ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

Arduino-based Automatic Color Segregator for Future Waste Management

Hadriel Elroy S. Manjares

Skyle P. Mendiola
Airielle Mitch P. Rey

Pedro Guevara Memorial National High School

Sta. Cruz, Laguna

Vanessa B. Villacarlos
Research Adviser
ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

Acknowledgment
We are overwhelmed with gratitude towards each and every person who has

supported us throughout this journey. Your unwavering efforts, hard work, assistance,

and guidance have been invaluable to us, and we can't express enough how much we

appreciate everything you've done.

We'd like to start by thanking our Heavenly Father for helping us cheer each other

up and providing us with the strength and capability to complete these tasks. It is through

His grace that we were able to overcome all the obstacles that came our way.

Next, we would like to express our deepest appreciation to our parents, who have

been our most ardent supporters since the beginning. Their unwavering love, care, and

support have been our constant source of strength and motivation. Despite the high cost

of materials we needed for this project, they never hesitated to lend us a helping hand.

We also recognize and appreciate the indispensable role played by Mrs. Vanessa

Villacarlos, our research advisor, and go-to teacher for all our research procedures. Her

guidance and expertise have been critical to our success, and we owe her a debt of

gratitude that we can never fully repay.

Finally, we want to express our gratitude to all our friends, classmates, and

colleagues who have supported us in various ways, be it through their encouragement,

feedback, or resources. Your unwavering support has been instrumental in our success,

and we couldn't have done it without you.

ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

Abstract

The pressing issue of waste management, worsening by a lack of effective

segregation, calls for creative solutions. As a result, this study presents an Arduino-based

Automatic Color Segregator, which is intended to promote efficient waste sorting and

raise awareness about responsible waste management. The study's objectives include

developing the segregator, measuring its color segregation capabilities, and determining

whether there are any significant differences in its performance with different colors. The

research included gathering materials, setting up the Arduino, thorough component

testing, and designing and building the segregator. The results of the trials show that,

while red and blue detection occasionally failed, green was consistently recognized.

Statistical analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in the color capabilities

of the segregator. This project is a significant step forward in terms of improving waste

management practices and raising awareness, with potential applications in public

spaces, contributing to more sustainable waste disposal solutions, and educating future

generations on responsible waste management.

Keywords: Waste management, Automatic Color Segregator, Arduino technology,

Environmental awareness, Efficient waste sorting, Sustainability, Waste reduction.

ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

Introduction
A major environmental issue we face is waste management. We lack the

infrastructure needed for proper collection and disposal, and as waste production

increases, the problem gets worse. Metro Manila only recycles 11% of its garbage due to

poor segregation efforts. Shockingly, 22.8% of people surveyed don't even separate their

garbage for recycling. However, new technology can mechanically separate paper and

plastic wastes, reducing landfill waste. While this is a step in the right direction, more

effort and investment are still needed to address the broader issue of waste disposal.

As student researchers, we are committed to developing an Automatic Color

Segregator that promotes proper trash segregation and educates users on the importance

of waste management. Our device is based on Arduino technology and made of durable

materials such as Sintra board and PVC pipe to ensure longevity.

The Automatic Color Segregator operates by automatically rotating to the proper

compartment when a user places an object in the bin. This innovative feature promotes

proper trash sorting and makes it easier for users to dispose of waste in an

environmentally responsible way.

Our team focused on ensuring that the Automatic Color Segregator is easy to use

and maintain. We are committed to working to promote its use in homes, schools, and

other settings.
ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

Background of the Study

As the world population continues to grow, the amount of waste generated in

cities is increasing rapidly. This poses a major threat to waste management authorities,

who are struggling to keep up with the sheer volume of garbage produced. Traditional

waste management methods are often inefficient, time-consuming, and labor-intensive,

and may not be able to cope with the demands of modern cities. This is where waste

segregation technology comes in.

Waste segregation technology is a method that automatically separates waste into

many categories, including plastic, paper, and other wastes. The system may use machine

learning to determine the composition and particular color of the waste and can then route

it to the correct container for additional processing utilizing color sensors and servo

motors. As a result, there is less chance of contamination, recycling is encouraged and

waste is carefully divided.

One of the key benefits of waste segregation technology is its ability to reduce the

workload of sanitation workers. By automating the waste segregation process, the system

reduces the need for human intervention, ensuring that sanitation workers can focus on

other important tasks such as collection and disposal. This not only improves the

efficiency of waste management but also reduces the risk of health hazards for workers

who are exposed to hazardous waste.

Another benefit of waste segregation technology is its ability to promote

sustainability. By separating waste into different categories, the system enables

authorities to identify the types of waste that can be recycled or reused. This reduces the
ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

amount of waste that is sent to landfills, which in turn reduces greenhouse gas emissions

and environmental pollution. (Agarwal, 2020)

Waste segregation technology is also highly customizable, allowing authorities to

tailor the system to their specific needs. For example, the sensors and servo motors can

be programmed to detect different types of waste and direct them to different bins using a

different code. This flexibility ensures that the system can be adapted to suit the needs of

different locations and waste types. In our case, we will be segregating only dry wastes

such as paper and plastic.

Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of this study is to see if using Arduino-based Automatic Color

Segregator can be used for future waste management. Specifically, it aims to achieve the

following objectives:

1. To develop the Arduino-based Automatic Color Segregator for future

waste management

2. To determine the capability of the segregator in terms of color (red, blue,

green)

3. To determine if there is significant difference in the capability of the

segregator in terms of color for future waste management.

Hypotheses

H0: There is no significant effect in the use of color segregator for future waste

management
ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

H1: There is a significant effect in the use of color segregator for future waste

management

Significance of the Study

The study focused on improving color waste management. Municipalities benefit

from it by streamlining waste collection, reducing landfill usage, and lowering costs.

Recycling industries benefit from a steady supply of pre-sorted materials. Educational

institutions can use the Arduino-based segregator as an educational tool to raise

environmental awareness among students. Waste workers have less work and are less

exposed to hazards, while tourist destinations maintain cleanliness and natural beauty.

Scope and Limitation

The researchers designed, developed, and implemented an automated color

segregator system using Arduino technology. The study focused on creating a prototype

that can accurately identify and segregate different types of colors. The research was

conducted in Santa Cruz, Laguna.

The researchers encountered challenges due to the difficulty involved in designing

and building the Arduino-based color segregator. A fully working and effective prototype

took two months to develop. The effective implementation of the Arduino-based color

segregator might require specialized technical knowledge, and precise machine learning

making it difficult for those with no background in technology or programming to

accurately replicate the system.

ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Waste management and segregation are vital in urban areas to prevent disease

spread. The Philippines produces 16.68 million tons of waste yearly. Segregation can

help achieve effective utilization and recycling of waste. A waste segregator system

easily separates waste using an IR sensor that detects and categorizes plastic, paper, or

metallic waste. Another sensor determines the garbage compartment and a servo motor

deposits the waste into the appropriate bin. (Automatic Waste Segregation System |

Advanced Mechanical Project, 2019)

Waste disposal is a global problem that many countries are struggling to address.

The disposal process involves burial, burning, recycling, and discharge. Proper waste

segregation is crucial because it makes recycling easier and cheaper, reduces landfill

waste, and promotes public health. Despite efforts by organizations and localities,

garbage disposal remains a major concern worldwide. (K Abhinav Nishanth et al., 2014)

Population growth has led to environmental hazards, with the critical issue being

the increasing amount of trash. To address this, we developed an automatic waste

segregation system using Internet-of-Things. Our system utilizes a trash bin equipped

with sensors that can intelligently segregate waste. We used image recognition and

machine learning to automatically classify trash, and after training with over 2000

samples for biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste, the prototype was able to

classify trash efficiently. (Pamintuan et al., 2019)

The study, which involved a comprehensive analysis of the system, revealed some

interesting findings. From the data collected, it was observed that in a few cases, the
ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

system mistakenly identified a plastic bottle as a tin can. This occurred mainly when the

cap of the bottle accidentally hit the platform. This suggests that the system may not be

entirely accurate in certain scenarios. It is worth noting, however, that the system

performed remarkably well overall, and the instances of misidentification were few and

far between. To improve accuracy, further tests are recommended, and adjustments can

be made accordingly. (M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur., 2018)

Municipal solid waste management is a major environmental concern in the

Philippines. The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001 has been implemented

to address this issue, but compliance at the barangay level remains a challenge. This

study assessed the compliance of selected barangays in Cebu City to the integrated solid

waste management plan based on the 3 R's. The results show less compliance in policies

regarding segregation, composting, recycling, incentives, and public information.

Collection and transport of solid waste and enforcement of penalties and fines show

moderate compliance. (Camarillo & Bellotindos, 2021)

Solid waste management is a major issue in the Philippines, causing health and

environmental risks due to improper disposal. To address this, a Smart Waste Bin

Segregation system was developed using Image Processing and machine learning. The

system uses an intelligent waste bin prototype that identifies and segregates waste into

paper, plastic, and metallic categories. Accuracy tests using statistical tools were

conducted, resulting in an overall accuracy of 97.33%. While the device was designed for

school use, it can be adapted for other establishments with more training. (Jimeno, Briz,

Artiaga, Angelia & Limsangan, 2021)

ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

This system employs an Automatic Waste Segregator (AWS) to classify waste

into plastic, metallic, and paper categories, thereby improving waste management

effectiveness. By replacing hazardous landfill dumping with a sustainable approach, this

system enables greater potential for waste recovery, recycling, and reusability. (VJ, A.,

Balakrishnan, K., Rosmi, T. B., Krishna, K. S., Sreejith, S., & Subha, T. D., 2016)

Automated waste segregation technology uses three bins for plastic, metal, and

paper waste. Incoming waste is classified by sensors connected to a conveyor belt system

and directed to the appropriate bin using servo motors. The system efficiently segregates

waste with minimal human intervention. It is powered by an Arduino UNO

microcontroller, and the sensors are programmed in Embedded C. (Agarwal, C., Yewale,

B., & Jagadish, C., 2020)

The Smart bin has three compartments for plastic, metal, and paper waste. It

automatically segregates garbage using ultrasound sensors for hands-free operation.This

waste disposal system facilitates separating recyclable and non-recyclable materials,

ultimately optimizing waste management.. (Pereira, W., Parulekar, S., Phaltankar, S., &

Kamble, V., 2019)

A smart dustbin automates waste disposal, saving time and effort. It relies on a

microcontroller, sensors, a motor, an LCD, and a modem. When it is full, the

microcontroller sends a message to a preset amount and displays the waste status on the

LCD. The smart dustbin enhances waste management efficiency by reducing manual

checks, trips, and costs. Finally, it contributes to a cleaner environment and a more

efficient waste collection system. (Afolalu et al., 2021)

ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

Materials and Methods

This chapter contains the research design, flow chart of the methodology

procedures, materials, and methods needed to conduct this research study.

Research Design

In this research experiment, the proponents used the experimental method by

utilizing a single prototype as their primary testing tool. This prototype was designed to

be a preliminary version of a more advanced model that the researchers plan to develop

in the future.

Bins/Containers hold the items that users drop into the segregator. The color

segregator structure is the body of the automatic color segregator, it houses all the

motors, servers, and the Arduino. It includes the tube, circular platform, and power

supply housing. Arduino Nano serves as the main microcontroller to control and

coordinate all the components in the color segregator. It runs the program (code) that

handles the sensor data, color identification, and rotation of the base.

Servo Motors are used to rotate the base of the cylindrical bin. They allow the

bin's circular platform to be aligned with the appropriate compartment, ensuring the item

is directed correctly. Ultrasonic Sensors are used to detect the presence and distance of

items in the bin. They help determine when an object is dropped into the segregator and

provide data for color identification. Color Sensor detects the color of the item. It can be

used to differentiate between items with distinct colors. Printed circuit board and Jumper

Wires are used to create connections between electronic components during prototyping
ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

and testing. Power Supply provides the electrical power needed to operate the Arduino

board, sensors, and motors.

This part includes the different tools used and their main functions. The first

material is the bin which is the base of the segregator. The next are the motors, which

handle the movement. Sensors such as Ultrasonic and Color sensors detect the type of

items to be dropped. Arduino is the microcontroller of the whole color segregator. The

power supply is the main power source of the prototype.

We've gathered a variety of necessary materials in preparation for our project,

each with its corresponding quantity and unit cost. We purchased three containers for Php

50 each. A 4ft by 2.1ft Sintra board was secured for the structure's stability at a cost of

Php 840. We purchased an Arduino Nano (Php 349) as the main microcontroller to

control and coordinate all the components, an Ultrasonic sensor (Php 50) for precise

distance measurements, and a Color sensor (Php 799) for color identification. We have a

printed circuit board (Php 24) and three sets of Jumper Wires (Php 65) to help with

electrical connections. Two Servo Motors (Php 250 each) were purchased for controlled

motion, and a power supply unit (Php 499) was purchased to ensure continuous operation

This part includes the different materials used. The quantity needed and the cost

are also stated in the table. The material used in this study: Base, circular platform,

Arduino Nano, ultrasonic sensors, color sensors, printed circuit board and jumper wires,

servo motors, and power supply.

ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

Creating the Testing if the

Collection of Color
Color
materials that Segregators
Segregator
are needed do not have
Prototype and
programming any errors. If it
all the robotic has any,
components debugging will
be made to fix
it

Figure 1: Flowchart of the Methodology

The flowchart shows the procedure of our experimentation. It shows the sequence

of how the researchers made the prototype starting from the gathering of the materials

used, to testing the color segregator.

Procedures

Phase I Gather Materials and Components

Collect all the required materials and components for the project. These include
an Arduino Nano board, ultrasonic sensor, two servo motors, a color sensor, jumper
wires, a printed circuit board, a power supply, and a prototype.

Phase II Setup Arduino Environment

Begin by installing the Arduino IDE on your computer. This software will allow
you to program and control the Arduino Nano board. Connect the Arduino board to your
computer using a USB cable. Next, ensure you have the necessary libraries installed in
the Arduino IDE. These libraries are essential for properly interfacing with the ultrasonic
sensor, servo motors, and color sensor.
ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

Phase III Testing of Components and Materials

To ensure optimal performance of the automatic color segregator, comprehensive

testing of components and materials will be conducted. The ultrasonic sensor will be
tested for accurate distance measurements. Servo motors will be tested for smooth
movement across angles, and the color sensor's color detection abilities will be assessed
using various objects. Power stability will be ensured by connecting and testing the
chosen power supply.

Phase IV Designing of Color Segregator

Starting with the main base, which features a circular platform with bins that can
rotate from 0 to 180 degrees using a servo motor. Beneath the circular platform, there's a
box with a door that houses the Arduino Nano and the printed circuit board. It is
connected to the power supply from a separate compartment. Lastly, there are two tubes
in the design. One tube is connected to the power supply compartment, creating a
pathway to the Arduino board. This tube stands to support the second tube. On the other
hand, the second tube acts like a chute where objects can be dropped from the top.

Phase V Replicating the Design using Cardboard

Make a cardboard model first to avoid any errors when making the actual
structure. Before making the cardboard version, the proponents already had planned
measurements with only a few minor adjustments needed. The measurements match the
structure exactly, to avoid making changes after the structure was done.

Phase VI Making the Final Model

Creating the final model is straightforward since the cardboard prototype was
already made as a reference for comparison and replication. With a sintra board and shoe
glue, the researchers constructed the final model.
ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

Phase VII Programming

Programming the model isn't simple due to limited programming knowledge.

That's why the proponents required an expert's assistance to help us program the model.

Phase VIII Finalization and Testing

Once the programming is done, complete the model and ensure all the wirings are
properly secured for correct functioning. After the finalization, test the model to ensure
everything is working perfectly, including all sensors and motors.

Risk and Safety

Risks that are included in our research may arise during the use of materials such

as Arduino and Power Supply. These risks may have an impact on the proper functioning

of the automatic color segregator. Therefore, it is advisable to take necessary precautions

to minimize such risks. For instance, keeping any liquid substances such as mineral water

or soft drinks away from the working area is recommended to avoid any spills or

accidental damage to the equipment. Additionally, it is crucial to ensure that the

equipment is handled with care and attention to prevent any unnecessary malfunctions

that may arise. By taking these steps, you can ensure that the automatic color segregator

operates efficiently and effectively while minimizing the risks associated with its use.
ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

Results and Discussion

After developing the Arduino-based Automatic Color Segregator, we have to test

the capability of the segregator in terms of color (red, blue, green). The researchers tested

the segregator ten times to test its capability. The results are shown below (Table 1)

Table 1. Capability of the Segregator in terms of Color

Trials Red Blue Green

Trial 1 2 2 2

Trial 2 2 2 2

Trial 3 2 1 2

Trial 4 1 2 2

Trial 5 2 2 2

Trial 6 2 2 2

Trial 7 2 2 2

Trial 8 2 2 2

Trial 9 2 1 2

Trial 10 2 2 2

Legend: 2 = Detected 1 = Undetected

The result shows that Red is detected nine times out of ten trials and one out ten

trials, Red is undetected. Blue was detected eight times out of ten trials and two out ten

trials, Blue were undetected. Green is detected ten times out of ten trials. This shows that

the color red and blue can sometimes be undetected and the color green is the color that

can be easily detected by the color sensor.

ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

Table 2. Significant Difference on the Capability of the Segregator in terms of Color

Result Details

Source SS df MS F p-value Interpretation

Between- 0.2 2 0.1

treatments

1 . 38742 Not significant

Within- 2.5 27 0.0926
treatments

Error 1.8 18 0.1

*p<0.05

This table shows that the capability of the segregator in terms of color which is

red, blue, and green has no significant difference, with F-ratio value is 1, p-value is

0.38742, therefore the result is not significant at p<0.05. It means that the capability of

the segregator to segregate wastes is possible since it provides accurate results in the 10

trials tested.
ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

Conclusions and Recommendations

Several trials were concluded to see if the segregator was accurate enough to

develop into a functional prototype of the color segregator. The trials state that Blue and

Red can sometimes be undetected while Green can be easily detected. Blue was detected

in 9 out of 10 trials, it was left undetected in Trial 4. Red was also detected in 8 out of 10

trials, in which it was left undetected at Trial 3 and Trial 9. On the other hand, Green has

a probability of being always detected as it was detected in 10 out of 10 trials. There is a

good probability that Green will still result in being detected while Blue and Red might

be undetected in a lower probability.

According to Table 2, the trials provide accurate results in detecting the color of

the object dropped. The capability of the color segregator to develop into a waste

segregator is possible. We can conclude that there is an effect in the use of color

segregator for future waste management. Therefore the null hypothesis is rejected as the

alternative hypothesis is accepted due to the frequency of detection being more frequent

than being undetected.

We are discussing the capability of our waste segregator and its potential impact

on waste management. We conducted research in two locations in Santa Cruz, Laguna:

Poblacion III and Bagumbayan. In Poblacion III, we designed our experiment, and in

Bagumbayan, we focused on coding and learning about the technology. Our goal is to

implement these trash bins in public places to reduce waste and educate future

generations on effective waste management.

ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

During the study, we encountered challenges, including programming the color

waste segregator. However, by using the installed sensors, we can gather data on waste

patterns and behaviors to inform waste reduction strategies. We are excited about the

study's potential impact and hope to see more communities adopting waste segregation

practices in the future. We also believe our study will contribute to our country.

Recommendation

The following recommendations are offered to groups of people that will benefit

from the study. Waste segregation offers a wide range of groups of people that can use

the study effectively. By utilizing the automated waste segregation, we can help improve

the waste management across the country. This study will help both the society and the

environment, specifically to those who live in Sta. Cruz, Laguna. This can also help the

researchers that may use our study in the future to make the world a cleaner environment.

According to the findings, the researchers would recommend the studies to the following:

1. To the environment, this prototype may be programmed to segregate based on the

color sensor using RGB values. Machine learning is needed in order to detect

multiple types of waste

2. To waste management companies, you can use the color segregator with similar

types of waste as long as it is within the range of the color sensor.

3. To local municipalities, as soon as it develops into a fully functional segregator,

local municipalities can use this prototype to increase waste management

efficiency

4. To students, this study can be applied using color coding with the different types

of wastes
ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

5. To future researchers, this will serve as their guide in order to find related studies

about this type of study, developing a functional waste segregator from the color

segregator is ideal for future researchers to improve the study

Appendices

A. Gather Materials and Component ( August 10, 2023 )

B. Setup Arduino Environment ( August 13, 2023 )

ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

C. Testing of Components and Materials ( August 13, 2023 )

D. Designing of Waste Segregator ( August 21, 2023 )

E. Replicating the Design using Cardboard ( August 22, 2023 )

ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

F. Making the Final Model ( August 25, 2023 )

G. Programming ( August 25, 2023 )

ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

H. Finalization and Testing ( August 25, 2023 )

ARDUINO-BASED COLOR SEGREGATOR

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