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Chapter Two Theoretical Background: 2.2.1. Sim808 Gps and GSM Card

The document discusses the theoretical background of a project to develop "Smart Glasses" for blind people. It aims to prove that blind people can live independently without needing help at all times by allowing them to navigate on their own using sensors. The proposed system would use a SIM808 GPS and GSM module, ultrasonic sensor, Arduino Nano microcontroller, push button, connecting wires, and buzzer. It would obtain GPS coordinates and send an SMS with the location to a specified phone number when the ultrasonic sensor detects an obstacle within a set range. The system is intended to increase the independence and education levels of blind individuals.

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ابو علي الحيدري
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47 views5 pages

Chapter Two Theoretical Background: 2.2.1. Sim808 Gps and GSM Card

The document discusses the theoretical background of a project to develop "Smart Glasses" for blind people. It aims to prove that blind people can live independently without needing help at all times by allowing them to navigate on their own using sensors. The proposed system would use a SIM808 GPS and GSM module, ultrasonic sensor, Arduino Nano microcontroller, push button, connecting wires, and buzzer. It would obtain GPS coordinates and send an SMS with the location to a specified phone number when the ultrasonic sensor detects an obstacle within a set range. The system is intended to increase the independence and education levels of blind individuals.

Uploaded by

ابو علي الحيدري
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER TWO

Theoretical background

2.1. Introduction:
Most blind people are smart people and can study if they have the chance to be able to
study in normal schools because they are government school everywhere. Most people
thought blind people and people with vision difficulties cannot live alone and they
need help all the times. In fact, they do not need help all the times, they can depend on
them self in most of the times and they have the chance to live like a normal person in
this life. The main reason for implement “Smart Glasses” for blind people was to
prove for all people that blind people and people with vision difficulties have the
chance to live a normal life with normal people and study in any school or university
without the need for help all the times. By “Smart Glasses”, the percentage of
educated people will increase. [4]

2.2. Components of project:

2.2.1. Sim808 Gps and Gsm card:

SIM808 is a dual function module. It is one type of module which combines GSM and
GPS and from SIMCOM family. It is supporting GSM quad band network and GPS
for navigation of satellite. The sensitivity of the GPS module of SIM 808 is superior.
This sensitivity is achieved 22 tracking stations and 66 acquisition receiver stations. It
doesn’t consume high power; it might be connected with a 6V battery. One of its
advantages is that it has high GPS receiving sensitivity. There are four main pins in
this sim808 TX, RX, VCC and ground show in Figure (2-2). [3]

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Figure (2-1): - Sim808 GPS & GSM

2.2.2. Ultrasonic sonic HC-SR04:

It is an ultrasonic sensor, also known as an ultrasonic transducer that is based on a


transmitter and receiver and mainly used to determine the distance from the target
object with the wave length about 20kHz- 20 MHz.[5]

Figure (2-2): - Ultrasonic sonic HC-SR04

This sensor comes with a range between 2cm to 400cm and is used in a wide range of
applications including speed and direction measurement, wireless charging,
humidifiers, medical ultrasonography, sonar, burglar alarms, and non-destructive
testing. It measures accurate distance using a non-contact technology, a technology
that involves no physical contact between sensor and object. Transmitter and receiver
are two main parts of the sensor where former converts an electrical signal to
ultrasonic waves while later converts that ultrasonic signals back to electrical signals.
It gives precise measurement details and comes with accuracy (resolution) around
3mm, terming there might be a slight difference in the calculated distance from the
object and the actual distance. HC-SR04 contain 4 pins in total. [6]

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2.2.3. Arduino Nano 3.0

The Arduino Nano is a condensed Arduino that measures just 0.70" x 1.70". This size
is perfect for making your project smaller. The Nano has all the power of an Arduino
UNO, using the same ATmega328 microcontroller, but is a fraction of the size. It is
also handily fits into a breadboard, making it ideal for prototyping as well show in
Figure (2-1).

Figure (2-3): -Arduino Nano pins

It comes with an operating voltage of 5V, however, the input voltage can vary from 7
to 12V. Arduino Nano pinout contains 14 digital pins, 8 analog Pins, 2 Reset Pins & 6
Power Pins. [7]

2.2.4. Push button:

A push-button is a switch in the shape of a small button or knob. When it is pushed it


completes an electrical circuit that controls something. For example, a doorbell rings

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when a person pushes a button, or numbers are displayed on a calculator or even when
you are playing a machine game at an arcade.[8]

Figure (2-4): - Push button

2.2.5. Connecting wires:


Connecting wires provide a medium to an electrical current so that they can travel
from one point on a circuit to another. In the case of computers, wires are embedded
into circuit boards to carry pulses of electricity. Most wires in computers and
electronic components are made of copper or aluminum, because copper is cheap and
electrically conductive. [8]

Figure (2-5): - Connecting wires

In a basic circuit, the wire comes from one terminal of a power source, then connects
to a switch that determines whether the circuit is open or closed. The connected wires
of a device are used to draw power and electricity and perform specified tasks. Before
a current can travel through
the wire, the circuit has to be closed; in other words, there cannot be any breaks in the
path. Electricity cannot easily travel through air, and if it does there is a risk of stray
current leaking into the surroundings and causing damage or failing to power the
appliance.

2.2.6. Buzzer:

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,


electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke
Such buzzers are used in gas alarms, burglar alarms, etc. In this detector the buzzer
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gives the output sound when the distance 1.5-2m is detected by the sensor. So the
buzzer serves as the audio output of the detector. [8]

Figure (2-6): - Buzzer

2.3. Software:
By using Arduino IDE and Arduino c language, The GPS receiver obtains the data as a
whole NMEA format text. Only the latitude and longitude coordinates are taken from
it; using the Arduino GPS library. Then the GSM module sends SMS to the number
specified in the code.

The switch input based GPS needs a manual action to operates or send SMS. It is to
just send the location by ourselves. By just simple modifications the circuit can be
integrated with a wide range of sensors to detect obstacles Such as, using obstacles
detector sensor to manually send the location of the blind person by pressing push
button to specific phone number.

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