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Pumps in Parallel PDF

1. The document describes an experiment to demonstrate the operation and characteristics of centrifugal pumps connected in series and parallel. 2. Pumps in parallel can provide enough total flow to meet variable flow requirements by switching pumps on and off. Pumps in series are used when the head required is greater than what a single pump can produce. 3. The experiment involves testing a single pump, two pumps in series, and two pumps in parallel at various speeds and valve openings to determine flow rates, head produced, hydraulic power, and efficiency.

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Zezo Hassan
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30 views10 pages

Pumps in Parallel PDF

1. The document describes an experiment to demonstrate the operation and characteristics of centrifugal pumps connected in series and parallel. 2. Pumps in parallel can provide enough total flow to meet variable flow requirements by switching pumps on and off. Pumps in series are used when the head required is greater than what a single pump can produce. 3. The experiment involves testing a single pump, two pumps in series, and two pumps in parallel at various speeds and valve openings to determine flow rates, head produced, hydraulic power, and efficiency.

Uploaded by

Zezo Hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫‪LAP EXPERIMENTS‬‬

‫‪Turbo lap‬‬

‫االسم ‪ -:‬محمد السيد عبد العزيز حسن‬


‫الفرقة ‪ -:‬الرابعة قوي ميكانيكية‬
‫سكشن ‪7 -:‬‬
‫‪205 -: Serial No‬‬
‫رقم الجلوس ‪7567 -:‬‬
Experiment 1
Pumps in Parallel & Series

➢ Abstract

Pump is a used to transfer mechanical energy from a prime


mover into fluid energy to produce the flow of liquids. This
report describes an experiment to demonstrate the basic
operation and characteristics of centrifugal pumps. It is also
done to differentiate the flow rate and pressure head of a
single pump and two identical pumps that is run in series or
parallel.

➢ Introduction
The objective the experiment is to determine the flow rates and
pressure head of a single pump and of two identical pumps. In this
experiment, centrifugal pumps have been used to determine the flow
rates and the pressure head. This experiment is conducted in series
and parallel to identify the pressure different in both pumps.
Centrifugal pump is known as one of the most widely used pumps for
transferring liquids. It’s also known as a device to transfer mechanical
energy from a prime mover into fluid energy to produce the flow of
liquids. The pump is connected in 2 ways; in series and another as
parallel pump. Centrifugal pumps are connected in parallel because to
provide enough flow rates compare to centrifugal pump that
connected in series, the function is to provide enough head for the
flow of liquids.

1. Pumps in Parallel
Pumps are often installed in Parallel in systems which exhibit
considerable variations in flow or when the system has variable flow
requirements and when these requirements can be achieved by
switching the parallel pumps on and off. Typically, pumps installed in
parallel are of a similar type and size. The pumps however can be of a
different size, or the pumps can be speed-controlled which of course
means the pump performance curves will be different.

Pumps are sometimes installed in parallel in pressure booster


systems for water supply and for water supply in large buildings.
Operational advantages can be achieved by connecting two or more
pumps in parallel instead of installing just one single large pump. The
total pump output is usually only required for a limited period. If a
single pump was used in this instance, it would operate at a
comparatively lower efficiency.

When several smaller pumps are installed in parallel, the system can
be controlled to optimize or minimize the number of pumps operating
and the pumps which are on will operate at or close-to the BEP (best
efficiency point). To operate at the most optimal point, one of the
pumps installed in parallel must have variable speed control.
2. Pumps in Series
Many pumping applications require fluids to be transported over long
distances and against high static heads or total heads which are well
in excess of the head that can be developed by a single pump.
Examples of such scenarios would be, pumping tailings, power station
ash, underground fill and pumping concentrates. Centrifugal pumps
are occasionally installed in series to increase the operating range and
standby capacity of the plant. Multi-stage pumps can be considered as
a series type installation of single-stage pumps. However, single
stages in multi-stage pumps cannot be decoupled.
If one of the pumps in a series type installation is not operational, it
causes considerable resistance to the system. In an effort to overcome
this, a bypass with non-return valve could be installed.

Should the head of a single pump not be sufficient for an application, pumps can
be combined in series to obtain an increase in head. The combined pumps need
not be of the same design.
For two pumps in series:
(1) Q1 = Q2 = Q
(2) Hm = Hm1 + Hm2
(3) Hs = Hs1 + Hs2
Figure show the combined H-Q characteristic for the cases of identical pumps
connected in series. It will be observed that the operating point changes in the
case of two pumps.
➢ Method
Each configuration (single pump, two pumps in series,
and two pumps in parallel) will be tested at pump speeds
of 60, 70, and 80 rev/sec. For each speed, the bench
regulating valve will be set to fully closed, 25%, 50%,
75%, and 100% open. Timed water collections will be
performed to determine flow rates for each test, and the
head, hydraulic power, and overall efficiency ratings will
be obtained.
➢ Equipment
The following equipment is required to perform the
pumps experiment:
• P6100 hydraulics bench, and
• Stopwatch.

➢ Equipment Description

The hydraulics bench is fitted with a single centrifugal


pump that is driven by a single-phase A.C. motor and
controlled by a speed control unit. An auxiliary pump and
the speed control unit are supplied to enhance the output
of the bench so that experiments can be conducted with
the pumps connected either in series or in parallel.
Pressure gauges are installed at the inlet and outlet of
the pumps to measure the pressure head before and after
each pump. A watt-meter unit is used to measure the
pumps’ input electrical power.

➢ Theory

Consider The work done by the pump, per unit mass of


fluid, will result in increases in the pressure head, velocity
head, and potential head of the fluid between points 1
and 2.
Therefore:
• work done by pump per unit mass = W/M
• increase in pressure head per unit mass
• increase in velocity head per unit mass
• increase in potential head per unit mass
in which:-
• W: work
• M: mass
• P: pressure
• : density
• v: flow velocity
• g: acceleration due to gravity
• z: elevation
• Applying Bernoulli’s equation between points 1 and 2
results in:
•
• Since the difference between elevations and
velocities at points 1 and 2 are negligible, the
equation becomes:
•
• Dividing both sides of this equation by gives:
•
• The right side of this equation is the manometric
pressure head, Hm, therefore:
•
➢ Results and Calculations

• If the volumetric measuring tank was used, then


calculate the flow rate from:

• Correct the pressure rise measurement (outlet


pressure) across the pump by adding a 0.07 bar to
allow for the difference of 0.714 m in height between
the measurement point for the pump outlet pressure
and the actual pump outlet connection.
• Convert the pressure readings from bar to N/m2 (1
Bar=105 N/m2), then calculate the manometric head
from:

• Calculate the hydraulic power (in watts) where Q is


in m3/s, in kg/m3, g in m/s2, and Hm in meter.
• Calculate the overall efficiency.

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