MANUA L

FO.R

M AUD SLE Y
p ER SON:A-LITY

~rofessor ofPsychology,:U~iv~rsity ,of Londo~

Psychologist Ma~d~ley,'.-and. B.ethle.m Royal ·Hospitals

Copyright 1959.by {Ll

: .
Eysenck, -Reprinted in India; l993
 MAUD SLEY PERSONA LITY INVENTO RY

The Maudsley Personality Inventory (M.P .I.) is the

result of many yeer, of developmen tal work. It was de-
signed to give a rough-and-r eady measure of two impor-
tant personality dimensions : Neuroticism . or emotionali-
ty, and Extraversio n. Each of these two tr~its are mea-
sured by means of 48 questions. carefully selected after
lengthy item analyses and factor analyses. The earlier
history of the developmen t of inventories for the pu ,r -
pose of measuring these two tr~its has been reviewed in
THE STRUCTUR E OF HUMAN PERSONAL ITY and the
detailed description . Qf the actual derivation of the
scales here presented has also been published earlier.
The theoretical background and the experiqaenta l valida-
tion of the concep~s ~f l)euroticism and extraversio n
have been given in a series of _books (mentioned in the
bibliography as S.No. 4, 5, 8). It must suffice here to say
that neuroticism refers to the general
. .
emotional stability
pf .a person. his emotional over responsiven ess, and his
stability fo neurotic breakdown under stress. Extraver-
sion, as opposed to introversion refers to the out-going,
uninhibited. sociable proclivities of a persc,i'I. The two
dimensions are conceived of as being quite indepen-
dent: thus all the theoretically possible combination s of
scores may in fact be observed.

The M .P.I. is much shorter than most other ques-

tionnaires; nevertheless ~ for certain purposes even ·48
questions may be too many t.o ask. Consequen tly, a
short form of the M .P.I. has been prepared: this consists
of two scales of six itenis each, taken from long form of
the scales. On -t he printed form of the Questionna ire,
these 12 questions making up the short form of the
M .P.I. have been given on the first page, immediately
~ r the instructions : thus If oniy the short form is to be
given, only the first page will have to be filled in by the

1
 su bje ct. If the~.t-t1U sc ale is to be
ac; tm inis ter ed . ' bo th aid es
of the sh ee t wil l of co urs e
ha ve to be fi_lled in by the
su bje ct.

T he M . P .I . ha s .b ee n ad mi nis
ter ed to lar ge nu m-
be r of su bje cts , bo th nQ rm al
an d ne uro tic .. Th e Ori gin al
sa mp le of 20 0 me n an d wo me n
on wh om ite m an aly se s
an d f ac tor an~aly se s we r~ ca
rrie d ou t ha s . sin ce be en
su pp lem en ted .. by -gr ou ps··o t stu
de nts -;-1nd usi -rta l appren-
tic es , nu rse s, an d t:i. q~ ota sa
mp le of the wh ole po pu la-
tio n ; a lso av ail ab l_e _ar ,._~~a ta on
va rio u~ ne1:1rotic gro up s,
on pri so ne rs. ~~d on su ffe rer s
fro m ps yc ho so ma tic dis -
ord ers . A de tai led su rve y of rr~
any of the se res ult s, mo st
of the m un pu bli sh ed , ha s be en
giv en by A. •Je ns en . As
sta nd ard iza tio n da ta, on ly on
the no rm al qu ota sa mp le
ha s be en us ed , an_d the va rio us
in Ta bte I. In ad dit ion . lar g·e nu
ab no rm al gro up s set~
mb ers of Am eri ca n st~ -
ou t
de nts ha ve be en tes ted by A. W.
Be nd ing . of the Un ive r-
sit y of Pit tsb urg h, an d by va rio
us oth er Am eri ca n Inv es -
tig ato rs; d_etails of the se res ea
rch es will i.n · du e -co urs e
t •e ,p ublis he g__in ._Am eri ca n Jo
urn als . bu t wo uld no t ..be
includ ed he re ~_ -ex ce pt ins ofa r as cit ed in Ta ble
,,, ,Je bte d to ma ny co lle ag ue s for . I. I ~m
co ntr ibu tin g da ta; some
of the ir na me s wil l be fou nd els
ew he re.

RE LI AB IL IT Y OF S CA LE S
Bo th sp lit- ha lf an d Ku de r-R ich
ard so n rel iability
co eff ici en ts ha ve be en ca lcu lat ed
on ma ny sa mp les . Fo r
the Ne uro tic ism sc ale , the se
va lue s ne arl y all He be -
tw ee n .85 . an d .90 : for the E xtr
av era lon sc ale , the y lie
be tw ee n . 75 an d .85 wit h the ma
jor ity ab ov e .80 . Re test
rel iab ilit ies are av ail ab le on ly on
ab ou t 10 0 ca se s; th• Y
are .83 an d .81 re sp ec tiv ely .~
reg ard s the sh ort sca le.
sp lit- ha lf rel lab lllt lea on a qu ota
sa mp le of 2,0 00 men
an d women we re .80 an d . 72 .

2
 COR RELATIONS OF TH E SCALE S WITH OTHER
INVENTORIES

The correla t ions between the long and t h e s hort

M.P.I. scale s a re .86 and .87 respe ctive ly for N and E .
The Heron ne uroticism and socia bility scales c orre late
.64 and .80 :w ith the corresponding M . P.I . scales; the
Cattell's n euroticism and introversion scales c orrelate
.34 and .53 (forms A and B), and_.65 and .67 (forms C
and D) w ith the corresponding M.P.I. scales. (The cor re -
lati9n were derived from ·134 neurotJc_s.). The Taylo r
Man_ifest Anxiety Scale correlates . 77 with N and - .35
with E on 254 American students. Correlation with the
Guilfo rd C and R scales were . 92 and . 79·respectively in
the o riginal item analysis group of _4 00. Correlations with
the M innes·ota T.S.E. scales on 87 students and studen t
nurses ~eie as follows: . . . -

N with T = .04;
N with S -·= ~33;
N with E. = . 17;
E .with T = -.05:
E witb S - .81 :
E witl'I E = -.08.

In summary: N correlates with the Heron and

CaUf!U ne~roticism scales, the _ G uirford C scale. and the
Taylor s~a le. E correlates with the Heron a n d Cattell
extraversion s c a les, the Guilford R sca le, the Minnesota
sociabiUty scale, and 11eg ativ~ly with the Taylor scale .

3
 CO RR EL AT IO N BE TW EE
N NE U RO TI CI SM AN D
EX TR A VE R SI O N

Th eo re tic al ly, th e tw o di m en
de nt , an d co ns eq ue nt ly ·ze si on s ar e in de pe n-
ro co rre la tio ns wo ul d be ex
pe c te d be tw ee n th em . O -
n so m e 20 di ffe re nt no rm
sa m pl es in bo th En gl.a nd an al
d Am er ic a th e ac tu al co rre la-
~io n ha s ~e en in th e ne ig hb
ou rh oc ;,d of - .1 5; oc ca sio na lly
so m e sa m pl es gi ve po si tiv e
co rre la tio ns an d ot he rs giv e
hig he r ne ga tiv e co rre la tio
ns . Th er e ap pe ar s to be no
do ub t th at -w hi le th e sc al ~s
ar e al m os t en tir el y in de pe n-
de n t , ye t th er e ·1s a ve ry
sl ig ht ne ga tiv e co rre la tio n in
n1os t sa m pl es ; Fo r th e sh
or t sc al e. a co rre la tio n of -.0
w as fo un d in a qu ot $ sa ·m 5
pl e of 1, 60 0 m en an d wo m en
f n n eu ro tic , ·ps yc_h os om at ic an d pr is on er gr ou .
e r, th e co rre la ti_ ps ho wev-
o n ris es to be tw ee n -.3 0 an
co rre la tio ns ca n be fo un d in· d -.4 0; sim ila r
no rm al gr ou ps wh en on ly
su bj ec ts wi th hi gh ne ur ot ic
is m ar e in clu de d. Th e ca us e
of t h is ph en om en on lie s
in th e no n- lin ea·rit y of th e re
g re ss io n lin es at hi gh in tro -
ve rs io n sc or es ; th is st ud y
ba se d on a sa m pl e of 1, 20 is
0 no rm al .s ub j ec ts . Th e th eo
re tic al ex pl an at io n of th is ph -
~n om en on lie s pr ob ab ly in a
po s iti ve fe ed -b ac k .e ffe ct
of th e hi gh co nd iti on in g po te
t ia l be lie ve d to un de rli e in n-
tro ve rs io n, an d th e hi gh au
no m ic re ac tiv ity be lie ve d to -
to un de rli e ne ur ot ici sm . W
ev er th e -c au se , ca re sh ou ha t-
ld be ta ke n in ex pe rim en ts
co nc er ne d with th e co rre la
te s ·of ex tra ve rs io n- in tro ve r-
sio n . so th at th e -ex tre m e
gr ou ps ha vin g ve ry hi gh an
ve ry lo w sc or es re sp ec tiv el d
y on E ar e n1 at ch ed on ne u-
ro tic ism scores: un le ss ca re
fu l m at ch in g Is ca rri ed ou t in
th e gr ou p with hi gh E . Th
e sc or es a re lik el y to ha ve
lo we r N scores th an th e lo w
E gr ou p.
 STAN DARD IZATI ON DATA

Table 1 gives the most releva nt standa rdizati on

data. The groups emplo yed have alread y been dis-
cussed bri~fly ; it should be added that the hospit al
· groups ·of neurot ics were diagno sed by experi enced psy-.
chiatri sts or else had their case - papers carefu lly scruti-
nized by three experi enced c linica l psych ologis ts who
arrived at a unanim ous dia gnos is indepe ndentl y. The
numbe r of cases in s ub-gro ups are rJot l arge. but suc-
cessiv e small sample s from differe nt hos pitals showe d
great stabilit y in means and varian ces.

TABLE - 1
STANDARDIZATION GROUPS

Desaiption of Group Size Nmean Nsd E mean · E·sd

Noonals (English) Quota Sample 1.800 19.89 11.02 24.91 9.71

Normals (American students) 1.500 20.91 10.69 . 28.53 8.28

Dyslhymics (Hospital:Patients) 84 38~1·e 10.84 177.86 10.02

Prisoners (Recidivists) 14; 30.35 10.73 24.09 9.1-1

Hysterics (Hospital Patients) 58 30.82 11.84 24.91 9.26

Psychoso matics {Hospital Patients) 108 35.69 10.89 25.38 . 9.33

Psychopaths (Hospital Patients) 36 35.58 10.91 30.17 9.51

SHORT SCALE

Nonnals (English) : Quota Sample 1.600 6.15 3.33 7.96 2.97

5
 V A LI D A TI O N O F S C A L E S

In a se ns e. th e d at a in
Ta bl ~ 1, m ay se rv e as
va lid at io n of th e sc a le s. be
ca us e th e ge ne ra l th eo ry
de rly in g th e co ns tru ct io n un~
of th e s~ al es de m an ds th
dy st hm ic ne ur ot ic s. i.~ th o~ at
e s uf fe nn g fr ?m anxiety, re
ac tiv e de pr es si on . ob se ss -
1o na l/c om pu ls 1v e s ym pt om
ph ob ia s, et ~. sh ou ld ha ve s,
hi gh sc or es -o n ne ur ot ic is
an d in tr ov er si on , w hi le m
ps yc ho pa th s an d hy st er
sh ou ld ha ve hi gh sc or e on ne ic s
ur ot ic i sm an d ex tr av er si on .
In de ed , hy st er ic s an d ps yc
ho pa th s ar e fo un d to be si
ntfic an tly m or e ex trave rt ed g-
th an th e dy st hy m ic s. an d au
ne ur ot ic gr ou ps ar e hi gh er
on ne ur ot ic is m th an ar e th
no rm al gr ou ps . Th e h_ e
y st er ic s ar e no m or e ex tra
th an th e no rm al s; th is fin di ve rte d
ng is no t qu ite in lin e wi th
-e xp ec ta tio n, bu t ha s be en re
pe at ed on se ve ra l sa m pl es
an d m us t be , ac ce pt ed ~ Th e po si tio n of th e re ci
pr is on e_rs an d th e ps yc ho so . di vi st
m at ic gr ou p .is cl os e to the
hy st er ic s, a fin di ng w hi ch is
no t un ex pe ct ed .
An al te rn at iv e, an d pe rh ap
s a su pe rio r m et ho d of
va lid at io n in vo lves th e co nc
ep t of co ns tr uc t va lid ity . i.e
th e v aUda tio n of a gi ve n .
m ea su re . by its in co rp or at
w ith in a sc ie nt ifi c sy st em _ io n
~r no m o1·o gi ca l •n et w or k.
ha s be en at te m pt ed in th e Th is
de ve l.o pm en t of th e M .P J
an d .the ·r es ul ts ha ve be en re .•
po rt ed in •Th e D yn am ic s O
An xi et y an d H ys te ria : on th f
e w ho le ve rif ic at io n of pr
di ct io ns ha_s be en fo rth -c om e-
nu m be r of in st ~n ce s. Th is
in g in 'a su rp ris in gl y la rg e
w or k is s til l be in g co nt in ue
a nd re po ~s of it ar e pe rio d.
di ca lly ap pe ar in g in th e re le
va nt En gl is h an d Am er ic an -
Jo ur na ls . .
 AGE , SEX AND C LAS S DIF FER ENC ES

Whi le diffe renc es due to thes e fact ors hav e bee n

fou_n d to exist. they are too slig ht to war rant the prep ara-
e
tion of sep ar~t e norm s . How eve r. for gen eral guid anc
er
the follo wing fact s may be note d . Wom en hav e high
r
scor es on neu ro-t icism by abo ut one third S .D .; lowe
;ar
clas s and you nge r age grou p also tend to hav e hio?-
ec-
sco re on N by qua rter S.D . and one -fiftr , S .D. resp
a-
tivel y. On E, men hav e bee n foun d slig htly mor e extr
vert ed than wom en, but by only one -six th S. D . Inte rac-
ent
tion s are insi gnif ican t thro ugh out. Amo ng U .S. stud
grou ps also . wom en hav e bee n foun d slig htly less stab le
isti-
on N by 0'1e -sixt h S. O. All thes e diffe renc es are stat
ca~ly sign ifica nt, but with the pos sibl e exc epti on of sex
psy -
diff~ renc es on N. are not of a size to mak e the,: n
chql ogic ally sign ifica nt.

INS TRU CTIO NS FO R THE USE OF THE SCA LE

Inst ruct ions for li.ter ate sub ject s · are prin ted on
d to
eac h cop y of the M.P .I.: thes e s·ho uld be read a·lou
ed
grou ps of sub ject s. or be read sile ntly by sub ject s test
lndM dua lly. The y sho uld not be amp lifie d or aler ted
in
afte r
any way . Whe n the que stio nna ires are coll ecte d
com plet ion. care sho uld be take n to che ck that all que s-
tJ~ns hav e bee n ans wer ed: whe re ans we_rs are miss ing
s-
sub ject s sho uld hav e thei r atte ntio n draw n to the omi
may
sion s. With illite rate or blin d sub ject s the que stio ns
uld
be read alou d and the ans wer s reco rded . ·Thi s sho
ent,
nev er be don e whe n any one but the sub ject is pres
d-
and on no acc oun t mus t the exa min er cha nge the wor
ing of the que stio n, amp lify or inte rpre t it. or give advi ce
-
to the sub ject on how t~ ans wer it. Com plet ed q-ues tion
.nair es sho uld be scru tiniz ed for the num ber of .. ?" re-

7
sp on ses,. th is num ber shou l d be reco rd ed on the f r on t
page . If thi s num ber exce eds 10. resu It s· a r e o f very
doub tful va l ue ; the s_u bj ect may be rete st e d. and part _of
the instr uctio ns r~_lating to u se o f ·•?" resp ons es brou gh t
to his spec ial atten tion .

S ~OR ING

The inve ntory ,s scor ed _d irect ly from the test form s. It

shou ld b e mad e clea r to the subj ects that their answ ers mus t
be m arke d insld e,_U.,e.bqx es. If it is mark ed outs ide or abov e
the boxe s. prop er corre ction s shou ld be mad e befo ~ scor ing.
The test form s s~o~ ld be scan ned to asce rtain that only one
answ er has been m~r k~ for each ques tion. The scor ing .steo
-
cil s hould now be plac ed alon g the anch oring points m~d e on
the test fo rm. The raw scor es may _be chec ked and adde d
to
give a total of N and E scor es resp ectiv ely. It may be note d
that au the item s answ erab le in cate gory yes" are assig ned
11

w ith a wattage of 2 :sco.r~~ ,(~c ept for item _. nos. - 14, 16, 18.
22, 24-. 30. 36 and 40 -whi ch belo ng to extraversion dime n-
sion and reas sign ed 2 scor es only whe n a nswe red in cate gory
.. no'') . Alf the ..?" resp onse s are assi gned with one scor
e
when the subj ect mark s them in the midd le cate gory . The raw
scor es are then conv erted into stan dard -scor es ·to com pare
the degr ee of neur oticis m and extra vers ion with the rionn s.

One tran sl uce nt s corin g k ey i~ avai labl e . fo r

each of the two scal es. T h e in s t r uc tion s to
use t his key
a re give n on the key lt~el f. Sco re p age- 1 firs t, then the
s e cond page ~ and add the scor es . M ake sure the key
a~ d th e q uest i~nn aire w ~ich is bein g scor ed a re p rope rly
~ hgne d; the num be rs in fro nt of the que stion s on the
inve ntor y shou ld corr espo nd w ith the num be rs of the
ke y . ·
 MEAN ING AND USE OF NORM TABL ES

If one is to find out just where the subjec t stands

in relatio n to other memb ers of popula tion. the raw
scores will tell nothin g about this, until conve rted into
norma tive scores which Indica te that propo rtion of the
popula tion will get a higher or lower score. To find out a
standa rd score. it is always assum ed that the mean of a
set of sigma score or Z values is always equal to zero
and the standa rd deviat ion is equal to 1. Howev er. since
half of the scores in a distrib ution will lie below and half
above the mean; about half of our sigma scores will be
negati ve and half· positiv e. For these reason s, sigma
scores are -equall y conve rted in a new distrib ution with M
and S.D. so select ed so as to ~ake all scores positiv e
and .relativ ely easy to handle . Thus. a standa rd score is
simply a linear transfo rmatio n of a given measu remen t X
to a new scale. Theref ore, the transf ormat ion does not
chang e the. shape of the ·distrib ution in anY. way. The
Raw Scores of N and E dime-n sions of M.P.l. 's long and
short scales have thus been expres sed as Standa rd
Scores in a distrib ution of M=50 and SD=10 , which are
given in Table 2 and 3.

Table 2: Norms for Hindi Versio n of M.P.I. Scale

Raw Score M.P.I. D imens ions of Long Scale

on the Standa rd Score
Dimen sions Neuro ticism Extrav ersion

1 28 6
2 29 8'
3 30 10
4 31 12
5 32 13·
6 33 15
7 34 17
8 35 18
9 36 19
10 37 21
11 38 23

9
 -
Raw Score M.P .I. Dimensio ns of Long Scale
on the Stan.dard Score
Dimensio ns Neurotici sm Extraver sion

12 39 24
13 40 26
14 41 28
15 42 29
16 43 31
17 44 32
18 45 34 ·
19 46 36
20 47 37
21 48 39
22 49 . 41
23 50 42
24 ·51 44
25· 52 45
26 53. 47
27 54 49
·28 ·55 50
29 56 52
30 57 · 53
31 · 58 55
32 59 57
33 60 58
34 61 60
35 62 62
36 63 63
· 37 · ·, 64
65
38 . 65 66
39 66 68
40 67 70
41 68 71
42 69 73
43 70 74
44 71 76
4:i ·12 78
48 73 79
47 74 81
48 75 82
Raw Score Mean 23.2a. 28.081
Raw Score SD 10.019 6 .312

10
►

Th es e no rm s are ba se d on
62 50 sc ho ol/ co lle ge
stu de nts an d me nta l ho sp ita
ls an d va rio us· me nta l he alt t,
cli nic s _ Th e ag e ran ge of sa
mp le be ing 14 to 30 ye ars
wit h a me an ag e of 21 .5 ye
ar s . No rm s for ma_ l es ~n d
fem ale s ha ve be en co mb ine d
.

Ta ble 2: No r,n a fo r Hi nd i Ve rs
ion of ll~P .I. Sc ale
Ra w Sc ore M. P. I. Di me ns ion s of Sh ort Sc ale
on the St an da rd Sc ore
Dim en sio ns Ne uro tic ism Extra ve rsi on
1 30
2 21
34 25
_3 37
4 29
40 33
5 43
6 37
46 41
7 50
8 45 .
53 49
9 56
10 53
59 57
11 63
12 . 61
66 65
Ra w Sc or e Me an 7.2 02
Ra w Sc or e SD ·8. 31 2
3.2 14 2.4 92
.
. . .
Ba se d on 42 50 co lle ge stu de
nts wi th a me an ag e
of 21 ye ars . No rm s for the ma
le an d fem ale ar e the
l same
I

11
 -
INT ER PR ET AT ION OF S CO RE S

No w. on e can ~ asi ly rea d the se tab les

fr~ m the
left afte r p lac ing the obt ain ed raw sco res
. _T he sta nda rd
sco re v alu e equ iva len t to tha t raw sco re
w ill be fou nd to
the righ t in tha t row of the tab le rel atin
g to N and E
dim ens ion s.

Th us one ma y eas ily inte rpr et tha t a

sta nda rd
sco re of so' is ·eq ual to the ave rag e. A
diff ere nce of 10
s tan dar d sco res is •+· or ·-· 1 sig ma fro
m the ave rag e
and is not sig n ific ant . · Bu t a sta nda rd sco
re of 70 or 30
nee ds atte ntio n. Sim ilar ly. a sta nda rd sco
re of abo ve 70
or bel ow 30 ind ica tes a ver y con sid era _bl
e dev iati on fro m
the ave rag e.

ME AN ING AN D US E- OF ST EN S C OR ES

. An oth er me tho d of tr,~ atin g the raw sco

res wit h
the sta nda rd sco res to det erm ine the ind
ivid u~l 's ·pos i-
tion in a red efin ed ·po pul atio n is use
of ST EN sco res .
Slj, ce .. m eas u re~ en t ·in psy cho log y is
usu ally not on a n
abs olu te sca le. the bes t tha t mo st me asu
res can giv e is
the rela tive sta ndi ng of one i-ndi vid ual
wit h ano the r . or
w ith a gr--•Jp of ind ivid ual s .
.
Tw o gen era l app roa che s to exa min ing the
se r e la-
t io nsh ips are a vai lab le, and in bot h
cas es . the raw
s cor es typ ica lly u n d erg o cer ta in tra n s for
m at ion s. In the
firs t app roa ch, the tes t u ser tra ns for ms
the raw sco res
for the g r oup of ind iv id ual s he h as tes
t e d in to som e sor t
of sta nda rd sco re v r cen tile . a nd the n
m a k es com par i-
son s am on~ the ind iv idu a ls in th at gro
u p, or ma kes the m
bet we en this gro up and ano t her th at h e
ous ly tes ted . ma y h a ve pre v i-

12 .
 e te st us er t ra ns f or m s
In th e se co nd. ap pr oa ch • th
sc or es ag ai n. to so m e ty pe of st an da r d sc or e
the ra w
· t· e h e co m pa re s _th e in di vi du al . or in fa ct . th~
bu t th is 1m
ou p. to a po pu la tio n wh os e ty pi ca l re sp on se
wh ol e g!
rn 1s kn ow n. I~ bo th ca se s. th e qu es tio n is "h
pa tte d to ot he rs in 1~ :
du al st an ds co m pa re
do es th_is i~1divi
pu la tio n? In th e fo rm er ca se , th e po pu la tio n is qu ite
po
th e ai m s of th e te st us er. Fo r ex am pl e he
sp ec ifi c to
co lle ct ed hi s da ta fro m m an ag em en t tra in ~e s
m ay ha ve
wi sh to co m pa re th e ab ili ty pr of ile s of ea ch
an d m ay
In th e la tte r ca se . th e po pu la tio n is on e wh os e ab ili-
se x. bi lit y m ea su re d !o
in ve st ig at ed an d re lia
tie s ha ve been
th at it m ig ht be sa id wi th co nf id en ce , th at a
th e de gree
la r le ve l of so m e ab ili ty ei th er is. or is no t ch ar ac -
pa rti cu
tic of th at po pu la tio n. An ex am pl e wo ul d be th e po p-
te ris ni or sc ho ol le ve L
l · bo ys of hi gh an ~ se
ul at io n · of al
ho we ve r. ne ed , no t ne ce ss ar ily re fe r to 'no rm al '
'N or m s' ,
la tio n. bu t on ly ta po pu latio_n ab ou t wh i~ h so m e
po pu ay .a ila ble . Ob vio us ly,
gr ee of kn ow le dg e is
m in im um de
ea rly st ag e
· s of ~ _te st' s us e m os t co m m on ly av a il -
in th e
le no rm s ar e fo r th e ge ne ra l 'n or m al ' po pu la tio n.
ab

AW SC O RE S
TR AN SF O RM AT IO N O F R

of st an da rd sc or e us ed wi th th is is t h e
T he ty pe
- a u ni t on a st an da rd te n- po in t sc al e. A lth ou gh
ST EN t:a ch
st en w iU ap pe al to m os_ t us er s, it is. im po rta nt th at
th e kin d of st an da rd ,ze d
in ve st ig at or ·ha ve ac ce ss to nd
a
lu es of ra w sc or e m ea n~
sc or e he de s ire s-. Th e va
a rd de via tio ns (fr om wh ic h st en ca n b e d en ve d)
sta nd
in ~h e fo llo wi ng p ag es .
ar e gi ve n in a ta bu la r fo rm
th a
ta in in g th e ra w sc or es fro m
D ire c.t ion s fo r ob
fo rm wa s di sc us se d ea rli er. H e re . we ~h all a; ;~ :~
·te st n ob ta in ed a e g,.v-
w sc or es ha ve al re ad y be e_
th at th e ra · a 1·io n ta ble s ar
an da rd 1z
ste n sc or es ar e de sir ed . St
of M. P. 1.
en fo r sh or t an d lo ng sc al es I
I
 The size of th e samples a nd the m e a ns and stan -
da rd deviations or raw scores a r e give n i n each ta ble .
The sample in the school stude nts group_ c onsists o f
boys and g irls of ninth s tandard to twelfth standard .
w ithi n the age range of 14- 17 years . The . sample in the
coll ege students group consists of m~les and female s
unde rg o ing their graduation or post-graduation courses.
w ithin the age range of =1 a-22 years. No separate tables
for c fa sswise dis tribution have been constructed for any
gro up o f n orm s . Finally, sample in the general adult pop-
ula tio n con s ists of mai.nly the occupational groups. stu-
d e nts and housewives. within the age range of 22-30
y ear s .

Once th~. test administrator has decided which ta-

b le (Eong or s h ort scale) will be most appropriate for his/
he r data. the use of-the norms tabl~ is quite easy. The
values w ithin the t~ble (i.e.• the body of the table) are
"raw scores .. - the values obtained·from the scoring key.

In summary, the procedure for ··o btainir1'g . sten

scores are: ·

1 - O tita in raw score s from the test form using scoring

key.

2 . Select the appropriate norm table (long or s hort) .

3 . C~nvert each raw score In t h e table t o s t en score

wntten at the top row or th e bottom of th e table. ,

The two norm tables f o r I .

g iven in the following pag e s. ong a nd s h o rt scale s a re
 Table•4: Norm• for General Population (Combined) fo r Lon g Scale

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean so
Dimension
Sten Score

Extraverston 0-15 16-16 19-21 ·22•24 25-28 29-31 32-34 35.37 38-40 41-48 28 .08 6 .31

N1urotid1m 0-3 4-8 9-13 14-18 19-23 24-28 29-33 34-38 39-43 44-48 23.29 10.02

1- 2 3 · 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
- Sten Score
.
UI
Tabl••S: Norma for General Popu.latlon. (Combined) for. Short Scale
0lmen1lon 1 2 3 4 5 . 6 7 .a g, 10: Mean so
Sten Score
Extraverslon 0-3 4 5 6-7 8 9 10 11-12 . - 8.31 2.49

Neurotlclam . 0-2 3 4.5 6-7 8 9-10 11-12 - . 7.20 3.21

1 2 3 4 ~ 7
5 6 8 9 10
Sten Score
 US ES OF T H E SC A LE S

Th e sc ale s ha v e b ee n u s ed
for se v e ral pu rpo se s .
wh ich ho we ve r are no t lik e ly
~o e xh au st the ir us e ful n es s
.
1) Ex pe rim en tal - Mo st of
the ph en om en a in ex -
pe rim en tal p~ yc h o log y, su ch
as co nd itio nin g, fig ura l af-
te r -e ffe cts , vig il an ce , th e
co ns ta .n cy ph en om e na .
ma ss ed pra cti ce wo r~ curves_,
re mi nis ce n,c e,~ P.G .R . an d
o the r au ton om i c res po·n se
s, _ h av e pe rso na lity dif fer en c-
es as im po rta nt pa ram ete rs:
:· the ir dis co ve ry, me as ur e-
me nt, an d co ntr ol ar e fac ilit
ate d by the av ail ab ilit y o f
rea dil y ad mi n ist ere d inv en toi
ies of the kin d he re pre -
se nte d .

2 ). Clini ca l - A$ ro uti ne me
as ~r es , the ac;fm _inis tra -
tio n of the M .P.1. for bo th ·ou
tpa tie nt' s.
an d if)p ad en ts ma y
be us e ful in fac ilit ati ng dia gn
os is, :dr aw ing att en tio n to
ce rta in a rea s for fur the r inq
u_iry , an d sa ve tim e by pre -
se nti ng the ps yc tlia tris·t wi th
a co nd en se d pic tur e of the
pa tie nt' s pe rso na lity as se en
by·him se lf. ·
. 3) E du ca tio na l :.. Re se ar ch
·on the su cc es s an d
fai lur e of Un ive rsi ty stu de nts
by O .W . Fu rn ea ux ha s
dr aw n att en tio n to the im po rta
nt pa rt wh ich is pla ye d by
ne uro tic ism an d ex tra ve rsi on
in thi s co nn ec tio n, an d em -
ph as ize s the po ss ibi liti es of
us ing sim ple qu es tio nn air e
me as ur es for the pu rpo se of
g_u ida nce an d se lec tio n.

4) Ma rke t Re se arc h - In re ce
n t y ea rs, mo tiv a tio na l
re se ar ch ha s be co me of inc re
ps lng co nc er~ to or ga niz a-
tio ns co nc er ne d wi th pu bli ca
tio ns to ce rta in pr od uc ts ,
ad ve rti sin g ca mp aig n s , etc .
S uc h wo rk ca n be co n s ide r-
ab l y fac ilit ate d by ha vin g
av ail ab le no t on ly th e vie w
e x p re ss ed by sa mp les of the s
po pu lat ion . bu t als o m e a-
s ure s of the ir pe rso na lity dim
en ~lo ns .

5) Se l ec tio ns Pr ob lem s - In
co nju nc tio n w ith th e
me as ur em e nt o f a pe _rso h's
ab ilit y, me as u rem e n t of his

16
 e of co n s id e r ab le as si s ta nc e in c om in g
pe rs on al i ty c~ n b or al lo ca tio n . Th e
le m s of se le ct io n
to de ci si on s 1n pr o~
o f c on sc io us ~a ls ifi ca tio n of an sw er s pr ob ab ly
po s si bi lit y
1

e o f th e N sc a le re la t iv el y us el es s he re bu t
m ak es th e us
le ss lik e ly to b e s o a ffe ct ed , an d th e di f-
th e E sc al e is ts an d in tro ve rts
qu al iti es of ex tr av er
fe re nt pe rs on a lit y
a bl e th at th ey w ill be be st ad ap te d to qu ite
m ak e it pr ob .
di ffe re nt ty pe s of w or k.

pl ic at io ns . th e M .P .I. sh o_ul d pr im a ril y

In al l its ap en t fir m s, or -
ar ch in st ru m en t D iff er
be re ga rd ed as re se
, ho sp ita ls un iv er si tie s an d ot h e r bo di es
ga ni za tio ns di ffe re nt sa m ples
pr ob le m s, de af w ith th e
ha ve di ffe re nt nt so lu tio ns of th ei r
an d ai m at di ffe re
of th e po pu la tio n, ca n be de te rm in e
pl ie d re se ar ch
pr ob le m s. O nl y ap
st ru m en ts su ch as th e M .P .I. ca n be s uc ce ss -
wh et he r in t fo rm su ch us e ca n
th em , an d ju st w ha
fu lly us ed by ly ha ve to be bu ilt
ar at e no rm s w ill pr ob ab
be st ta ke . S ep irr or t he pa rti cu la r
or ga ni za tio ns . to m
. up by di ffe re nt ch th ey m ay ha ve to
pu la tio n w ith w hi
sa m pl es o f th e po
ch w or k ca n on ly be do ne by pr op er ly qu al ifi ed
d ea l . Su
rie nc ed ps yc ho lo gi st s; it ca nn ot be to o stro ng ly
an d ex pe
. th a t p sy ch ol og ic al in s tru m en ts . ev en wh en
em ph as iz ed ar d as a qu es tio ~-
si m pl e a nd s tra ig ht fo rw
so ap p~ re nt ly va nt ag e be us ed by
or y. ca nn ot w ith ad
na i_r e or in ve nt is io n by a su ita bl y
th e ab se nc e of su pe rv
th e la ym an in
tra in ed pe rs o n .
 REFERENCES
.. nd-order personalit y factors in the ques-
Cattell: R.B: Secolm •• Journal of Consultan t Psycholo gist
tronnaere rea • . •
1956, 20. 4,11 e418.
h LJ nd Meehl P.E . .. Construct validity in Psycho-
Cron~~~i~al -t~;t: ... Psycholog y Bulletin, 1955. 52. 281-302 .

Evans. c .. and McConnel l. T.R ., "A new meas ure of Extraver-

si on - lntroversi on ... Journal of Psycholo gy, 1941, 12,
111- 124 .

Eysenck , H.J. " Dimensio ns of Personal ity". Routtedg e &

Keg an Paul. 1947.

Eysenck. H.J. " The Scientific Study of Personali ty." Lon~on :

RouUedge & Kegan Paul. 1952.

Eysenck. H.J. ·•The Structure of Human ~ersonali ty... London:

Methuen. 1959. · ·

EyseflCk. H.J ... The questionn aire measurem ent of neuroticis m

and Extravers ion." Riv. di Psicologia . 1950. 50, 113-
140.

Eysenck. H.J ... The Dynamics of Anxiety and Hysteria: · Lon-

don: Routledge & Kegan Paut 1957.

Eysenck. H.J. "'A short questionn aire for the measurem ent of
two dimension s of personalit y ... Journal of Applied Psy-
chology. 1958, 42. 14-17.

Eysenck. H.J. ··oer Maudsley Personlic hkeits Fragebog enals

Messmitte l des Neuroticis ms and. der Extravers ion ...
Gottingen : Ve-lag fur psycholog ie, 1959.

Gu i lford . J . P ., and Zimmerm an; W . S . ··The Guilford -

Zimmerma n Te,nperam ent Survey". Sheridan Supply
Co., Los Angeles. 1949. • .·

Heron, A . " The effect of real-life motivation on questionn aire

response. " Journal of Applied Psycholog y 1956 40 65-
68. I t I

18

1 - d1
►

Heron. A. "A two part person ality measu re for U~f'! as a re.
search criterio n ·· British Journa l of Psycho logy , 356
40. 243-25 1 . . .

Jensen . A . .. The Mauds ley Person ality Invent ory .·· Acta
p 5 ycholog ica. 1958. 14. 314-32 5.

Taylor. J . .. A person ality scale of manife st anx;ety :· Journa l of

abnorm al and Social Psycho logy, 1953. 48. 285 -290 .

Teadsd ale. J .P ... Drug Depen dence ... In H .J. Eysenc k {Ed.).
Handb ook of Abnorm al Psycho logy, 1973. 97-130 . Lon-
don: Pitman .

Teadsd ale. J.. P .• Segra ves. R. T.. and Zacun e. J .

·Psych oticism in drug users. · (1971 ). Br. J. Socclin .
Psycho l.. 10. 160-17 1. ·

Verma. S.K.. and Wig. N.N. •some experie nces with PE: :.-
(1972). Psycho logical Studies . 17. 11-14.

VeHs, B.W.P. •Perso nality study of VO patient s.· (1970). Br. J .

Ven. Dis .• 46. 498-50 1.

Vells. B .• and Stacey . 8 ...A further compa rison of Cannab is

(Mariju ana) users and non-us ers.• (1976) . Br. J. Addict .
in Press.

Verman . A.G. •faking person ality .test scores in a simulat ed

· employ ment situatio n.· (1952). J. Appl. Psycho l.. 36.
12Z-13 3.

Wig. N.N .• and Verma. S.R. "PGI Health Questio nnaire. N-1 :
simple neuroti cism scale.• (1973) . Ind. J . Psychia t.. 15.
80-84.

Will~ams. P., Francis . A .• and Durham . ~ - ·Person ality and

Medltat iqn.M(1976). J . Paycho sam. Res .• jn press.

Wilson. G.D . (Ed.) "The Psycho logy of Conser vatism. · (1973) .

London : Academ ic Presa.

19 ,
 H. J.E yse n ck 's M. P.I .

_ __
Sex _ _ _ Age:_ _ ___ Date __ __ __
Name _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

n parent's incom e) _ _ __ _ __ _
· __ __ __ _--,_Mont hly Jncom e(s ludenls should mentio
0 ccupa tio n

Instr uctio ns:

act. There are no right or wron g answ ers
Here are some q\ies tions regarding the way you feel and
same kind of expe rienc e. Ther efore , what you
because different people react in differe nt manners for the
ple;
feel right is the most appropriate answer for you . For exam
Yes D ? □ No □
Do you like to indul ge in gossip?
ers; "Yes" , "?" , and "No" .You
As you can see that every question ·has three possible answ
way of actin g or fee ling, then put a (X) mark
have to decide whether "Yes" or "No" represents your usual
lutely impo ssibl e to decid e, put a (X) mark in the
in the box ri ght next to "Yes" or "No" . If you find it abso
. Work quiet ly and do not spen d too m uch time
box next to "?". But do not use this answ er very frequently
s to you. Of cours e, the ques tions are too short
over any question. Give the first natural answ er as it come
to have , even then give the best poss ible answ er.
to give you all the panic ulars you would some time like
ion, some how. You shou ld fi nish the entir e
Be sure not to skip anything, and answ er every quest
, work quic kly and reme mber to answ er every
questionna ire in not more than fifteen minutes. Therefore
question.

calls for
*
I. Are you happiest when you get involved in some project Lhat
..................... ......... · .. ..... Yes [] ? -□ No 0
rapidactioo?.......................... .".......... ............................................ ..........
ut any apparent
2 Do you sometimes feel happy, sometimes depressed witho
... ........................... ....... ........ ....Ycs 0 ?O No O
reason? .................................................. ..................... .......... ..........
ntrate on
3. Does your mind often wande r while you are trying to conce
. ? .. .... .................... ........... .... ....... y cs D ?O No 0
some topic ........................................ .......... ................................ ...
4. Do you ususally take Lh,c initiative in makin g new friends?
... ... ... ....... ............ ... .................. . y cs 0 ?O No 0
5. Are you quick and sure in youractions?.......... ... .. ......... ....
.. .... ........... ..... ............ ... ........::. :...:y cs D ?O No 0
rsing? .... ... ..... ... .. ......... ..... Yes O No 0
6. Are you frcqu~ntly lost in thoughts even when you arc conve ?C
very slugg ish?...... ......... Yes 0 ?O 0
7. Arc you someumes bubbling over with energ y and some times No
........... .... ........ ..... ... .. .. ........ )' cs O No 0
8. Would you rate yourse lf as alivelyindividual? ........................... ?□
soc ial con t.acts?..... ... .... ..... Yes O
9. Would you be unhappy if you were preven ted from maki ng ?O No 0
.... .. ............. .. .... ... ......... .... y cs D
10. Do you ~~v.e freq~cnt ups and down s in your mood? ...... .. .... ..... ?O No 0
11. cause? .. .... ... ....... ... ..... .. .. ... .. y cs O
Does your beha~ our keeps .changing witho ut any app·arem ?O No 0
12 ...... ..... ... ..... ..... ......... ........ .... Ycs D
Doyo uprefer acl..l~n toplan nmg for ac tion? ....... ......... ............. ?O No 0

Total of Short Scale: N E *

 (2) ...
Ye~ □
13. Are your day dreams frequentl y about things that can never come true? ............. ........... ?O No □
Yes Q
14. Are you inclined to keep in the background on social occasions? .......................... ........... ?O No □

15. Are youinclincdtoponderovcryourpast? ............. ............. : • ······ · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· ··· ·· · ··· ·· ·· · ·· · · ··

· · ···· Yes□ ?o No □
.....Yes D ?O No □
16. Doyoufinditdifficulltomix with people even atali~elyparty?................ ..... ..............
... ...... .... Yes □ ?O No □
17. Do you ever feel "just miserable" for not any good reason al al l?......... .. ..... .........
Yes 0 ?o No □
18. Are you inclined lo bcoverconcious?......................................... ...... .............. ........................
19. Do you often feel that you have made up your mind too late do
Yes D ?O No □
something?............................ ............................ ............... .............................. ......... .. .....................
Yes □ ?O No □
20. Doyouliketomixsociallywilhpeople? ......................................... .........................................
...··Yes D ?O No 0
21. Have you often lost sleep over your worries? .............. ..........................................•· •... •.. ·
.··· Yes D ?0 No □
22. · Arc you inclined to limit youracq uiantance to aselected few'?. .......... ... ............ ............. - ·-

Yes □ ?O No □
23. Areyouoflcn troubled byfcelingof sinorguill? ...... ;.............. .......................... ...................
Ycs D ?O No 0
24. Do you often do your work whole-hea.r1cdly (sincerely)? .......................... .........................
........... Yes D ?□ No □
25. Do you feel rather hurt very casilly? ............................ ................................. ,..............
.. Yes 0 ?O No 0
26. Do you like to have many social engagements? ...................................................................
.Yes 0 ?O No □
Tl. Would you rate yourself as a tense or highly strung individual? .......................................
. Ycs 0 ?O No D
28. Do you generally prefer Lo take the leadership in a group? .................... ..........................
No □
Doyouoftenexpericncepcriodsoflonelincss? ............................~ ............ :··············· ··········Y
esO ?O
29.
Ycs 0 ?O No □
30. . Are you inclined lo be shy in the presence of the opposite se]{? ..;.....................................
Yes 0 ?□ No □
31. Do you like loindulgeinareverie(day-dreaming)? ............. ...............................................
...... Yes O ?O No □
32 Do you always have a "ready answer" for remarks directed lo you? ..........................
......... Yes O ?O No □
33. Do you spend much lime in thinking over good times you had in the past? .............
.Yes D ?□ No □
34. Would you rate yourself as a happy-go-lucky individual? ................................... ,, .............
Yes D ?O No □
35. Have you often felt listless and tired forno good reason? ...................................................
Yes D ?O No □
36. Are you inclined to keep quiet when out in a social group? ............. ...................................
37. After critical moment is over, do you usually think of something you should
Yes O ?O No D
havedonebuLfailed todo? ........................................................ ................................................
Yes □ ?O No □
38. Can you usually let yourself go and have a hilariously good time at a picnic~ ..................
YesO No □
39. Do ideasruninyourmindlhatyoucannotsleep? .................... :............................................ ?O
. Yes □ ?O No □
40. Do yo.u like work thaL requires considerable attention? ............................ ..........................
..YesO ?□ No □
41. Have you ever been bothered by useless thought rcpcalcdly? ............. ..........................
. Doyouoft.cntakeyourworkcasually? ............................ ......................................................
. Yes □ ?O No D
42
Yes □ No □
43. Are you touchy on various subjects? ........................................................................................ ?O
Do other people regard you ac;alivelypcrson'l .......................... ............. ........... .............
. .... Yes□ ?O No □
44.
45. Are you oft.en disappoint.cd andsad? ...................................................................... .................
YesO ?O No 0
.. Yes □ No □
46. Would you rate yourself as a talkative individual? ......... ........................... .............. ............. ?O
Yes □ No □
47. Do you ever feel restlessness that you can not sit on a chair for a long time? ....... .......... ?O

48. Do you like Lo play pranks on others?: ............................ ............. ...........................

................. Yes O ?□ No D

Total of Long N E
or Full Scale
Raw Scores
. .Standard Scores