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Math Chapter 2

The document discusses the formatting of sectors on a disk drive, including: - The minimum formatting requirements for sectors, including preamble, address, ECC fields, and postamble lengths. - The default sector format for the disk drive, which is 30 sectors per track with 596 total bytes per sector (512 data bytes and 84 overhead bytes). - Factors that determine the maximum number of sectors per track for different sector sizes, such as the total unformatted bytes per track and overhead bytes per sector.

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21 views5 pages

Math Chapter 2

The document discusses the formatting of sectors on a disk drive, including: - The minimum formatting requirements for sectors, including preamble, address, ECC fields, and postamble lengths. - The default sector format for the disk drive, which is 30 sectors per track with 596 total bytes per sector (512 data bytes and 84 overhead bytes). - Factors that determine the maximum number of sectors per track for different sector sizes, such as the total unformatted bytes per track and overhead bytes per sector.

Uploaded by

revyhohe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Which yields a total time of:

42.4 us

Combining this value with PLO Lockup Time and


Write-to-Read Recovery-Time, tne total length of the
Effective Inter-Sector Gap is:

= 42.4 us+ 8 us+ 5 us

= 55.4 us= 52 bytes minimum


Observing Figure 9.3.1, the 54 bytes is split with
25 bytes of Postamble and 29 bytes of Preamble.
The length of the Postamble portion of the Effective
Inter-Sector Gap must contain the following:
2 X Sector Pulse Tolerance+ Write-to-Read
Recovery
= (2 X 10.6 us)+ 5 us

= 26.2 us= 24 bytes minimum


The length of the Preamble portion of the Effective
Inter-Sector Gap must contain the following:
2 X Sector Tolerance+ PLO Recovery
= (2 X 10.6 us}+ 8 us

= 29.6 us= 28 bytes minimum

During formatting, the Effective Inter-Sector Gap is


written in a continuous manner as 54 bytes, rather
than in two parts. This is with the exception of the
first sector after Index, in which.only the Preamble
1 length of 28 bytes is. written.
9.2.2 Write Turn-on Guard

This time is required to allow for write current


rise time, controller decision making after header
verification and 1 byte of margin.
9. 2. 3 . Write Gate De lay

This delay is necessary to insure that all write data


transmitted by the controller (host) is written on the
disk. The Write data pre-compensation circuitry
provides serial storage, and this must be purged by
two bytes of clocks after the last data byte from the
controller. During this time, the host should send
data zeroes so that the serial register will begin the
next Write .(preamble) with zeroes.

9.2.4 Write Turn-Off Guard

This time is required to account for write current


turn-off time.

9.2.5 Length of Preamble 2

Preamble 2 is to re-establish PLO Lockup just


before reading data. Therefore, its length is:
= 8 us

= 8 bytes

9.2.6 Total Sector Length


From the above calculations and referring to Figure
9.3.1, total sector length is:
84 bytes of overhead+ data
Some.variations around this minimum format are
user optional.
9.3 Minimum Format
9.3.1 Initialize Mode (Refonnat) (Figure 9.3-1)
The minimum, format for initialize should contain
the following:
Function Bytes Data

Preamble 1 29 Zeroes
Address Sync 1 Other than all zeroes
pattern.
Address 4 xxxx
ECC 4 xxxx
Preamble 2 13 Zeroes
Data Sync 1 Other than all zeroes
pattern.
Data N xxx
ECC 4 xx
Write Delay 2 Zeroes
R/W Splice 1 Zeroes
Post amble 25 Zeroes

Preamble 2 is 13 bytes to account for 4 bytes {Write


Turn-On Guard) and 9 bytes of actual Preamble 2
necessary for read PLO' sync up.

The Postamble is 28 bytes which accounts for 2 bytes


(Write Gate D~lay), 1 byte (Write Turn-Off Guard) and
25 bytes of actual Postamble.

The Write Gate Delay at the end of the sector is


required in interleave format only. In sequential
format this delay is after the last sector.

9F3.2 Read Mode (Figure 9.3.2)

The Read Mode format is shown to illustrate the Read


Gate timing. Read Gate should be de-asserted after
address ECC for 6 bytes and re-asserted during
Preamble 2 to provide time for read PLO lock-up. The
Read Gate is de-asserted during Write-Turn-On Guard to
prevent the read PLO from being driven outside of its
capture range when reading through a write splice.

9.3.3 Write Data Mode (Figure 9.3.3)

In the Write Data Mode Write Gate must be delayed two


bytes after Data ECC to insure that all of the host
.write data .i s clocked out of the write
pre-compensation circuitry and onto the disk .. During
this two byte delay the host should send zeroes on the
Write Data line.
9.4 Number of Sector/Track

Figure 9.4.1 is a chart giving the maximum number of sectors


for various sizes of the data field and 84 bytes of
overhead/sector. The total unformatted byte count/track is
17,920. Also shown is the format efficiency for each data
field value and the "End of Track Gap. 11 See paragraph 8.
5 for limitations on the number of sectors per track.

The relationships between the columns in the chart


are: A. Data Bytes/Sector - Chosen
B. Overhead Bytes/Sector - Given

c. Maximum Number of Sectors equals the whole


number portion of:
17920
(No. -of Data Bytes+ (No. of Overhead Bytes)
D. Number of bytes remainder is equal to:
17920 - {No. of Sectors X {Data Bytes+ Overhead
Bytes))
E. Format Efficiency, in percentile, is equal
to: No. of Sectors X Data Bytes per Sector X
100
17920
9. 5 Default Format
Each Model 8432 Disk Drive is programmed with a
default sector format.
Number of sectors/track 30 (29 sector pulses &
index) Number of bytes/sector 596
(Data and Overhead= 512 bytes+ 84 bytes)
The above information is contained in the microprocessor
memory such that when power is first applied to the drive,
it will default to the above values. This implies that
there wtll be 29 sector pulses, plus the index pulse {for a
total
of 30 sectors), per revolution, with 596 bytes between sector
pulses and 636 bytes nominal between the last sector pulse
and the index pulse. -This format provides for 512 data
bytes and 84 overhead bytes. The default format has the
same overhead as the minimum format of Section 9. 3.
If a format different from this default format is desired,
command codes 56 through SB and 16 may be used to set up
any desired format. It should be noted that values given
to the drive using these commands are not checked by the
drive to ensure that the specified numQer of bytes per
sector fit with the number of sectors per track.

See Table. 7.6 for Attributes used in the default

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