Refresher  

-­‐  HYDRAULICS       Quiz  6  

PROBLEM  1-­‐3:  

A prismatic vessel has two compartments A and B communicating by an orifice 0.3 m.

square with C = 0.60. The horizontal cross-section of A is 10 sq.m. and that of B is 40 sq.m.
At a certain time the water in A is 6 m. above the center of the orifice and in B is 3 m.

➀ Compute the discharge from A to B.

➁ Find the time in which the water surfaces in the two tanks will reach the same
elevation.
③ How soon thereafter will the water surface be 1 meter apart.

Solution:
➀ Discharge from A to B:
h=3m
Q = CA 2gh 6m
3m
Q = 0.60(0.3)(0.3) 2(9.81)(3)
Q = 0.414 m3/s

➁ Time in which the water surfaces in A B

the two tanks will reach the same
elevation.
2AB h
t=
(A + B) C As 2g
As = 0.3(0.3)
As = 0.09
A = 10 m2
B = 40 m2
2(10)(40) 3
t=
(10 + 40 )(0.60)(0.09) 2(9.81)
t = 115.86 sec.
Refresher  -­‐  HYDRAULICS       Quiz  6  
PROBLEM  1-­‐3:   cont.  

③ Time for the water surface to be 1 m. apart.

x+y+1=3
x
x+y=2 1m
10x = 40y 6m y
x = 4y 3m
4y + y = 2
5y = 2
y = 0.40
x = 4(0.14) = 1.6
Vol. of H2O moving out of A A=10m2 B=40m2
= 10(1.6) = 16 m3
CA 2g ( h1 + h2)
Ave Q = 2
0.60(0.09) 2(9.81) ( 3 + 1)
Qave = 2
Qave = 0.3267 m3/s
V
t=Q
16
t = 0.3267
t = 48.97 sec.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refresher  -­‐  HYDRAULICS       Quiz  6  
PROBLEM  4:  
 
A concrete spillway controls a reservoir having an area of 4.6 hectares. The
length of spillway is 8.14 m. Assuming C = 1.84. How long will it take for the
water to be drawn from elevation 92 m. to elevation 90 m. if the flash boards are
removed ? Assuming crest elevation is 89 m.
 
 
Solution:  

A = 4.6(10000)
A = 46000 sq.m. El. 92 m

! !! !!
𝑡= ! ! 3m
El. 90 m
! !"###!! 1m
 𝑡 = ! !.!"  !!!/!
El. 89 m
!
46000 L=8.14 m
𝑡= ℎ!!/! 𝑑ℎ
1.84(8.14) !

3
t = 3071.25 (-2) h-1/2 ]1

t = 6142.5 [
1
3
-
1
1
]
t = 2596.3 sec.
t = 43.27 minutes
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refresher  -­‐  HYDRAULICS       Quiz  6  
PROBLEM  5-­‐7:  

A rectangular tank of internal width 7 m. partitioned as shown, it contains oil and

water. Assume unit wt. of water is 9.79 kN/m3.
 
➀ If the oil has a sp.gr. of 0.84, find its depth h.
➁ If a 900 N block of wood is floated in oil, what is the volume of wood
submerged.
③ If a 900 N block of wood is floated in oil, what is the rise in free surface of the
water in contact with air?

h Oil
(0.84) 1m
H2O 4m
3m

0.5m 1m

Solution: 900 N

➀ Depth "h": h1
1m
VS
Oil
y

0 + 9.79 (0.84) h - 9.79 (1) = 0 x

H 2O
h = 1.19 m. 3-x 3
4m

0.5m 1m

➁ Volume of wood:
0.900 = 9.79 (Vs)(0.84)
Vs = 0.10944 m3. (vol. of wood submerged)

③ Rise in free surface of the water in contact with air:

Since the volume of oil does not change:
1.19(0.5)(7) + 0.10944 = h1 (0.5)(7)
h1 = 1.221 m.
0+9.79(0.84)(1.221)+9.79(3-x)-9.79(4+0.5x)=0
  x(0.5)(7) = y(1)(7) x= 0.01709m
y= 0.5x Thus, y =0.00854m
Refresher  -­‐  HYDRAULICS       Quiz  6  
PROBLEM  8:  
 
A manometer is attached to a conduit as shown. What is the pressure at A given
the following:
Sp.gr. of liquid = 13.6
h = 150 mm h2 = 375 mm

Water

A
h = 150 mm

h2 = 375 mm

B
(sp. gr. = 13.6)

Solution:
PA + 9.81(0.15 + 0.375) – 9.81(13.6)(0.375) = 0
PA = 44.88 kPa
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refresher  -­‐  HYDRAULICS       Quiz  6  
PROBLEM  9-­‐11:  
 

A jet of water 75 mmø and moving to the right impinges on a flat plate held normal to its
axis. If the velocity of the jet is 25 m/s.

➀ What force will keep the plate in equilibrium?

➁ If the plate were moving to the right with a velocity of 9 m/s, what force would the jet
exert on the plate?
➂ Had the plate been moving to the left at 9 m/s, what force would the jet exert on the
plate?

flat plate
Solution: V1=25
➀ Force to keep the plate in equilibrium: V2=0
F = ρAV2 F
⎛ π⎞ 2
F = 1000 ⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠ (0.075) (25)2

F = 2761 N

➁ Force of the jet exerted on the plate: V1=25 m/s

F = ρA (V1 - V2)2 V2=9 m/s
⎛ π⎞ F
2
F = 1000 ⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠ (0.075) (25 - 9)2
F = 1131 N

➂ Force exerted on the plate by the jet:

F = ρA (V1 - V2)2
V1=25 m/s
⎛ π⎞ 2 V2=9 m/s
F = 1000 ⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠ (0.075) [(25 - (-9)]2
F
⎛ π⎞ 2
F = 1000 ⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠ (0.075) (25 + 9)2
F = 5107 N
 
 
Refresher  -­‐  HYDRAULICS       Quiz  6  
PROBLEM  12:  
 
A liquid which is compressed in a cylinder if it has a volume of 1000 cu.cm.
(1 liter) at 2 MPa and a volume of 990 cu.cm. at 2.5 MPa. Compute the bulk
modulus of elasticity.

Solution:
∆P
Ev = ∆V
V
2.5 - 2
Ev = 10
1 000
Ev = 100 (0.5)
Ev = 50 MPa

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Refresher  -­‐  HYDRAULICS       Quiz  6  
PROBLEM  13:  
 
Assuming normal barometric pressure, how deep is the ocean at a point where an
air bubble, upon reaching the surface, has six times the volume than it had at the
bottom?

w.s. 1

Solution:
W = 10104 N/m3 for salt water (sp.gr = 1.03)
Using Boyles Law:
P1 = 101.356 KPa (barometric pressure)
P1 V1 = P2 + V2
P2 = 101.356 + 9.81 h(1.03)
P2 101.356 + 10.104 h
P1 101.356
V1 = 6V2
101.356(6)V2 = 101.356 + 10.104 h)V2
h = 50.16 m
 
 
Refresher  -­‐  HYDRAULICS       Quiz  6  
PROBLEM  14:      
 
A concrete cube 0.60 m. on an edge, weighing 23.5 kN/m3 is placed at the bottom
of the tank in which seawater (sp.gr. = 1.03) stands 5 m. deep. The bottom edges
are sealed off so that no water is admitted under the block. Evaluate the vertical
pull required to lift the block in kN.

Solution:

w.s.

P
4.4
F F
5

0.60 m W

0.60 m

P=F+W
P = 9.81(1.03)(4.4)(0.6)(0.6) + 23.5(0.6)(0.6)(0.6)
P = 21.08 kN
Refresher  -­‐  HYDRAULICS       Quiz  6  

STUDY THE FOLLOWING PRACTICAL QUESTIONS

PROBLEM  15  

Hydraulic turbines are the machines which convert water energy into
Ans. mechanical energy ü

PROBLEM  16  

The ratio between power developed by the runner and the net power supplied by the water at the entrance to a turbine is
known as
Ans. hydraulic efficiency ü

PROBLEM  17  

If cavitation parameter is zero

Ans. boiling should occur ü

PROBLEM  18  

The machine which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy is known as
Ans. pump ü

PROBLEM  19  

Pipes used to carry water under pressure from storage reservoir to the turbines are called
Ans. penstocks ü  

PROBLEM  20  

The theoretical velocity of a jet of liquid issuing out of an orifice under a head of h being equal to the velocity of a
free falling body dropping through a height of h” is known as the:
Ans. Torricelli Law