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Grammar Present Perfect

The document discusses the use of time expressions and sentence structure in the present perfect tense in English. It provides examples of how to use time expressions like "since," "for," and "yet" as well as guidelines for forming typical sentences and contractions in the affirmative and negative present perfect. Regular and irregular verb forms are also covered.

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67 views3 pages

Grammar Present Perfect

The document discusses the use of time expressions and sentence structure in the present perfect tense in English. It provides examples of how to use time expressions like "since," "for," and "yet" as well as guidelines for forming typical sentences and contractions in the affirmative and negative present perfect. Regular and irregular verb forms are also covered.

Uploaded by

Jaz Dala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Time Expressions in the Present Perfect

 Use since with a specific year or a period in the past > since


2002 / since I was a child
 Use for with a number of years > for twenty years
 Use ever and yet in questions and negatives
> Have you ever / hasn’t been yet
 Use already and never, just between have/has and the verb
> has already finished / have just been
 Use before, since, for, already, many times, so far, yet at the end
of a sentence or questions > Have you been there before?

The present perfect simple tense is used to


Describe actions that occurred in the past but are still relevant to the
present.

1. Rani has broken her arm. (She broke it in the past and can’t use her
arm now.)

Describe an action that started in the past but is still happening on a


regular or habitual basis (like the present simple).

1. The girls have played tennis at the club since 2005. (They started to


play tennis there in 2005 and still play there today. This does not mean
they are playing tennis at the moment.)

Describe actions that were repeated several times in the past.

1. I‘ve already made several calls. (Up until now)

The specific time in the past is unimportant, just the fact that it
happened.
Note: Time Expressions – Present Perfect
NEVER use the same time expressions that you use in the past simple
tense, such as: yesterday, a week ago, last night. You MAY use
unspecific time expressions such as: ever, never, since, for, already,
many times, before, so far, yet.

The Typical Present Perfect Sentence


In order to form a typical sentence in the present perfect simple,
choose a subject ((the person or thing that has done the action), add
an auxiliary (or helping) verb: has or have + the V3 (past participle)
form of the verb and then add the rest of the sentence.
Subject have/has +Verb(V3) Rest of Sentence
(Past Participle)

I / You / We / have met him before


They

He / She / It has lived here for three years

The V3 (past participle) form of a regular verb looks just like a regular
verb in the past simple:

1. walk > walked / study > studied / stop > stopped / create > created

There are quite a few irregular verbs in English. It pays to memorize


them.
Note: Has Had – A verb combination that often causes confusion in the
present perfect simple is has had or have had. Ex. I have had enough
of your complaining! Have is the auxiliary (or helping) verb and had is
the V3 (or past participle) of the main verb to have. It may look strange,
but it is correct.

Contractions in the Present Perfect Simple


In general, we contract the subject (the person or thing that has done
the action) and form of have:

1. I have > I’ve – I’ve used those images before.

2. He has > He’s / She has > She’s / It has > It’s – He’s already had the


surgery.

3. We have > We’ve / You have > You’ve / They are


> They’ve – We’ve just gotten home.

You may have noticed that the 3rd person singular (he, she, it)
contractions look like those in the present progressive. You can tell
them apart by the use of the V3 and from the context of the sentence:
he is > He’s eating now. / he has > He’s eaten dinner already
Save the long forms for when you want to create emphasis. When
speaking, you should stress the have/has.

1. He has sung that song. I know he has.

Negative Sentences in the Present Perfect Simple


Tense

Spelling Tip
When shortening the auxiliary verb have/has and the negative, just
remove the o in not and add an apostrophe (‘)
has not > hasn’t
have not > haven’t
When creating negative sentences, we usually use hasn’t or haven’t
together + the V3 (past participle) form of the verb. Save the long
forms (has not, and have not) for when you want to create emphasis.
When speaking, put the stress on ‘not’.

Subject Auxillery Verb in V3 Rest of


Verb (Past Sentence
Participle)

I / You / We / haven’t (have ridden a bike in many


They not) years

He / She / It hasn’t (has lost enough weight


not) yet

1. I haven’t eaten at that restaurant in a long time.

2. Jim hasn’t worked on Fridays since he joined the company.

3. My friends haven’t ever gone to France.

4. I have not forgiven you!

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