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Lembar Kerja Belajar Mandiri

Judul Modul ENGLISH FOR PUBLIC INFORMATION

Judul Kegiatan Belajar (KB) 1. PUBLIC NOTICES
2. POSTERS AND BANNERS
3. GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
4. INFOGRAPHICS
No Butir Refleksi Respon/Jawaban
1 Garis besar materi yang PUBLIC NOTICES
dipelajari 1. The Definitions:
- People usually use a notice to give information,
instruction or warning. That’s why notices use simple
words with simple fonts written in a placard or notice
board.
- A notice/caution is a functional text used as an
instruction or guidance to someone doing or not doing
something.
- A notice is a formal means of communication. The
purpose of a notice is to announce or display
information to a specific group of people. In the social
communication, there are many functions or purposes
of notice.
2. The purposes of notices are based on the message written
in the notice. Notices use simple words with simple fonts
written on a placard or notice board.
3. The Characteristics:
- Short (simple words, phrases, or clauses)
- Easy to understand
- Written in capital fonts
- Mostly use images/pictures
- In the forms of phrases (combination of words),
clauses (sentences), or images/ marks/signs
- Should be easily read.
4. The Generic Structures:
- Attention gather (optional)
Attention gather means using expressions or phrases
that can attract readers’ or people’s attention such as
Notice, Warning, or Caution.
- Information
Information here can be defined as the messages or
information of the text that want to be delivered to
people.
- Closure (optional)
Some notices end with a closure, some others do not.
We do not always find a closure in a notice.
5. The Language Features:
- Using Imperative mood (imperative sentence)
Most notices use imperative sentence. An imperative
sentence is a sentence which makes a command or
request. It usually begins with a verb.
- Using Declarative sentence
Declarative sentence begins with subject.
 - Spoken/written language features
In spoken language, personal pronouns are often used
and the sentence is usually short. In written language,
personal pronouns are rarely used and the sentences
tend to be longer.
6. The Types:
- Command
- Notice
- Information
- Prohibition
- Warning
POSTERS AND BANNERS
1. The Definitions:
- A poster is one of the communication media that is
used to convey a message or information. The message
contained in a poster should be written briefly and
clearly.
- A banner is a typically a rectangular advertisement
placed on a website either above, below or on the
sides of the website’s main content and is linked to
the advertiser's own website. In the early days of the
Internet, banners were ads with text and graphic
images.
2. The Generic Structures of Posters:
- Header Area
Not all posters require a header or heading. In general,
this is the area where a logo is placed, the logo of a
department for which the author is working. There can
be guidelines as regards the correct placement of a
logo - just inquire at your organization.
- Title Area
A title should be clearly visible (from a 5 – 10 m
distance), significant, and not too long. Due to space
restrictions it is often placed next to the logo, which
may not be in accordance with your organization's
guidelines (e.g., the University of Zurich specifies that
the space to the logo's right side has to be left blank).
- Author's photo and address
At poster fairs, where authors are not always standing
next to their posters, we recommend providing a photo
in order to be recognized and approached, if necessary.
There should at least be an address (an e-mail address
is often sufficient). Make sure to mention all authors
and their affiliation (the latter can be put in the footer
area).
- Main area
The main area can be structured and sub-divided, e.g.,
by using several columns or an image across all
columns. In this area, you present the poster's main
statement.
- Footer area
Header and footer can be seen as a kind of framework
tying it all together. However, the footer is not just a
graphic element; this is where you can indicate
references and contact details as well. This is also the
 only area where the font size does not necessarily have
to be read from a distance of 1 - 1.5 m.
- Background
Often there are posters highlighted not only with
colors but also with a structure or an image. This
background should be appropriate as regards the
poster's topic and not be distracting at all. If in doubt, it
is always best to choose an unstructured background
color.
- Fonts
In a poster you can use serif as well as sans serif fonts.
For longer texts sans serif fonts should be avoided, but
since you should not use longer text blocks in a poster
both types can be used. Avoid decorative fonts since
they are not so legible. Use boldface for emphasis,
avoid underscores or italics for a poster.
- Addition
If you use justification for text blocks, make sure that
hyphenation is on. In order to avoid too large spaces
between words better use ragged alignment. Lines
typically do not contain more than 70-90 characters.
Texts with longer lines should have bigger line spacing
to render them more legible. Typical line spaces are
20-30% bigger than the font (i.e. for a 40 pt font you
should use 48-52 pt line spacing).
3. The Generic Structure of Banners:
- Logo
The company’s color scheme and guidelines should be
referenced and apparent in the design of banner. It
should link to a landing page about the offer or
information on the banner, so make sure it looks
consistent to avoid any confusion or anxiety.
Remember your logo must be included to build
readers’ awareness and recognition. Make sure that it’s
visually dominant, but not as dominant as the value
proposition and the call to action. Also consider
including your tagline or other
memorable/recognizable program or product.
Note: Without a logo, there is no way of knowing who
the advertiser is and if they are trustworthy.
- Value Proposition
The value proposition should be the most prominent
element on the banner. It should take up the most
space and be the first thing that attracts the viewers’
eyes. Use this space to showcase the benefits of your
service/product, grab the visitor’s attention and instill a
sense of urgency and desire. This is a great place to
showcase special thing of your event or program such
as offers and prices, i.e., ‘High Quality,’ ‘50% off,’
‘Limited time offer,’ or ‘Free!’.
Note: The value proposition is big, bold, and
commands attention above all else.
- Body Copy
The goal of display is to get the visitor’s attention,
pique their interest, and earn their click. You don’t
 need to, and should NOT, put every bit of information
on the banner itself. Include just enough information to
get the readers interest and leave them wanting more.
It may take some creative, original verbiage to convey
all you need to in about 10 words. But remember a
simple banner will have higher click through rates, so
if the banner takes more than two seconds to read,
there is too much text.
Note: A banner should provide a clear, concise
description of the product or event, giving just enough
information to want to learn more.
- Image
Choose relevant images, graphics, or photos that
enhance the message contained in the banner and that
are directly related to your product. Avoid abstract
concepts that require too much time and thought to
decipher. Images should help bring a sense of visual
urgency to the text by using contrasting, bold colors or
a sense of clarity to a non-tangible service. However, it
is not always necessary to use photos or images in your
banners. Text of banner with nice typography on a
contrasting background can be just as effective. Use
imagery well, but only when you need it.
- Call to Action (CTA)
One of the most critical elements of a banner is the call
to action or ‘the ask’, and not including a CTA will
assuredly decrease click through rate. The call to
action is text or a button that asks the user to ‘interact’
with the banner ad, whether it’s implied or direct. This
could be as simple as adding a ‘Get the Guide,’ ‘Test it
Out,’ ‘Watch Now,’ or ‘Join the Fun’ button
encouraging the reader to click through to your landing
page. Be as clear and specific as possible with your
CTA text. You must ensure visitors know what they’re
getting in exchange for the click.
Note: With no call to action, you don’t know what
you’re really supposed to do here.
4. The Social Function of Posters:
- to alert and engage the viewer
- to challenge and call an audience into action
- to promote an event
5. The Social Function of Banners:
- used to advertising or naming of college or universities
- used as a media to promote a product, event, or service
- Basically, it is an announcement so that everyone can
see.
6. The Language Features of Posters:
- Short Text Elements
- Phrases and Active voice
- Serif font for text and san-serif font for title and
heading (Optional)
7. The Language Features of Banners:
- Use Simple Present Tense
- Use simple phrases or statements
8. A good poster and banner should say:
 - Look at me
- Read me
- Ask me
GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
1. The Definitions:
- A graphic organizer represents visual understanding
that structures information by organizing significant
elements of a notion or subject in a pattern using
labels. Its primary function is to present information in
a concise manner that emphasizes concept organization
and relationships.
- A graphic organizer is a visual and graphic display
that depicts the relationships between facts, terms,
and or ideas.
2. The Generic Structures:
- Title, heading and/or label
- Specific locations for information
- Short descriptions (bullets or limited sentences)
3. The Social Functions:
- Tools for critical and creative thinking
- Tools for organizing information
- Tools for understanding information and relationships
- Tools for depicting knowledge and understanding
- Tools for self-learning
4. The Types:
- Description
- Sequence
- Compare and Contrast
- Cause and Effect
- Problem and Solution
5. The Examples:
- Description

- Sequence
 - Compare and Contrast

- Cause and Effect

- Problem and Solution

6. The Language Features:

One of the goals of using graphic organizers is to make
 learners focus on the connections between information. So,
language barriers such as words and grammars are
removed. The organizers provide the learner with a
different way of seeing and thinking about information.
Therefore, the key features of graphic organizers do not
deal with lexico-grammatical matters. Instead, they are
developed in the following ways.
- Complex information is conveyed in a simple-to-
understand manner through a visual display. In
other words, a large amount of information can be
converted into easy-to-read display. In short, they
show instead of tell how information is structured. It
facilitates students’ understanding in an easier way.
- Analytical, critical, planning, and creative thinking
skills are concerned. By using graphic organizers, the
learner has to identify the relationships between items,
see the meaning, prioritize the information, and decide
the items should be placed. It leads to form their
learning strategy better.
- The organizers are made to be easily edited,
revised, and added.
- Graphic organizers have multiple uses such as
planning, brainstorming, studying, or summarizing.
They can be used in writing or reading skill.
- Most graphic organizers use short words or
phrases, or drawings, so they can appropriately be
used with all levels of learners.
INFOGRAPHICS
1. The Definitions:
- Infographics are essentially visual representations of
information.
- Infographic is a combination of the words
“information” and “graphics”. Merriam-Webster
defines infographics as “a chart, diagram, or
illustration (as in a book or magazine, or on a website)
that uses graphic elements to present information in a
visually striking way”.
2. The Generic Structures:
- Headline/Title
Your headline should tell the whole gist of your
infographic. It is better for you to make it short yet
interesting.
- Beginning/Introduction
This part contains sentences describing your
infographic. Your introduction should grasp your
reader’s attention.
- Middle/Main Infographic Content
This is the main focus of your infographic. Here, the
main idea of your message is broken down into
smaller sections by using subtopics, subheadings,
supporting sentences, and data visual elements.
- End/Conclusion
You summarize and reinforce your argument in this
part. You can write what you want your readers to do.
- Sources and Footnotes
 Do not forget to cite your sources if you are using
sources apart from your own, for finding relevant data
for example.
3. The Social Functions:
- Statistical Infographics
This type of infographics allows you to visualize
survey results, present data from some sources, argue
some issues with relevant data, and etc. It focuses on
your data and the layout and visuals support you tell
the story behind your data. You may include charts,
icons, images, and interesting fonts. You can see
the following example of a statistical infographic
using a combination of bold fonts and colorful icons to
draw attention to each statistic.
- Informational Infographics
If you want to inform a concept or to give an overview
of a topic, this type of infographic is appropriate to
use. Commonly it is divided into sections containing
descriptive headers. The flow of your infographic will
be clearly seen when you add numbering in each
section. However, you do not have to follow a
chronological order. If there is only a collection of
facts, you might choose a circular design. The
following is an example of informational infographics.
- Timeline Infographics
This type of infographic functions to visualize the
history of something, to highlight important dates, or
to give an overview of an event. This infographic
supports people to create a clearer figure of a
timeframe. Visual aids such as lines, photos, and labels
all support explaining points in time. The following is
an example of timeline infographic which is illustrated
using colorful icons.
- Process Infographics
This type of infographic is suitable for providing a
summary or overview of the steps in a process. You
can simplify and clarify each step in process
infographics. Mostly, the depict a straightforward top-
to-bottom or left-to-right flow. You can put numbering
to make your process easy to follow. The following is
an example of a process infographic using different
colors for the headers of each step and corresponding
icons.
- Geographic Infographics
You can visualize location-based data or demographic
data through this type of infographic. The focus visual
in geographic infographics is the map charts and
different types of them work better for different types
of data. The following is an example of a geographic
infographic which simply points out locations on a
map by using icons and brief labels.
- Comparison Infographics
You can use this type of infographic to compare
options in an unbiased way or to make one option
seem better. Commonly, comparison infographics are
 divided in the middle vertically or horizontally with
one option on each side. To emphasize the option you
want your readers to pick, you can use a more
interesting color on it. The following is one example
of a comparison infographic contrasting colors to
emphasize the difference between both options.
- Hierarchical Infographics
This type of infographic arranges information from
greatest to least. The following is an example of a
hierarchical infographic of the pyramid visualizing
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. At the base of the
pyramid is the most important needs, ascending to the
top is the least.
- List Infographics
You can use this type of infographic to share a
collection of tips, or a list of resources, or a list of
examples. Generally, it is straightforward. Again,
numbering and interesting icons can make the
information flow and stand out. The following is an
example of a list infographic which has no particular
order.
4. The Examples
- Statistical Infographics

- Informational Infographics
- Timeline Infographics

- Process Infographics
- Geographic Infographics

- Comparison Infographics
 - Hierarchical Infographics

- List Infographics

5. The Language Features:

- Informative
You need to be informative, accurate, and revealing
the message. You need to make sure that through your
infographics, you can add values that a text alone
 cannot communicate. In general, your aim is to bring
clarity and understanding where there is complexity
and confusion.
- Engaging
Use the language that invites people to explore the
information and help them find relevance and context.
Stimulate them so that they will want to spend time
reading your infographics.
- Accessible
You need to communicate to the readers with the
clearest language and the simplest techniques.
2 Daftar materi yang sulit 1. Graphic Organizers
dipahami di modul ini 2. Infographics
3 Daftar materi yang sering 1. Posters
mengalami miskonsepsi 2. Banners