CGT 164: Graphics for Civil

Engineering and construction

Lecture 1: Introduction
 Dr. Noha Saad
Meeting times
Section Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
(F2) Lec: Lab:
13:30 - 15:10 16:30 - 18:10

(F1) Lec: Lab:

11:30 - 13:10 18:30 - 20:10

(M1) Lec: Lab:

18:30 - 20:10 12:30 - 14:10

(F3) Lab: Lec:

12:30 - 14:10 15:30 - 17:10

Or by appointment at email: Noha.Saad@aum.edu.kw

 Dr. Noha Saad

Office Hours
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu

(F1)
(F2)
2:30 to 3:30 pm
From 3:10 to 4:10 (F3)9:30 to 10:30am
(M1)
pm
5:30 to 6:30 pm

Or by appointment at email: Noha.Saad@aum.edu.kw

General Information
 Course: Graphics for Civil Engineering and Construction (CGT-164)
 Prerequisites: None
 Number of credits: 2 credits
 Contact Hours: 2 hrs. Lecture, 2hrs. Lab
 Textbook/material required:
• Lecture Notes and Class Handouts
• Suggested textbook: Gray R. Bertoline (2009) Introduction to Graphics Communications for
Engineers, 4th Edition, New York: McGraw Hill’s BEST-basic engineering series and tools
(B.E.S.T series), ISBN 978-0073522647.
 Course Description: An introductory course in the area of computer graphics documentation for civil engineering-and
construction-related professions. Experiences focus on accepted industry graphic standards and their technical visual
applications. The course emphasizes the creation and distribution of graphics to enable communication.
 Specific goals for the course:
a) Draw 2D geometric constructions and orthographic projections;
b) Create 3D models and isometric models of structural elements;
c) Practice modeling of real structures;
d) Apply design and drawing standards;
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Grade Distribution

Categories Weight
Attendance 5%
Assignment 1 (10%)
Assignment 2 (10%)
Assessments Assignment 3 Project (10%) 50%
Lab 1 (5%)
Lab 2 (5%)
Lab 3 (10%)
ICA1 (10%)
In Class Assignments 20%
ICA2 (10%)
Quiz1 (2.5%)
Quiz 5%
Quiz2 (2.5%)
Final Assessment 1 20%
Total 100%

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Lecture Content
1. Syllabus Review
 General Information
 Grade distribution

2. What is Engineering Drawing?

 Drawing vs Engineering Drawing
 Types of Engineering Drawing
 Traditional Drawing tools/Instruments
 Advantages of Computer Aided Design CAD
 What is graphical Language
 Why graphical Language
 Elements of Engineering Drawing

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What is Engineering Drawing?
Drawing vs Engineering Drawing
 Drawing:
Graphic representation of an idea, a concept or an entitiy which actually or
potentially exists in life.
http://kmcmorris.blogspot.com/2014/12/trying-

 Engineering Drawing out-digital-pencils.html

Drawing which clearly and concisely communicates all of the information necessary to
transform an idea or an concept into reality.

 The mark of a good engineering (technical) drawing is that it contains all information!

 Contains not only graphics representation, but also dimensions, notes, specifications, http://www.tigy.fr/tigy-pratique/travaux/batiments
tolerances, assembly charts, bill of material...

 It is a formal and precise way of communicating information about the shape, size,
features and precision of physical objects.

 A universal language of engineering used in the design process. Consist of rules and
standards.

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What is Engineering Drawing?
Types of Engineering Drawing

FREEHAND DRAWING INSTRUMENT DRAWING COMPUTER AIDED DRAWING

¬ The lines are sketched without using ¬ Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, ¬ The drawings & models are usually made by
and curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the commercial software such as AutoCad, SolidWorks,
instruments other than pencils and erasers. drawings are usually made to scale. Siemens NX, CATIA, Pro Engineer etc.
¬ Usually called sketching, and it is the draft drawing
of an object. It can not be used as final drawing. AutoCad

https://www.cadac.com/en-gb/autodesk-autocad-lt/

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What is Engineering Drawing?
Traditional Drawing tools/Instruments
The traditional tools used to create technical drawings have evolved over time. Many tools were originally used in ancient
Greece to study and develop geometry. Although computers may someday replace the need for some traditional tools, they
are still useful today for drawing, and more importantly, for sketching. Traditional tools are devices used to assist the human
hand in making technical drawings. The assistance includes drawing lines straighter, making circles more circular, and
increasing the speed with which drawings are made. The tools typically used to create mechanical drawings or sketches
consist of the following:

1. Wood and mechanical pencils;

2. Instrument set, including compass and dividers;
3. 45- and 30/60-degree triangles;
4. Scales;
5. Irregular curves;
6. Protractors;
7. Erasers and erasing shields;
8. Drawing paper;
9. Circle templates;

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What is Engineering Drawing?
Traditional Drawing tools/Instruments

Irregular curves
Erasing shields

Dividers

Templates Scales

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What is Engineering Drawing?
Engineering drawings before and after Computer Aided Design “CAD” software

https://www.thomasnet.com/insights/the-history-
and-future-of-cad-cam-technology/

https://cadmarc.blogspot.com/2019/08/life-before-autocad.html
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What is Engineering Drawing?
Advantages of Computer Aided Design CAD
A lot of standards exist for the generation of Engineering Drawings, where the advantages of CAD softwares
can be utilized extensievely!
Advantages of CAD:
• Eliminates skill-dependent quality errors: The quality of lines, dimensions,
symbols does not vary with user’s drawing skill
• Greater accuracy: As a result of mathematical accuracy of CPU (more
accurate dimensioning, drawing quality at the connections etc.)
• Easy storage: Software saving enables easy storage of data
• 3D CAD model generation: A 3D CAD model is the volumetric representation
of an object in a computer where it can be used to extract 2D and 3D
drawings, to visualize the object from the desired perspectives, and most
importantly to provide input for CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) for
simulating the real life conditions without even manufacture a product!

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What is Engineering Drawing?
Advantages of Computer Aided Design CAD

• Time saving:
 Once 3D CAD model is constructed, the 2D drawings of any view/cross section and
3D drawings of any perspective can be generated automatically.
 The replicate parts can be generated by simply copying them
 The symmetric parts can be generated by simply mirroring them
 Extended library exists/can be created for commonly used elements (bolts, dowel pins
etc.)
 Editing functions enables easy correction of mistakes, deleting/inserting new features
 Automatic dimensioning by only selecting the edges of interest

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What is Engineering Drawing?
What is Graphical Language?
 It is an artificial language to express information or knowledge using graphics instead of words. Graphics communications
using engineering drawings and models is a language—a clear, precise language—with definite rules.

Describe what you see in English Describe part with graphical language

• L-shaped part
• Mainly consists of two prisms
• Bottom prism has circular hole in the center
• Upper prism has rectangular opening
etc.

You can easily understand that …

The word languages are inadequate for describing the size,
shape and features completely as well as concisely.
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What is Engineering Drawing?
Why Graphical Language?
 Graphics communications must be mastered if you are to be successful in engineering
design.
 Once you know the language of graphics communications, it will influence the way you
think, the way you approach problems. Thinking in the language of technical graphics,
you will visualize problems more clearly and will use graphic images to find solutions
with greater ease

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What is Engineering Drawing?
Why Graphical Language?
 Graphical language or Technical drawing is the reliable tool for communicating
information about the shape and size of physical objects.
 It is a shortest way to deliver all technical details in precise way
 It is a mean for specifying the precision of physical objects
 It has fully defined rules/standards
 It is universally understandable (independent from linguistics)

 More than 50% of the engineer’s

time and are purely visual and
graphical activities

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What is Engineering Drawing?
Elements of Engineering Drawing

Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language and word language.

Graphics
language
Describe a shape
(mainly).

Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.

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What is Projection?
 Technical drawings are based on the “fundemental principles of projection”.
 A “projection” is a 2D drawing or a representation of an entity on an imaginary plane or planes.

Object
The actual object that the drawing or the projection
represents
Viewer
Represents the location of the viewer
Projection Plane
The imaginary projection plane (the viewers drawing paper)
Projectors
Imaginary lines of sight, so called “projectors”
Projection
Projection of an object on the plane of projection, also the
‘2D Drawing’ on viewers paper/screen. Viewer

For the example given, the projection of an object from

viewer’s location is a ‘Square’.
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What is Projection?
 Technical drawings are based on the “fundemental principles of projection”.
 A “projection” is a 2D drawing or a representation of an entity on an imaginary plane or planes.

Concept of Projection A view of a 3D object ‘Projected’ onto

Computer Monitor

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