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Cell Structures and Their Functions

Cell structures include organelles that perform specific functions within cells and the cytoplasm, which holds the organelles. The cell membrane encloses the cytoplasm and separates intra- and extracellular materials. There are three main types of transport across the cell membrane: passive transport via diffusion or osmosis which does not require energy, and active transport which uses energy and carrier proteins to move materials against a concentration gradient. Endocytosis and exocytosis are processes that transport materials into and out of cells using membrane-bound vesicles.

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Sheikha Kamid
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41 views2 pages

Cell Structures and Their Functions

Cell structures include organelles that perform specific functions within cells and the cytoplasm, which holds the organelles. The cell membrane encloses the cytoplasm and separates intra- and extracellular materials. There are three main types of transport across the cell membrane: passive transport via diffusion or osmosis which does not require energy, and active transport which uses energy and carrier proteins to move materials against a concentration gradient. Endocytosis and exocytosis are processes that transport materials into and out of cells using membrane-bound vesicles.

Uploaded by

Sheikha Kamid
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cell Structures and Their Active Transport and Endocytosis is a process that

Functions Passive Transport- Passive that brings materials into cell


membrane transport does using vesicles.
not require the cell to Phagocytosis is often used
CELL STRUCTURE expend energy. Active for endocytosis when solid
Organelles: membrane transport does particles are ingested.
• specialized require the cell to expend
energy. Pinocytosis has much smaller
structures in cells vesicles formed, and they
that perform A solution is generally contain liquid rather than
• specific functions composed of two major solid particles.
Cytoplasm: parts, solutes and the
solvent. Exocytosis involves the use of
• jelly-like substance
membrane-bound sacs called
holds organelles This movement from high secretory vesicles
Cell membrane: concentration to a low
• termed the plasma concentration is diffusion. Organelles are specialized
membrane structures that perform
CLASSES OF CELL certain functions.
structure that
MEMBRANE
encloses the The rough ER is involved in
cytoplasm Leak channels constantly protein synthesis and is
allow ions to pass through. rough due to attached
CELL- Smallest units of life Gated channels limit the ribosomes.
movement of ions The smooth ER has no
The cell membrane, or
plasma membrane, is the Osmosis exerts a pressure, attached ribosomes and is a
site for lipid synthesis,
outermost component of a termed osmotic pressure
cell. The cytoskeleton gives
A hypotonic solution has a
Materials inside the cell lower concentration of internal framework to the
are intracellular and those solutes and a higher cell.
outside are extracellular. concentration of water Microtubules are hollow
The fluid-mosaic model is structures formed from
Carrier-mediated transport
the model used to protein subunits.
mechanisms include
describe the cell
facilitated diffusion and
membrane structure. Active transport.
Phospholipids contain 2
regions: polar and Facilitated diffusion is a
carrier-mediated transport
nonpolar.
process that moves
substances across the cell
membrane

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