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Final Examination

This document contains a take-home final exam for an Introduction to Bioinstrumentation and Bioimaging course. It consists of 6 questions assessing the student's knowledge of topics covered during the semester, including bioimaging, bioelectric phenomena, blood glucose sensors, ECG/EMG/EOG measurement, and pulse oximetry. The questions require calculations, explanations of concepts, and short answers testing understanding of key principles and applications discussed in class.

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Natalie Wan
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177 views4 pages

Final Examination

This document contains a take-home final exam for an Introduction to Bioinstrumentation and Bioimaging course. It consists of 6 questions assessing the student's knowledge of topics covered during the semester, including bioimaging, bioelectric phenomena, blood glucose sensors, ECG/EMG/EOG measurement, and pulse oximetry. The questions require calculations, explanations of concepts, and short answers testing understanding of key principles and applications discussed in class.

Uploaded by

Natalie Wan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIEN 3410 Introduction to Bioinstrumentation and Bioimaging

Take-home Final Examination (Fall semester – Year 2022–2023)

(Due: 4 Dec 2022, 8:59 am, in Canvas)

Question 1 (Bioimaging): (3 marks)

A broadband laser (Gaussian spectrum; center wavelength = 800 nm; bandwidth = 200 nm) is used as the
light source, and a low-NA objective lens (focal length = 40 mm; back aperture size = 10 mm) is used as
the focusing lens in an optical-resolution photoacoustic microscope. (i) What is the theoretical lateral
resolution? (1 mark) (ii) What is the theoretical axial resolution? (1 mark) (iii) What are the expected
changes for both lateral and axial resolutions when we switch from an optical-resolution photoacoustic
microscope to an acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscope, or even to a photoacoustic tomorgraphy
imaging system? (1 mark) Explain your answer.

Question 2 (Bioelectric Phenomena): (3 marks)

Referring to the lecture materials, could you show the following for an equilateral triangle gesture?

𝑉𝐼 = 𝑝𝑦 ;

𝑉𝐼𝐼 = 0.5𝑝𝑦 − 0.87𝑝𝑧 ;

𝑉𝐼𝐼𝐼 = −0.5𝑝𝑦 − 0.87𝑝𝑧


Question 3 (Bioelectric Phenomena): (2 marks)

Table 1 shows the typical ion concentration values of frog skeletal muscle cells:

(a) Calculate the Nernst potential for each ion at the temperature of 37 oC. (1 mark)
(b) Calculate the transmembrane potential at 37 oC temperature with the Goldman equation. (1 mark)

Question 4 (Blood Glucose Sensor): (2 marks)

In the class, we have learned that the above design is used in blood glucose sensors.
(a) How does the measurement result look like (plot of Current against Time)? (1 mark)
(b) From (a), how do you do the data analysis in order to give fair information of glucose concentration?
(1 mark)
Question 5 (ECG, EMG, and EOG): (5 marks)

A student, Terrance, designs an EMG amplifier system (Fig. 5(a)) which is able to record the amplified
EMG signals from biceps muscles and eliminate or minimize the noise/interference signals. It is known
that the signals are mostly concentrated in the frequency band between 20 and 500 Hz.

Fig. 5(a)

Fig. 5(b)
(a) What are the purpose of putting the resistor (10 MΩ) and the capacitor (10 µF)? (1 mark)
(b) Describe the functions of the lowpass & highpass filters as well as their required specifications. (1 mark)
(c) What is the function of the notch filter (with notch frequency at 50 Hz)? In fact, it is not always a good
idea to have this notch filter for measuring EMG signals. Explain why. (1 mark)
(d) As we discussed in the class, we are normally interested in the “envelope” of the overall EMG signal,
rather than its “complicated features”. In order to extract the envelope, a rectifier is used to convert signal
A to signal B. Then, toolbox C is used to obtain the envelope signal C (Fig. 5(b)).
(i) What is a rectifier? Suggest a key electronic component in it in order to perform its function.
(1 mark)
(ii) What is the toolbox C and how can it be used to obtain the envelope signal C from signal B? (1 mark)
Question 6 (Pulse oximetry): (3 marks)
In the class, we discussed that a pulse oximeter has been regarded as one of the unofficial options for
COVID-19 rapid testing. According to the basic theory, explain why likely that a pulse oximeter is not a
trustworthy medical/ electronics product for such an application.

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