13K
=
5

13
........(2)
AC

tan θ =
AB

BC
=
12K

5K
=
12

5
...........(3)
Now,
2 2
sin θ− cos θ 1
×
2 sin θ×cos θ 2
tan θ
2 2
12 5
( ) −( )

[ from (1),(2) & (3) ]

13 13 1
= ×
12 5 2
12
2× ×
13 13 ( )
5

7 / 19
 144 25
−
169 169 1
= ×
120 144

169 25
144−25

169 25
= ×
120 144

169

119 169 25
= × ×
169 120 144
595
=
3456

43.

Let us draw a △ABC in which ∠ B = 90°.

Then, cos A = =
AB 9

41
AC

Let AB = 9k and AC = 41k, where k is positive.

By Pythagoras' theorem, we have
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
⇒ BC2 = AC2 - AB2
⇒ BC2 = (41k)2 - (9k)2 = 1681k2 - 81k2 = 1600k2
−−−−−−
2
⇒ BC = √1600k = 40k

sin A =
BC

AC
=
40k

41k
=
40

41
; cos A =
9

41
(given);
tan A =
sin A
= (
40

41
×
41

9
) =
40

9
;
cos A

1 41 1 41
csc A = = ; sec A = =
sin A 40 cos A 9
9
and cot A = tan A
1
=
40
.
44. Given: cosec A + cot A = m
⇒ (cosec A + cot A)2 = (m)2 [squaring both sides ]
⇒ cosec2A + cot2A + 2 cosec A cot A = m2 .......(1)
Now, LHS
2
m −1
=
2
m +1
2 2
cose c A+ cot A+2 cosecA cot A−1
=
2 2
. [ From (1) ]
cose c A+ cot A+2 cosceA⋅cot A+1
2 2

[Since, Cosec2A - Cot2A = 1]

cot A+ cot A+2 cosecA⋅cot A
=
2 2
cose c A+ cose c A+2 cosecA⋅cot A
2
2 cot A+2 cosecA cot A
=
2
2 cose c A+2 cosecA cot A

2 cot A(cot A+ cosecA)

=
2 cosecA( cosecA+cot A)

cot A
=
cosecA
c os A

sin A
=
1

sin A

cos A sin A
= ×
sin A 1

= cos A = RHS
Hence, Proved.
45. According to question
cos θ−sin θ 1− √3
=
cos θ+sin θ 1+ √3

(cos θ−sin θ)+(cos θ+sin θ) (1− √3)+(1+ √3)

⇒ = [Applying componendo and dividendo]
(cos θ−sin θ)−(cos θ+sin θ) (1− √3)−(1+ √3)

2 cos θ 2
⇒ =
−2 sin θ −2√3

1 – ∘ ∘
⇒ cot θ = ⇒ tan θ = √3 ⇒ tan θ = tan 60 ⇒ θ = 60
√3

46. We have,
sinθ + sin2θ + sin3θ = 1
⇒ sinθ + sin3θ = 1 - sin2θ

8 / 19
 ⇒ sinθ (1 + sin2θ) = cos2θ
⇒ sin2θ (1 + sin2θ)2 = cos4θ
⇒ (1 - cos2θ ){ 1 + (1 - cos2θ ) }2 = cos4θ
⇒ (1 - cos2θ) (2 - cos2θ)2 = cos4θ
⇒ (1 - cos2θ) (4 - 4 cos2θ + cos4θ) = cos4θ
⇒ 4 - 4 cos2θ + cos4θ - 4 cos2θ + 4 cos4θ - cos6θ = cos4θ
⇒ -cos6θ + 4 cos4θ - 8cos2θ + 4 = 0
⇒ cos6θ - 4cos4θ + 8cos2θ = 4
3 3 3 3
cos θ+ sin θ cos θ− sin θ
47. LHS = cos θ+sin θ
+ cos θ−sin θ
2 2 2 2
(cos θ+sin θ)(cos θ+ sin θ−sin θ cos θ) (cos θ−sin θ)(cos θ+ sin θ+sin θ cos θ)

= +
(cos θ+sin θ) (cos θ−sin θ)

= (1 − sinθcosθ) + (1 + sinθcosθ)
= 1 + 1 − sinθcosθ + sinθcosθ
= 2 = RHS

48.

According to the question,

Perpendicular 2
tan A = =
Base 1

So, we draw a right triangle ABC, right angled at B such that

Perpendicular = BC = 2unit and Base = AB = 1unit
Using Pythagoras theorem,
2 2 2
AC = AB + BC

2 2 2
⇒ AC = 2 + 1 = 5
–
⇒ AC = √5
AC – BC 2 BC 2
∴ sec A = = √5, tan A = = = 2, sin A = =
AB AB 1 AC √5

√5
and,cosec A = AC

BC
=
2

– √5 √5 √5 12− √5
Now, sec A sin A + tan 2
A − cos ecA = √5 ×
2
+ (2)
2
− (
2
) = 2 + 4 −
2
= 6 −
2
=
2
√5

49.

We have,
Hypotenuse √10
cosec A = =
Perpendicular 1

So, we draw a right triangle ABC, right-angled at B such that

−−
Perpendicular = BC = 1 unit and, Hypotenuse= AC = √10 .
By Pythagoras theorem, we have
2 2 2
AC = AB + BC
−− 2 2 2
⇒ (√10 ) = AB + 1

2
⇒ AB = 10 − 1 = 9

9 / 19
 –
⇒ AB = √9 = 3

When we consider the trigonometric ratios of ∠A, we have

−−
Base = AB = 3 units, Perpendicular = BC = 1 units and, Hypotenuse= AC = √10 units
Perpendicular 1 Base 3
∴ sin A = = , cos A = =
Hypotenuse √10 Hypotenuse √10

Perpendicular Hypotenuse √10

tan A =
Base
=
1

3
, sec A =
Base
=
3
.
and, cot A = Base

Perpendicular
=
3

1
= 3

50.

Given tan θ = 24

7
=
AB
(θ is ∠C , see figure )
BC

Let AB = 24K and BC = 7K, where K is positive integer.

In ΔABC , by Pythagoras theorem

AC2 = AB2 + BC2
Or, AC2 = (24K)2 + (7K)2
Or, AC2 = 576K2 + 49K2
Or, AC2 = 625K2
−−−−−−
2
∴ AC = √625K = 25K

Now,
AB 24K 24
sin θ = = =
AC 25K 25

BC 7K 7
cos θ = = =
AC 25K 25

∴ sin θ + cos θ
24 7
= +
25 25
24+7 31
= =
25 25

51.

Let BC = x cm . Then, AC = (x + 1) cm.

By Pythagoras' theorem, we have
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
⇒ 72 + x2 = (x + 1)2
⇒ 49 + x2 = x2 + 2x +1
⇒ 2x = 48

x = 24.
∴ BC = 24 cm, AC = 25 cm and AB = 7 cm.

10 / 19
 For T-ratios of ∠ A, we have
sin A = = and cos A =
BC 24

25
AB
=
7

25
AC AC

For T-ratios of ∠ C, we have

sin C = = and cos C =
AB 7

25
BC
=
24

25
AC AC

52. Let us first draw a right △ABC, right angled at B and ∠C = θ .

Now, we know that cos θ = = =
Base

hypotenuse
BC

AC
7

25

So, if BC = 7k, then AC = 25k, where k is a positive number.

Now, using Pythagoras theorem, we have:
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
⇒ AB2 = AC2 - BC2 = (25k)2 - (7k)2.
⇒ AB2 = 625k2 - 49k2 = 576k2
⇒ AB = 24k

Now, finding the other trigonometric ratios using their definitions, we get:
AB 24k 24
sin θ = = =
AC 25k 25

AB 24k 24
tan θ = = =
BC 7k 7

∴ cot θ =
1
=
7

24
, cosecθ =
1
=
25

24
and sec θ = 1
=
25

7
tan θ sin θ cos θ

60o =
10
53. cos a
1 10
=
2 a

a = 20 m
54. tan 60o = b

10
–
√3 = 10
b

–
b = 10√3
b = 17.32 m
55. Sin 30o =
b

d
1 17.32
=
2 d

d = 34.64 m
56. Cos 30o = c

√3 c
=
2 34.64

34.64× √3
c= 2

c = 29.99
c ≈ 30 m
57. Let AB be the tree of height h meter and AC = x be the width of river.
Assuming that C be the position of a man standing on the opposite bank of the river. After moving 30 m away from point C. Let
new position of man be D,
Thus CD = 30 m, ∠AC B = 60 , ∠ADB = 30 and ∠DAB = 90 ∘ ∘ ∘

11 / 19
 From right ΔABC we have
AC ∘ 1
= cot 60 =
AB √3

x 1
⇒ =
h √3

h
⇒ x = ...(i)
√3

From right ΔDAB, we have

AD ∘ –
= cot 30 = √3
AB
x+30 –
⇒ = √3
h
–
⇒ x = √3h − 30 ...(ii)
Equating the values of x from (i) and (ii), we get
– –
⇒ 2h = 30√3 ⇒ h = 15√3 = 15 × 1.732 = 25.98 m

Thus the height of the tree h = 25.98 m

58. Let AB be the tree of height h meter and AC = x be the width of river.
Assuming that C be the position of a man standing on the opposite bank of the river. After moving 30 m away from point C. Let
new position of man be D, Thus CD = 30 m, ∠AC B = 60 , ∠ADB = 30 and ∠DAB = 90
∘ ∘ ∘

From right ΔABC we have

AC ∘ 1
= cot 60 =
AB √3

x 1
⇒ =
h √3

⇒ x =
h
...(i)
√3

Putting the value of h in (i) we get

15√3
x = = 15 m
√3

Hence the width of the river is 15 m.

59. Let AB be the tree of height h meter and AC=x be the width of river.
Assuming that C be the position of a man standing on the opposite bank of the river. After moving 30 m away from point C. Let
new position of man be D, Thus CD = 30 m, ∠AC B = 60 , ∠ADB = 30 and ∠DAB = 90
∘ ∘ ∘

Suppose after moving y meters away from the river the angle of elevation becomes 45o.

Then in the △ABD

y+15 ∘
= cot 45 = 1
h

y + 15 = h
y = h - 15 = 25.98 - 15
y = 10.98 m
Hence after moving 10.98 meters away from the river the angle of elevation would become.

12 / 19
60. Let AB be the tree of height h meter and AC = x be the width of river.
Assuming that C be the position of a man standing on the opposite bank of the river. After moving 30 m away from point C. Let
new position of man be D, Thus CD = 30 m, ∠AC B = 60 , ∠ADB = 30 and ∠DAB = 90
∘ ∘ ∘

From right ΔDAB, we have

AD ∘ –
= cot 30 = √3
AB
x+30 –
⇒ = √3
h
–
⇒ x = √3h − 30 ...(ii)
From (ii) we are having
–
x = h√3 - 30
Given that width of river x = 40 m
–
Thus 40 = h√3 - 30
70
h =
√3

h = 40.41 m
Thus in this case height of the tree would be 40.41 m.
61. Sin θ = 2

Sin θ = 1

θ = 30o
i.e., the dock makes an angle of 30o with the street.
62. tan 30o = BC
2

BC = 2
o
tan30

B = ​​ 2

√3

–
BC = 2√3
BC = 3.5 m
∴ the length of base of ramp = 3.5 m

63. tan 45o = AB

BC

1= AB

BC

1 × 3.5 = AB
AB = 3.5 m
∴ height of ramp becomes 3.5 m
64. sin 45o =
3.5

AC
1 3.5
=
√2 AC

AC = 3.5 × 1.41
= 4.93 m
2 2
(1+sin θ ) −(1−sin θ )
65. LHS = (1+sin θ)(1−sin θ)

= 4 sin θ

2
1− sin θ

= 4 sin θ

2
cos θ

= 4 tan θ sec θ = RHS

13 / 19
66.

In right △ABC,
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
⇒ 49 = x2 + BC2
⇒ BC2 = 49 - x2
−−−−−−
⇒ BC = √49 − x
2

Also, tan C = =
AB

BC
x
;
√49−x2

cot A = AB

BC
=
x

√49−x2

cos A = AB
=
x

7
AC

sin C = AB

AC
=
x

cos B = 0 (given)
−−−−− −−−−− −−−−−−
Now, √7 − x tan C + √7 + x cot A - 14 cos A + 21 sin C + √49 + x cos B 2

By putting the values in given eq, we get,

−−−−− x −−−−− x x x
−−−−−−
2
= √7 − x × + √7 + x × − 14 × + 21 × + √49 + x × 0
√49−x2 √49−x2 7 7

−−−−− −−−−−
= √7 − x ×
x
+ √7 + x ×
x
- 2x + 3x + 0
√(7−x)(7+x) √(7−x)(7+x)

x x
= + + x
√7+x √7−x

x √7−x+x √7+x+x √7+x√7−x

=
√7+x√7−x

2
x √7−x+x √7+x+x √49−x
=
√49+x2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
67. LHS = √1 + tan θ + 1 + cot θ2 2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
= √tan θ + cot θ + 2 × tan θ × cot θ
2 2

−−−−−−−−−−− −
=√(tan θ + cot θ)2

= tanθ + cotθ = RHS

68.

5 AC
Given sec A = 4
=
AB

Let AC = 5K
and, AB = 4K
In ΔABC , by Pythagoras theorem
BC2 + AB2 = AC2
BC2 + (4K)2 = (5K)2
BC2 + 16K2 = 25K2
BC2 = 25K2 - 16K2
BC2 = 9K2
−−−−
2
BC = √9K = 3K

14 / 19
 BC 3K 3
∴ sin A = = =
AC 5K 5

AB 4K 4
cos A = = =
AC 5K 5
BC 3K 3
tan A = = =
AB 4K 4

LHS
3
3 sin A−4sin A
=
3
4cos A−3 cos A
3
3 3
3× −4× ( )
5 5
=
3
4 4
4( ) −3( )
5 5
9 108
−
5 125
=
256 12
−
125 5
225−108

125
=
256−300

125
117

125
=
−44

125

117 125 −117

= × =
125 −44 44

RHS
3
3 tan A− tan A
=
2
1−3tan A
3
3 3
3× −( )
4 4
=
2
3
1−3( )
4
9 27
−
4 64
=
27
1−
16
144−27

64
=
16−27

16
117

64
=
−11

16

117 −16
= ×
64 11
−117
=
44

Hence proved
69. We have,
(cos 0
∘
+ sin 45
∘ ∘
+ sin 30 ) (sin 90 − cos 45 + cos 60 )
∘
…… (1)
Now,
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ 1 ∘ ∘ 1
sin 90 = cos 0 = 1, sin 45 = cos 45 = , sin 30 = cos 60 =
√2 2

So by substituting above values in equation (1)

We get, (cos 0 + sin 45 + sin 30 ) (sin 90 − cos 45
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
+ cos 60 )
∘

1 1 1 1
= (1 + + ) (1 − + )
√2 2 √2 2

–
Now, LCM of both the product terms in the above expression is 2√2
Therefore we get,
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
(cos 0 + sin 45 + sin 30 ) (sin 90 − cos 45 + cos 60 )

1×2√2 1×2 1× √2 1×2√2 1×2 1× √2

= ( + + ) × ( − + )
1×2√2 √2×2 2× √2 1×2√2 √2×2 2× √2

2√2 2 √2 2√2 2 √2
= ( + + ) × ( − + )
2√2 2√2 2√2 2√2 2√2 2√2

2√2+2+ √2 2√2−2+ √2
= ( ) × ( )
2√2 2√2

Now by rearranging terms in the numerator of above expression

We get,
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
(cos 0 + sin 45 + sin 30 ) (sin 90 − cos 45 + cos 60 )

2√2+ √2+2 2√2+ √2−2

= ( ) × ( )
2√2 2√2

(2√2+ √2+2)×(2√2+ √2−2)

=
(2√2)×(2√2)

Now, by applying formula [(a + b)(a − b) = a 2 2

− b ] in the numerator of the above expression we get,
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
(cos 0 + sin 45 + sin 30 ) (sin 90 − cos 45 + cos 60 )

15 / 19
 2 2
(2√2+ √2) − 2
=
2×2× √2× √2

2 2
(2√2+ √2) − 2
=
4×2
…… (2)
Now, we know that (a + b) = a + 2ab + b 2 2 2

– – – – – –
Therefore, (2√2 + √2) = (2√2) + 2(2√2)(√2) + (√2) 2 2 2

– – 2
Now, by substituting the above value of (2√2 + √2) in equation (2)
We get, (cos 0 + sin 45 + sin 30 ) (sin 90 ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
− cos 45 + cos 60 )
∘

2 2 2
[(2√2) +2(2√2)( √2)+( √2) ]− 2

=
4×2

[8+8+2]−4
=
8
18−4
=
8
14
=
8
7
Now 14

8
gets reduced to 4

Therefore,
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
(cos 0 + sin 45 + sin 30 ) (sin 90 − cos 45 + cos 60 )
7
=
4

Hence, (cos 0 ∘
+ sin 45
∘
+ sin 30 ) (sin 90
∘ ∘
− cos 45
∘ ∘
+ cos 60 ) =
7

1 1
70. LHS= ( 2 2
+
2 2
) sin θcos θ
2 2

sec θ− cos θ cos e c θ− sin θ

1 1 2 2
= ( + ) sin θcos θ
1 1 2
− cos 2 θ − sin θ
c os2 θ sin 2 θ

⎛ ⎞
1 1 2 2
= + sin θcos θ
1−c os4 θ 1−sin 4 θ
⎝ ⎠
2 2
c os θ sin θ
2 2
cos θ sin θ 2 2
= ( + ) sin θcos θ
4 4
1− cos θ 1− sin θ
2 4 2 4
cos θ(1− sin θ)+ sin θ(1− cos θ)
2 2
= ( ) sin θcos θ
4 4
(1− cos θ)(1− sin θ)

2 2 2 2 2 2
cos θ(1− sin θ)(1+ sin θ)+ sin θ(1− cos θ)(1+ cos θ)
2 2
= ( ) sin θcos θ
2 2 2 2
(1− cos θ)(1+ cos θ)(1− sin θ)(1+ sin θ)

2 2 2 2 2 2
cos θ⋅ cos θ(1+ sin θ)+ sin θ sin θ(1+ cos θ)
2 2 2 2
= ( ) sin θcos θ [∵ sin θ + cos θ = 1]
2 2 2 2
sin θ(1+ cos θ)cos θ(1+ sin θ)

4 2 4 2
cos θ(1+ sin θ)+ sin θ(1+ cos θ)
2 2
= ( ) sin θcos θ
2 2 2 2
sin θ cos θ(1+ cos θ)(1+ sin θ)

4 2 4 2
cos θ(1+ sin θ)+ sin θ(1+ cos θ)

= ( )
2 2
(1+ cos θ)(1+ sin θ)

4 4 2 4 4 2
cos θ+ cos θ sin θ+ sin θ+ sin θ cos θ
= ( )
2 2
(1+ cos θ)(1+ sin θ)

4 4 4 2 4 2
cos θ+ sin θ+ cos θ sin θ+ sin θ cos θ
= ( )
2 2
(1+ cos θ)(1+ sin θ)

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(cos θ+ sin θ) −2cos θ sin θ+ cos θ sin θ(cos θ+ sin θ)

=
2 2
(1+ cos θ)(1+ sin θ)

2 2 2 2
1−2cos θ sin θ+ cos θ sin θ×1 2 2
= [ sin θ + cos θ = 1]
2 2 2 2
1+ sin θ+ cos θ+ cos θ sin θ
2 2
1− cos θ sin θ
=
2
1+1+ cos 2 θ sin θ
2 2
1− cos θ sin θ
=
2 2
2+ cos θ sin θ

= RHS
Hence proved
71. L.H.S = (1 - sin θ + cos θ)2
2 2 2 2
U sing identity (a + b + c) = a +b +c + 2ab + 2bc + 2ac

= 1 + sin θ + cos θ − 2sinθ − 2sinθcosθ + 2cosθ

2 2

= 1 + 1 − 2sinθ − 2sinθcosθ + 2cosθ

= 2 + 2cosθ − 2sinθ − 2sinθcosθ
=2(1 + cosθ) − 2sinθ(1 + cosθ)
= (1 + cosθ)(2 − 2sinθ)

16 / 19
 =2(1 + cosθ)(1 − sinθ)
= R.H.S
72. We know that,
2 2
Sec θ − tan θ = 1

(secθ + tanθ)(secθ − tanθ) = 1

(p)(secθ − tanθ) = 1

secθ − tanθ =
1

p
Hence proved
secθ + tanθ = p ....(i) and secθ − tanθ = 1

p
....(ii)
Add equation i and ii
1
secθ + tanθ + secθ − tan θ = p +
p

2
p +1
2secθ =
p
2
1 p +1
=
cosθ 2p

2p
cosθ =
2
p +1
−−−−−−−−
Now, sinθ = √1 − cos 2
θ
−−−−−−−−−
2p
2
sinθ = √1 − ( )
2
p +1

−−−−−−−−−−
2
4p
sinθ = √1 −
4 2
1+ p +2p

−−−−−−−
4 2
1+ p −2p
sinθ = √
1+ p4 +2p2

−−−−−−
2
1−p
2
sinθ = √( )
2
1+p

2
1−p
sinθ =
2
1+p

73. Given,
cos A - sin A = m
⇒ (cos A - sin A)2 = m2
⇒ cos2 A + sin2 A - 2 cos A sin A = m2
⇒ 1 -2 cos A sin A = m2 ...(i)

Also given,
cos A + sin A = n
⇒ (cos A + sin A)2 = n2
⇒ cos2 A + sin2 A + 2 cos A sin A= n2
⇒ 1 + 2 cos A sin A = n2 ...(ii)

Adding (i) & (ii), we get :-

(1 - 2cosAsinA) + (1 + 2cosAsinA) = m2 + n2
⇒
m2 + n2 = 2 .....(iii)

Similarly, on subtracting equation (ii) from (i) we get :-

- 4 cos A sin A = m2 - n2 ...(iv)

Now, L.H.S.
2 2
m −n
= 2 2
m +n
−4 cos A sin A
=
2
[from (iii) & (iv) ]
= - 2 sin A cos A
2 2
m −n
So, = −2SinAC osA ......(v)
m2 + n2

Now,

17 / 19
 -2sinAcosA
−2 sin A cos A
= 1

(∵ sin2 A + cos2 A = 1)
−2 sin A⋅cos A
=
2 2
sin A+ cos A
−2 sin A c os A

sin A c os A
=
sin 2 A+c os2 A

sin A⋅c os A

−2
=
2 2
sin A c os A
+
sin A⋅c os A sin A⋅c os A
−2
=
tan A+cot A

−2
So, -2sinAcosA = tan A+cot A
......(vi)
Now, from (v) & (vi) ,

2 2
m −n −2

2 2
= - 2 sin A . cos A = tan A+cot A
Hence, Proved.
m +n

74. We have,
4 (sin
4
60
∘
+ cos
4 ∘
30 ) − 3 (tan
2
60
∘
− tan
2 ∘
45 ) + 5 cos
2
45
∘
…(1)
Now,
∘ ∘
√3
∘ 1 ∘ – ∘
sin 60 = cos 30 = , cos 45 = , tan 60 = √3, tan 45 = 1
2 √2

So by substituting above values in equation (1)

We get,
4 ∘ 4 ∘ 2 ∘ 2 ∘ 2 ∘
4 (sin 60 + cos 30 ) − 3 (tan 60 − tan 45 ) + 5 cos 45

4 4 2
√3 √3 – 2 2 1
= 4 (( ) + ( ) ) − 3 ((√3) − 1 ) + 5 × ( )
2 2 √2

4 4
( √3) ( √3) 2
1
= 4( + ) − 3(3 − 1) + 5 ×
4 4 2
2 2 ( √2)

9 9 1
= 4( + ) − 3(2) + 5 ×
16 16 2

9+9 5
= 4( ) − 6 +
16 2

18 5
= 4( ) − 6 +
16 2

Now, 18

16
gets reduced to 9

Therefore,
4 ∘ 4 ∘ 2 ∘ 2 ∘ 2
4 (sin 60 + cos 30 ) − 3 (tan 60 − tan 45 ) + 5 cos 45

9 5
= 4( ) − 6 +
8 2

36 5
= − 6 +
8 2
36 9
Now, 8
gets reduced to 2

Therefore,
4 ∘ 4 ∘ 2 ∘ 2 ∘ 2
4 (sin 60 + cos 30 ) − 3 (tan 60 − tan 45 ) + 5 cos 45
9 5
= − 6 +
2 2

Now by taking LCM

We get,
4 ∘ 4 ∘ 2 ∘ 2 ∘ 2
−4 (sin 60 + cos 30 ) − 3 (tan 60 − tan 45 ) + 5 cos 45
9 6×2 5
= − +
2 1×2 2
9 12 5
= − +
2 2 2
9−12+5
=
2
14−12
=
2
2
=
2

=1
Therefore,
4 ∘ 4 ∘ 2 ∘ 2 ∘ 2 ∘
4 (sin 60 + cos 30 ) − 3 (tan 60 − tan 45 ) + 5 cos 45 = 1

75. In right △AMB,

tan B = 3

4
AM 3
⇒ =
BM 4

18 / 19
⇒ 4AM = 3BM ⇒ BM = 4

3
AM ...(i)
In right △AMC,
tan C = AM

MC
5 AM
⇒ =
12 MC

⇒ MC = 12

5
AM ...(ii)
Now, BM + MC = BC
4

3
AM + AM = 5612

AM ( 4

3
+
12

5
) = 56
20+36
AM ( 15
) = 56
56×15
⇒ AM = 56

= 15 cm

19 / 19