Chapter review

1 a i sin 40°cos10° - cos40°sin10° 2 As cos(x - y) = sin y

1 cos x cos y + sin x sin y = sin y (1)
= sin(40° - 10°) = sin30° =
2 Draw a right-angled triangle,
1 1 1
ii cos15° − sin15° where sin x =
2 2 5
= cos 45°cos15° - sin 45°sin15°
1
= cos(45° + 15°) = cos60° =
2

1- tan15° tan 45° - tan15°

iii =
1+ tan15° 1+ tan 45° tan15°
3 Using Pythagoras' theorem,
= tan(45° - 15°) = tan30° =
3
( 5) - 1 = 4 Þ a = 2
2
a2 =
2
So cos x =
5
Substitute into (1) :
2 1
cos y + sin y = sin y
5 5
Þ 2cos y + sin y = 5sin y
Þ 2cos y = sin y ( 5 -1 )
2 æ sin y ö
Þ = tan y çè tan y = cos y ÷ø
5 -1

Þ tan y =
2 ( 5 +1 )
( 5 -1 )( 5 +1 )
=
2 ( 5 +1 )= 5 +1
4 2

1 1 1
3 a tan A = 2, tan B = since y = x -
3 3 3

b The angle required is ( A - B).

tan A - tan B
Using tan( A - B) =
1+ tan Atan B
2 - 13 5
= = 3
=1
1+ 2 ´ 13 53
Þ A - B = 45°

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4 6 a

sin A = 35 ,cos A = 4
5
sin B = 135 ,cos B = 12
13

sin B sinC i sin( A + B) = sin Acos B + cos Asin B

Using =
b c 3 12 4 5 56
sin(q - 30°) sin(q + 30°) = ´ + ´ =
Þ = 5 13 5 13 65
4 5
Þ 5sin(q - 30°) = 4sin(q + 30°) 2 tan B
ii tan 2B =
Þ 5(sin q cos30° - cosq sin30°) 1- tan 2 B
= 4(sin q cos30° + cosq sin30°) 2 ´ 125 5
= = 6
Þ sin q cos30° = 9cosq sin30° 1- ( 12 )
2 119
5
144

sin q sin30°
Þ =9 = 9 tan30° =
5 144 120
´ =
cosq cos30° 6 119 119
3
Þ tan q = 9 ´ =3 3
3 (
b cosC = cos 180° - ( A + B) )
= - cos( A + B)
5 As the three values are consecutive terms
of an arithmetic progression, = -(cos Acos B - sin Asin B)
æ 4 12 3 5 ö
sin(q - 30°) - 3cosq = sinq - sin(q - 30°) = -ç ´ - ´ ÷
è 5 13 5 13 ø
Þ 2sin(q - 30°) = sin q + 3cosq
33
Þ 2(sin q cos30° - cosq sin30°) =-
65
= sin q + 3cosq
Þ 3sinq - cosq = sin q + 3cosq 7 a cos2x º 1- 2sin 2 x

( ) ( )
2
Þ sin q 3 - 1 = cosq 3 +1 æ 2 ö 8 3
= 1- 2ç ÷ = 1- 5 = - 5
è 5ø
3 +1
Þ tan q =
3 -1 b cos2 y º 2cos 2 y - 1
3 +1 æ 3 ö
2
æ 9 ö 4
Calculator value is q = tan -1 = 75° = 2ç ÷ - 1 = 2 ç 10 ÷ - 1 = 5
3 -1 è 10 ø è ø
No other values as q is acute.

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7 c 1
9 b tan 2q = , for 0 2q 2p
3
p 7p p 7p
2q = , Þq = ,
6 6 12 12

10 a cos 2q = 5sin q
Þ cos 2q - 5sin q = 0
tan x + tan y Þ 1- 2sin 2 q - 5sinq = 0
i tan(x + y) =
1- tan x tan y Þ 2sin 2 q + 5sin q - 1 = 0
2 + 13 37 a = 2, b = 5 and c = −1
= = =7
1 - 23 13
b 2sin 2 q + 5sin q - 1 = 0
tan x - tan y 53 Using the quadratic formula
ii tan(x - y) = = =1
1+ tan x tan y 53 -5 ± 52 - 4(2)(-1)
As x and y are acute, and x > y, sin q =
2(2)
x - y is acute -5 ± 33
=
p æ 5p ö 4
So x - y = ç it cannot be
4 è 4 ÷ø sin q = 0.1861 , for -p q p
sinq is positive so solutions in the first
8 a sin(x + y) º sin x cos y + cos x sin y and second quadrants
= 12 + 13 = 56
q = sin -1 0.1861, p - sin -1 0.1861
5sin( x - y ) º 5(sin x cos y - cos x sin y )
q = 0.187, 2.954 (3 d.p.)
= 5 ( 12 - 13 ) = 5 ´ 61 = 5
6

11 a cos(x - 60°) = cos x cos60° + sin x sin60°

1
sin x cos y 3
b = 2
1
= 1
=
cos x +
3
sin x
cos x sin y 3
2 2 2
tan x 3 1 3
Þ = So 2sin x = cos x + sin x
tan y 2 2 2
so tan x =
3tan y 3k
= æ 3ö 1
Þ ç2- ÷ sin x = cos x
2 2 ç 2 ø÷ 2
è
1
2 tan x 3k 1 2 1
c tan 2x = = Þ tan x = 2
= ´ =
1 - tan x 1 - 94 k 2
2 2- 2
3
2 4- 3 4- 3
12k
= 1
4 - 9k 2 b tan x = = 0.44 (2 d.p.) , in the
4- 3
interval 0° q 360°
9 a 3sin 2q + 2sin 2 q = 1
3sin 2q = 1- 2sin 2 q = cos 2q tan x is positive so solutions in the first
and third quadrants
sin 2q 1 1
= Þ tan 2q = x = 23.8°, 203.8°
cos 2q 3 3

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12 a cos(x + 20°) = sin(90° - 20° - x) 13 b cos(x + 270°)
= sin(70° - x) º cos x°cos 270° - sin x°sin 270°
= sin70°cos x - cos70°sin x (1) = (-0.8)(0) - (0.6)(-1)
4sin(70° + x) = 4sin70°cos x = 0 + 0.6 = 0.6
+ 4cos70°sin x (2)
cos(x + 540°)
As (1) = (2) º cos x°cos540° - sin x°sin540°
4sin70°cos x + 4cos70°sin x = (-0.8)(-1) - (0.6)(0)
= sin70°cos x - cos70°sin x
= 0.8 - 0 = 0.8
5sin x cos 70° = -3sin 70° cos x
tan x = - 35 tan 70° 14 a One example is sufficient to disprove
a statement. Let A = 60°, B = 0°
b tan x = - 35 tan 70° , for 0° q 180° sec( A + B ) = sec(60° + 0°)
1
tan q is negative so the solution is in the = sec 60° = =2
second quadrant cos 60°
1
x = 180° + tan -1 ( - 35 tan 70° ) sec A = sec 60° = =2
cos 60°
x = 180° - tan -1 (-1.648) 1
sec B = sec 0° = =1
x = 180° - (-58.8°) = 121.2° cos 0°
So sec A + sec B = 2 + 1 = 3
13 a Draw a right-angled triangle and find So sec(60° + 0°)  sec 60° + sec 0°
sin a and cos a .
Þ sin( A + B ) º sec A + sec B is not true
for all values of A, B.

b LHS º tan q + cot q

sin q cosq
º +
cosq sinq
sin 2 q + cos 2 q
º
sin q cosq
Þ sin a = 53 , cos a = 4
5
1
3sin(q + a ) + 4 cos(q + a ) º 1
sin 2q
º 3(sin q cos a + cos q sin a )
2

+ 4(cos q cos a - sin q sin a ) Using sin 2 q + cos 2 q º 1, and

º 3 ( 45 sin q + 35 cos q ) sin 2q º 2sin q cosq
2
+ 4 ( 45 cos q - 35 sin q ) So LHS º
sin 2q
º 125 sin q + 95 cos q + 165 cos q - 125 sin q º 2cosec 2q
º 25
5
cos q º 5cos q º RHS

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 2 tan q p 16 b Sketch y = 2sin(x - 60°) by first
15 a Using tan 2q º with q =
1 - tan q
2
8 translating y = sin x by 60° to the
p 2 tan p8 right and then stretching the result
Þ tan =
4 1 - tan 2 p8 in the y direction by scale factor 2.
p
Let t = tan
8
2t
So 1 =
1- t2
Þ 1 - t 2 = 2t
Þ t 2 + 2t - 1 = 0
-2 ± 8 -2 ± 2 2
Þ t= =
2 2
Graph meets y-axis when x = 0,
= -1 ± 2

As
p p
is acute, tan is positive,
i.e. y = 2sin(-60°) = - 3, at 0,- 3 ( )
8 8 Graph meets x-axis when y = 0,
p i.e. (-300°, 0), (-120°, 0),
so tan = 2 - 1
8 (60°, 0), 240°, 0)
3p æ p p ö tan p4 + tan p8 17 a Let 7cos 2q + 24sin 2q º Rcos(2q - a )
b tan = tan ç + ÷ =
8 è 4 8 ø 1 - tan p4 tan p8 º R cos 2q cos a + R sin 2q sin a

=
1+ ( )= 2
2 -1
R > 0, 0 < a <
p
1- ( 2 - 1) 2 - 2
2
Compare cos 2q : R cos a = 7 (1)
2 (2 + 2 ) Compare sin 2q : R sin a = 24 (2)
=
( 2 - 2 )(2 + 2 ) Divide (2) by (1) : tan a = 24
7

Þ a = 1.29
=
2
2
(2 + 2 ) = 2 + 1 R 2 = 242 + 7 2 Þ R = 25
So 7 cos 2q + 24sin 2q º 25 cos(2q - 1.29)

16 a Let sin x - 3cos x º Rsin(x - a ) b 14cos2q + 48sin q cosq

º R sin x cos a - Rcos x sin a æ 1+ cos 2q ö
R > 0, 0 < a < 90° º 14 ç
è 2 ÷ø + 24(2sin q cos q )
Compare sin x: Rcos a = 1 (1)
º 7(1+ cos 2q ) + 24sin 2q
Compare cos x: Rsin a = 3 (2) º 7 + 7cos 2q + 24sin 2q
Divide (2) by (1): tan a = 3 The maximum value of
Þ a = 60° 7cos 2q + 24sin 2q is 25

( ) ( using (a) with cos(2q - 1.29) = 1)

2
R2 = 3 + 12 = 4 Þ R = 2
So maximum value of
So sin x - 3cos x º 2sin(x - 60°)
7 + 7 cos 2q + 24sin 2q = 7 + 25 = 32

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17 c Using the answer to part a: q
Solve 25cos(2q - 1.29) = 12.5 19 a sin 2 = 2sin q
2
cos(2q - 1.29) = 12 1- cosq
= 2sin q
p p 2
2q - 1.29 = - ,
3 3 1- cosq = 4sin q
q = 0.119902..., 1.167099... 4sin q + cosq = 1
q = 0.12, 1.17
Let 4sin q + cos q = R sin(q + a )
18 a Let 1.5sin 2x + 2cos 2x º Rsin(2x + a ) = R sin q cos a + R cos q sin a
º R sin 2 x cos a + R cos 2 x sin a So R cos a = 4 and R sin a = 1
p R sin a 1
R > 0, 0 < a < = tan a =
2 R cos a 4
Compare sin 2 x : R cos a = 1.5 (1) a = tan ( 4 ) = tan -1 0.25 = 14.04 (2 d.p.)
-1 1

Compare cos 2 x : R sin a = 2 (2) R 2 = 42 + 12 = 17

Divide (2) by (1) : tan a = 4
3 4sin q + cosq = 17 sin(q + 14.04°) = 1
Þ a = 0.927
R 2 = 22 + 1.52 Þ R = 2.5 b 17 sin(q + 14.04°) = 1, for 0° q 360°

b 3sin x cos x + 4cos 2 x 1

sin(q + 14.04°) = = 0.24 (2 d.p.)
3 æ 1 + cos 2 x ö 17
º (2sin x cos x) + 4 ç ÷
2 è 2 ø q + 14.04° = sin -1 0.24 = 14.04°, for
3 14.04° £ q + 14.04° £ 374.04°
º sin 2 x + 2 + 2 cos 2 x
2 q + 14.04° = 14.04°, 165.96°, 374.04°
3
º sin 2 x + 2 cos 2 x + 2 q = 0°, 151.9°, 360°
2
20 a 2cosq = 1+ 3sin q
c From part (a) 1.5sin 2x + 2cos2x
So 2cosq - 3sin q = 1
º 2.5sin(2x + 0.927)
Let 2cosq - 3sin q = Rcos(q + a )
So maximum value of = R cos q cos a - R sin q sin a
1.5sin 2x + 2cos 2x = 2.5 ´ 1 = 2.5
So R cos a = 2 and Rsin a = 3
So maximum value of R sin a 3
= tan a =
3sin x cos x + 4cos 2 x = 2.5 + 2 = 4.5 R cos a 2
a = tan ( 2 ) = 56.3° (1 d.p.)
-1 3

R 2 = 2 2 + 32 = 13
R = 13
So 2cosq - 3sin q = 13cos(q + 56.3°) = 1

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20 b 13 cos(q + 56.3°) = 1, for 0° q 360° 21 d LHS º 1+ 2cos2q + (2cos 2 2q -1)
1 º 2cos 2q + 2cos 2 2q
cos(q + 56.3°) = ,
13 º 2cos 2q (1+ cos 2q )
for 56.3° £ q + 56.3° £ 416.3° º 2cos 2q (2cos 2 q )
q + 56.3° = 73.9°, 286.1° (1 d.p.) º 4cos2 q cos 2q = RHS
q = 17.6°, 229.8° (1 d.p.)
1 - cos 2 x 1 - (1 - 2 sin 2 x )
22 a LHS º º
21 a LHS º
1
´
1
º1
1 1 + cos 2 x 1 + (2 cos 2 x - 1)
cos q sin q 2 sin 2q 2sin 2 x
º º tan 2 x = RHS
2 2
2cos x
º º 2cosec2q º RHS
sin 2q
b tan 2 x = 3
tan p4 + tan x tan p4 - tan x
b LHS º - tan x = ± 3, for - p x p
1 - tan p4 tan x 1 + tan p4 tan x
p 2p
tan x = 3 Þ x = , -
1 + tan x 1 - tan x 3 3
º - p 2p
1 - tan x 1 + tan x tan x = - 3 Þ x = - ,
3 3
(1 + tan x ) - (1 - tan x )
2 2

º 2p p p 2p
(1 - tan x )(1 + tan x ) x=- ,- , ,
3 3 3 3

º
(1 + 2 tan x + tan x ) 2

1 - tan 2 x 23 a LHS º cos4 2q - sin 4 2q

(
1 - 2 tan x + tan 2 x ) ( )(
º cos 2 2q - sin 2 2q cos2 2q + sin 2 2q )
-
1 - tan 2 x º ( cos 2q - sin 2q ) (1)
2 2

4 tan x º cos 4q º RHS

º
1 - tan 2 x
æ 2 tan x ö b cos 4q = 12 , for 0° 4q 720°
º 2ç ÷
è 1 - tan x ø
2
4q = 60°, 300°, 420°, 660°
º 2 tan 2 x º RHS q = 15°, 75°,105°, 165°

c LHS º (sin x cos y + cos x sin y)

1- (1- 2sin 2 q )
´ (sin x cos y - cos x sin y) 24 a LHS º
2sin q cosq
º sin 2 x cos 2 y - cos2 x sin 2 y 2sin 2 q
º
º (1- cos 2 x)cos2 y 2sin q cosq
- cos 2 x(1- cos 2 y) sin q
º º tan q = RHS
º cos 2 y - cos2 x cos2 y cosq
- cos2 x + cos 2 x cos 2 y
b When q = 180° , sin 2q = sin 360° = 0
º cos 2 y - cos2 x = RHS and 2 - 2cos 360° = 2 - 2 = 0
therefore q = 180° is a solution of the
equation sin 2q = 2 - 2 cos 2q

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24 c Rearrange sin 2q = 2 - 2 cos 2q to give 2 a As ÐOAB = ÐOBA Þ ÐAOB = p - 2q , so
2(1 - cos 2q ) ÐBOD = 2q
=1
sin 2q
Using the identity in part (a) gives
2 tan q = 1
1
Þ tan q = , for 0 < q < 360°
2
q = 26.6°, 206.6° (1 d.p.)

Challenge

1 a Using cos P + cosQ

æ P+Qö æ P-Q ö
º 2 cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø
and sin P - sinQ OB = 1
æ P +Q ö æ P -Q ö OD = cos 2q
º 2 cos ç ÷ sin ç ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø BD = sin 2q
cos 2q + cos 4q
LHS º AB = 2cosq
sin 2q - sin 4q
BD BD
æ 6q ö æ 2q ö sin q = =
2 cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷ AB 2cosq
º è 2 ø è 2 ø
So BD = 2sinq cosq
æ 6q ö æ -2q ö
2cos ç ÷ sin ç ÷ But BD = sin 2q
è 2 ø è 2 ø
2cos 3q cos q So sin 2q º 2sinq cos q
º
2cos 3q sin ( -q )
b AB = 2cosq
cos q AD = (2cosq )cosq = 2cos2 q
º º - cot q
sin ( -q )
OD = 2cos 2 q - 1
b LHS º cos x + 2cos3x + cos5x From part (a) OD = cos 2q
º cos5x + cos x + 2cos3x So cos 2q º 2cos 2 q - 1

æ 6x ö æ 4x ö
º 2cos ç ÷ cos ç ÷ + 2cos3x
è 2ø è 2ø
º 2cos3x cos 2x + 2cos3x
º 2cos3x(cos 2x + 1)
º 2cos3x(2cos2 x)
º 4cos 2 x cos3x º RHS

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