Calculus 1000a - University of Western Ontario

Midterm Test Version A

Friday October 21, 2022, 7 PM - 9 PM

SOLUTIONS
p
t2 + 9 3
1. Evaluate lim .
t!0 t2
1 1
A: 1 B: C: 1 D: E: DNE
6 3
Solution
p p p
t2 + 9 3 t2 + 9 3 t2 + 9 + 3 t2 + 9 9
lim = lim p = lim p
t!0 t2 t!0 t2 t2 + 9 + 3 t!0 t2 t2 + 9 + 3
t2 1 1 1
lim p = lim p =p = :
t!0 t2 2
t +9+3 t!0 2
t +9+3 0+9+3 6
Correct answer: B.

2. Let (
x+c x<1
f (x) =
2
6 2x x 1
Find c so that f (x) is continuous at x = 1:
A: 4 B: 5 C: 6 D: 1 E: 0
Solution
This function is continuous for x < 1 and for x 1 as these two pieces are polynomials. We have to
check only the point x = 1:
Def. The function is continuous at x = a if lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f (a) :
x!a t!a
Then, to be continuous at x = 1; the function should satisfy the following equality:

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 lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f (1) ;
x!1 t!1

lim ( x + c) = lim+ 6 2x2 = 6 2 12 ;

x!1 t!1
1+c=6 2; c = 5:
Correct answer: B.

3. Find all values of a such that the function

(
x2 2x x < a
f (x) =
1 x a

is continuous everywhere.
A: a = 1 B: a = 2 C: a = 1 or a = 2 D: All real numbers. E: No real numbers.
Solution
This function is continuous for x < a and for x a, and we have to check only the point x = a:
Then, to be continuous at x = 1; the function should satisfy the following equality:
lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = f (a) ;
x!a t!a
2
lim x 2x = lim+ ( 1) = 1;
x!a t!1

a2 2a = 1; a2 2a + 1 = 0: This quadratic equation has a double root a = 1:

Correct answer: A.
2f (x)
4. Suppose f and g are functions satisfying lim f (x) = 3 and lim g(x) = 100. Evaluate lim p :
x!a x!a x!a g(x) 1
1 2 2 6 2
A: B: p C: p D: p E:
9 11 3 11 11 3
Solution
2f (x) 2 lim f (x) 2 3 6 6 2
lim p = q x!a =p = = = :
x!a g(x) 1 lim g(x) 1 100 1 10 1 9 3
x!a

Correct answer: E.
Note: the Limit Laws can be used only if the limit of each function exists. The limits are given,
lim f (x) = 3 and lim g(x) = 100; so these limits exist.
x!a x!a

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 1
5. Let f (x) = : How many points of discontinuity does the function f (f (x)) have?
x 1
A: f (f (x)) is continuous at all points. B: Exactly one point. C: Exactly two points.
D: Exactly three points. E: More than three points.
Solution
1
The function f (x) = has one discontinuity: x = 1:
x 1
1 x 1 x 1
f (f (x)) = 1 = = : It has the discontinuity at x = 0:
x 1
1 1 x+1 x
Because the domain of a composite function is an intersection of domains of the resulting composite
and inner functions, then f (f (x)) has two discontinuities, x = 0 and x = 1:
Correct answer: C.
p
1 x2
6. Let f (x) = p : The domain of f is
1+ 3x
A: ( 1; 1) B: [ 1; 1] C: [0; 1)
D: ( 1; 1] E: [ 1; 1)
Solution
p
The domain of this function consists of all values of x satisfying the conditions: 1 + 3
x 6= 0 and
1 x2 0; or x 6= 1 and x2 1, or 1 x 1:
Combining x 6= 1 and 1 x 1; we get the domain = ( 1; 1] :
Correct answer: D.

7. The value of cos is

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p sp pp
q
2+2 2+2 2 p 2+2
A: B: C: p D: 2+2 E:
2 2 2+2 2
Solution
r
2 2 2 cos 2 + 1
We can use the identity: cos 2 = cos sin = 2 cos 1: Then cos = : Let
s sp sp 2
2
pp
cos 4 + 1 2
+ 1 2 + 2 2+2
= , then cos = = = = :
8 8 2 2 4 2
Correct answer: E.

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 4x 1
8. If f (x) = ; then its inverse function, f 1 (x); is
2x + 3
1 + 3x 1 3x 1 + 3x 2 + 3x 1 + 3x
A: B: C: D: E:
4 2x 4 2x 4 + 2x 4 2x 4 3x
Solution
4x 1 3y 1 3y + 1
y= ; (2x + 3) y = 4x 1; 2xy + 3y = 4x 1; 2xy 4x = 3y 1; x = = :
2x + 3 2y 4 4 2y
1 3x+1
x $ y; then y = f (x) = 4 2x
:
Correct answer: A.

9. Solve the following equation for x: ln(x) + ln(x 1) = 0:

p p p p p
1+ 5 1+ 5 1 5 1+ 5 1 5 5
A: B: , C: D: E:
2 2 2 2 2 2
Solution
ln(x) + ln(x 1) = 0; ln [x (x 1)] = 0: Then eln(x x) = e0 : Applying the cancellation equation
2

eln x = x, for x > 0; for the left-hand side of the last equation, we get x2 x = 1; or x2 x 1 = 0:
p p
1 1+4 1+ 5
The solution to this quadratic equation is x = : There are two roots: x1 = and
p 2 2
1 5
x2 = : But because from the solution of the original equation should satisfy the intersection
2
of both conditions x > 0 and x 1 > 0; or x > 1 (as, for example, ln x is not de…ned for x 0), then
the solution x2 has to be rejected.
Correct answer: A.
x2 + x 2
10. Evaluate lim :
x!1 x2 1
1 3
A: B: C: 0 D: 1 E: DNE
2 2
Solution
x2 + x 2 (x 1) (x + 2) x+2 1+2 3
lim 2
= lim = lim = = :
x!1 x 1 x!1 (x 1) (x + 1) x!1 x+1 1+1 2
Correct answer: B.
2 3x x3
11. Evaluate the following limit: lim :
x! 1 4x + x2 + 3

A: 1 B: 1 C: 1 D: 0 E: 1

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 Solution
2 3
2 3x x3 x2 x
x
lim = (divide the numerator and denominator by x2 ) = lim 4 3 =
x! 1 4x + x2 + 3 x! 1 + 1 + x2
x
2
limx! 1 x2 limx! 1 x3 limx! 1 x 0 0 limx! 1 x
4 3 = = 1:
limx! 1 x +
limx! 1 1 + limx! 1 x2 0+1+0
1 1
We used the property: lim r = 0 and lim r = 0; for r > 0 and when xr is de…ned for negative
x!1 x x! 1 x
x.
Correct answer: C.
(
x2 cos( x1 ) x 6= 0
12. If f (x) = ; then
2 x=0
A: f 0 (0) = 0: B: f 0 (0) = 1: C: f 0 (0) = 1:
D: f is continuous at x = 0 but not di¤erentiable. E: f is not continuous at x = 0:
Solution
Before …nding the derivative, let us check if the function is continuous at x = 0: The function f (x)
1 1
is continuous and x = 0, if lim f (x) = f (0) ; or lim x2 cos( ) = 2: We can …nd lim x2 cos( ) using
x!0 x!0 x x!0 x
1 2 2 2 1
the Squeeze Theorem. Start from 1 cos( ) 1; multiply by x > 0; x x cos( ) x2 :
x x
1
Because lim x2 = lim x2 = 0, then lim x2 cos( ) = 0 6= 2: This function has a jump discontinuity
x!0 x!0 x!0 x
at x = 0; and therefore, f 0 (0) does not exist.
Correct answer: E.
(1 + h)100 4(1 + h)20 + 3
13. Find the limit lim :
h!0 h
A: 0 B: 3 C: 20 D: 23 E: DNE
Solution
f (a + h) f (a)
From the de…nition of the derivative: f 0 (a) = lim : If we identify f (x) and a by
h!0 h
comparing our limit with the de…nition of the derivative, then we will …nd f 0 (a) : Let try f (x) =
x100 4x40 and a = 1; then f (1 + h) = (1 + h)100 4(1 + h)20 , f (1) = 1100 4 120 = 3; and

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 (1 + h)100 4(1 + h)20 + 3
f 0 (1) = lim , which coincides with our limit. f (x) = x100 4x40 ; f 0 (x) =
h!0 h
100x99 80x19 ; f 0 (1) = 100 80 = 20:
Correct answer: C.

14. If f (x) = 1 + 2x x3 , what is f 0 (1)?

A: 1 B: 0 C: 1 D: 2 E: 3
Solution
f 0 (x) = 0 + 2 3x2 ; f 0 (1) = 2 3= 1:
Correct answer: A.

15. Let f (x) = csc(x): Find the derivative f 0 ( ):

6
p
3 p 2 2
A: B: 2 3 C: p D: E: 3
2 3 3
Solution
p
0 cos 6 3=2 p
f 0 (x) = csc x cot x; f ( ) = csc cot = = = 2 3:
6 6 6 sin2 6
1=4
Correct answer: B.
p
16. If h(x) = x2 4 + 3f (x) where f (1) = 7 and f 0 (1) = 4, what is h0 (1)?
12 121 56 16
A: 10 B: C: D: E:
5 10 5 5
Solution
p 3f 0 (x)
h0 (x) = 2x2 4 + 3f (x) + x2 p ;
2 4 + 3f (x)
0 2
p 2 3f 0 (1) p 3 4 12 6 56
h (1) = 2 1 4 + 3f (1)+ 1 p = 2 4 + 3 7+ p = 2 5+ ; = 10+ = :
2 4 + 3f (1) 2 4+3 7 2 5 5 5
Correct answer: D.

17. Use implicit di¤erentiation to …nd an equation of the tangent line to the curve sin(x + y) = 2x 2y
at the point ( ; ):
A: y = 13 x B: y = 13 (x ) C: y = 3(x )
D: y =x E: y + = 13 (x + )

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 Solution
d d d d (x + y) dx dy
(sin (x + y)) = (2x 2y) ; (sin (x + y)) =2 2 ;
dx dx dy dx dx dx
0 0 0 0
cos (x + y) (1 + y ) = 2 2y ; cos (x + y) + cos (x + y) y = 2 2y ;
2 cos (x + y)
y 0 [cos (x + y) + 2] = 2 cos (x + y) ; y 0 = :
2 + cos (x + y)

2 cos (2 ) 2 1 1
y0 x = = = = :
2 + cos (2 ) 2+1 3
y=
1
The equation of the tangent line at ( ; ) is y = (x ):
3
Correct answer: B.

18. Find f 0 (x) given f (x) = cos2 (x) sin2 (x).

A: 4 sin(x) cos(x) B: cos(2x) C: 0 D: csc2 (x) E: cos(x) sin(x)
Solution
f 0 (x) = 2 cos (x) ( sin (x)) 2 sin (x) cos (x) = 4 sin(x) cos(x):
Correct answer: A.
1
19. For f (x) = x2 + x 2 with x ; determine (f 1 0
) (0):
2
1
A: 2 B: 1 C: D: 3 E: This function is not invertible.
3
Solution
1 0 1 1
(f ) (x) = = ; where y and x are taken from the inverse function, i.e., y = f 1 (x) :
f 0 (f 1 (x)) f 0 (y)
Then, when x = 0 for the inverse function, it means y = 0 for the original function y = f (x) : Let us
…nd x of f (x) for which y = 0 of the original function.
p
2 1 1+8 1 3 1+3
x + x 2 = 0; x = : There are two roots: x1 = = 2 and x2 = = 1:
2 2 2
1
The …rst root does not satisfy the condition x ; then x = 1 for y = 0 of f (x) : Then, for the
2
1
inverse function, when x = 0; y = 1; and (f 1 )0 (0) = 0 :
f (1)
1
f 0 (x) = 2x + 1; f 0 (1) = 2 + 1 = 3 and (f 1 )0 (0) = :
3
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 Correct answer: C.

20. Find the derivative of g(t) = tan(cos(8t)).

8 cos(8t) sin(8t)
A: sec2 (cos(8t)) B: 8 sin(8t) sec2 (cos(8t)) C: 1+cos2 (8t)

D: 8 tan(t) E: 8 cos(8t) sec2 (cos(8t))

Solution
g(t) = tan (cos (8t)) = tan u, where u = cos v and v = 8t:
dy dy du dv d tan u d cos v d (8t)
g 0 (t) = = =
dt du dv dt du dv dt
= sec2 u ( sin v) 8 = 8 sec2 (cos (8t)) sin (8t) :
Correct answer: B.
p
21. (7 points) Let f (x) = x + 1: Using the space below, create a single sketch including:

(a) (1) The graph y = f (x):

(b) (2) The graph of the inverse y = f 1 (x):
(c) (2) The line tangent to y = f (x) at x = 3: What is the equation of this line?
(d) (2) The line tangent to y = f 1 (x) at x = 2: What is the equation of this line?

Solution

(a) The graphs of y = f (x) (red), y = f 1 (x) (blue), the tangent line to y = f (x)
at x = 3 (orange), the tangent line to y = f 1 (x) at x = 2 (purple) are given
on the next page.
The dashed line is y = x, just for checking that the graphs of y = f (x) and
y = f 1 (x) are mirror re‡ections of each other about this line.
p
(b) f (x) = x + 1 has the domain x 1 and the range y 0:
p 2
y = x + 1; x + 1 = y ; x = y 2
1; x $ y; then y = f 1 (x) = x2 1 with the domain
x 0 and the range y 1:
p
Note: the whole parabola y = x2 1 is not the inverse function of f (x) = x + 1;
only one branch for x 0 has to be taken.

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(c) The line tangent to y = f (x) at x = 3: What is the equation of this line?
1 1 1 p
f 0 (x) = p ; f 0 (3) = p = and f (3) = 3 + 1 = 2:
2 x+1 2 3+1 4 p
The equation of the tangent line to the curve y = f (x) = x + 1 at (3; 2): y 2 =
1 1 5
(x 3), or y = x + :
4 4 4
(d) The line tangent to y = f 1 (x) at x = 2: What is the equation of this line?
0 0
f 1 (x) = 2x; f 1 (2) = 4 and f 1 (2) = 22 1 = 3:
The equation of the tangent line to the curve y = f 1 (x) = x2 1 for (x 0) at

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 (2; 3): y 3 = 4 (x 2), or y = 4x 5:
p
Note: the tangent lines to y = f (x) = x + 1 at (3; 2) and to y = f 1 (x) = x2 1 at
(2; 3) are also mirror re‡ections of each other about the line y = x:

(2x2 + 3)(3x3 7)
22. (6 points) Does the function g de…ned by g(x) = have any hori-
3x(x2 2)(4 x2 )
zontal asymptotes? If so, what are they? Please make sure to include and carefully
detail all of your supporting calculations.
Solution
The function y = g (x) has a horizontal asymptote if either x!1
lim g (x) = L or lim g(x) =
x! 1
L, or both such limits exist.
(2x2 + 3)(3x3 7)
lim g (x) = lim
x!1 3x(x2
(divide the numerator and denominator by x5 ),
x!1 2)(4 x2 )
3
2+ 3
3 7 2 + lim 2 3 lim 73 2 3
x2 x3 x!1 x x!1 x
lim 2 4
= = = 2: (Here we used the
x!1 3 1
x2 x2
1 3 1 lim2 4
lim 1 3 1 ( 1)
2 2
x!1 x x!1 x
1
limit x!1
lim = 0 for r > 0).
xr
(2x2 + 3)(3x3 7)
Similarly, x!
lim g (x) = lim
x! 1 3x(x2
= 2: There is only one horizontal as-
1 2)(4 x2 )
ymptote: y = 2:
Summarize your answer in the box below:

The function g has one horizontal asymptote: y = 2.

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 x 2 2
23. (7 points) The equation + y3 = 1 de…nes an ellipse. In the …rst quadrant,
2
where x 0 and y 0; there is exactly one point (x0 ; y0 ) on the ellipse where the
tangent to the ellipse has slope m = 29 : Use implicit di¤erentiation to …nd this
point.
Solution
d x 2 y 2 d (1) 1 1
Di¤erentiate implicitly: + = ; 2x + 2yy 0 = 0:
dx 2 3 dx 4 9
9 9x
2yy 0 = 2x; y 0 = : This is the slope of the tangent line to the ellipse at any point
4 4y
x 2
y 2 9x0
that belongs to the curve = 1: At (x0 ; y0 ) it is y 0 x = x0 =
+ 3
: At the
2 4y0
y = y0
9x 0 9 x
same time, it equals to m = 29 : Consequently, = , or y0 = 0 : As the point
4y0 2 2
x 2 2
(x0 ; y 0 ) belongs to the ellipse, then x0 and y0 also satisfy the equation + y3 = 1:
2
x0 x0 2 y0 2
Substituting y0 = into this equation gives: + 3 = 1;
2 2
36 6 x 3
9x20 + x20 = 36;x20 = ; x0 = p (as x 0). Then y0 = 0 = p :
10 10 2 10
6 3
The point is p ;p :
10 10
p
24. (1 point) Put a check in the box if you have veri…ed that
you did not insert extra pages, initialled every page, labeled gradable work on the
extra pages, …lled in the required info on the Bubble Sheet (Version X, ID, etc.).

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