Assignment

(1) Air at 105 kPa and 37° C flows upward through a 6-cm-diameter inclined duct at
a rate of 65 L/s. The duct diameter is then reduced to 4 cm through a reducer. The
pressure change across the reducer is measured by a water manometer. The
elevation difference between the two points on the pipe where the two arms of
the manometer are attached is 0.20 m. Determine the differential height between
the fluid levels of the two arms of the manometer.

Answer:
⑦
 P 105 kPa
Pair = I =

1 -
18kg/m3
RT (0 287kPa m/kg
. . .
1)(37 + 273k)

Vi =

+ =

i D
Y
? /4
=

i
0

(0
.
065m3/s=
,
06m)2/4
22 .
9 m /S

V2 =
i = 0 =
0 . 065m3/3 =
51 7
.

m/S
H2 RD2/4 in (0 04m)2/4 .

2 V?
B 22) P . -Pz=
e

+ 2, + +

Pain
=
+

subtitute :

I,
7 m/s)2-(22 9 m/s)2 1267 6 N/m2
18 kg/m3)(51
= .

.
.

P , -P2
=

(1 ,
2
miss

P, P2 N/m2
81m1s2)19m/s2)
h = -

= 1267 . 6 =
0 . 129 m
=
12 .
9 em

ong)(9 .
A
Assignment
(2) A pressurized tank of water has a 10-cm-
diameter orifice at the bottom, where water
discharges to the atmosphere. The water level is
2.5 m above the outlet. The tank air pressure
above the water level is 250 kPa (absolute) while
the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. Neglecting
frictional effects, determine the initial discharge
rate of water from the tank.

Answer:
⑥
 2 22 ↓ 2(P1-Pa)
P- 2
21 Va a re
-

B I
= =
+

2
+

2,
+

=
19
+
+

subtitute :

↓
2(250-100kPa
Nmb)) kgoms ) 5
v2 :
2(9 8/m/s23(2
=

·
+
.

1000kg/m3

=
18 .
7 mIS

M(0
j
D 10m)2) 7m/s) 147m3/s
- =

0
8
=

v
.

1
=
.

4 #
Assignment
(3) Underground water is to be pumped by a 78
percent efficient 5-kW submerged pump to a
pool whose free surface is 30 m above the
underground water level. The diameter of the
pipe is 7 cm on the intake side and 5 cm on the
discharge side. Determine
(a) the maximum flow rate of water and
(b) the pressure difference across the pump.
Assume the elevation difference between the
pump inlet and the outlet and the effect of the
kinetic energy correction factors to be negligible.

Answer:
a)
m)4 +
2 ,

xi
+

92 ,
) +

irpump =

(2 +

2 g22)
+ +
iturbine

ripump :

1 pump x
in

5kW(0 78) .

- 9kW

Emechloss =
Emech loss pumpt Emech loss , piping

↳pump : in pump-Emech loss pump

i pump :
in 922

i
imp
3 91 is
I mes i
= -
=

9 81m/5(30m(
.

in =
13 25 - k9/S

i 25 x10-3m i
a)
25kg
=
13
= m
.

2 44m/S V outlet 25 x10-3 6 74m/s

b) U inset =
=
3 .
=
13 .
=
.

4 gal
Px-Ps -

Pa (V inset-vRoutlet) + Namp
2 i

=(10003 (1 01[
.
(3 .
44) =- 16 .

74(4] (gomisn] +
25xor3()
=
277 .
54kPa
Assignment
(4) Water flows at a rate of 0.040 m3/s in a horizontal pipe whose
diameter is reduced from 15 cm to 8 cm by a reducer. If the pressure at
the centerline is measured to be 480 kPa and 440 kPa before and after
the reducer, respectively, determine the irreversible head loss in the
reducer.

- a
480kP 9

① 15cm a

440kPa18cm
wat er

Answer:
&
k 21 z i
+

2
+

+
=
+

D9

n = P ,
-
P2 +
d(V ? -
v2)
09 29

vi
= Y =
(0 , 040m3/s) =
2 .
26m/s

RDY/4 R (0 15m)2/4
.

oomsp=
va
=
7 95
. mis
/p

The ca
m

. zor -
- e
2/9 .
81)

1 11
my
= -
Assignment
(5) A 90° elbow in a horizontal pipe is used to direct water flow
upward at a rate of 40 kg/s. The diameter of the entire elbow
is 10 cm. The elbow discharges water into the atmosphere,
and thus the pressure at the exit is the local atmospheric
pressure. The elevation difference between the centers of the
exit and the inlet of the elbow is 50 cm. The weight of the
elbow and the water in it is considered to be negligible.
Determine:
(a) the gage pressure at the center of the inlet of the elbow
(b) the anchoring force needed to hold the elbow in place.

Answer:
U
 v =

m 12/4)" (1000kg/m3) 40K9IS 5 09 m/S

= =
.

(R10 1m(2/4)
.

2
B X
2
+
+
2, = + +
22 - P. -
Pr =

pg/2
-
2) -

Peage= 92 !

Pgage =

(1000kg/m3)(9 81m/52) .
(0 .

50m)/ gomss) =
4 .

905kN/ma

Fru = -

BinV-PgageA ,

=
-
1 .

03(40k9/s)(5 .
09m/s) -
(4905N/m2) (i(0 -

/m)2/4)
209 71 38 52
=
-
- .
.

= -
248 23N .

FRY= BinV
=103(4019/s)(5 .

09m/s)) miss
=
209 .
71 N

O tan-
#Y
-
=

/FEn+ FRy FRY

FR
=

-
=tan" t
-

I( - 248 23)2+(209-7172
.

325N 2
=
=
-
40
#
.

1400
=
Assignment
(6) A reducing elbow in a horizontal pipe is used to deflect water flow by
an angle 𝜃 = 45° from the flow direction while accelerating it. The elbow
discharges water into the atmosphere. The cross-sectional area of the
elbow is 150 cm2 at the inlet and 25 cm2 at the exit. The elevation
difference between the centers of the exit and the inlet is 40 cm. The
mass of the elbow and the water in it is 50 kg. Determine the anchoring
force needed to hold the elbow in place.

Answer:
w =

mg
=

(50kg)(9 8/m/52)
.
=

490 .
5N =
0 .

4905kN

vi 30Kg/S
0 m/S
=
2
=

=
.

(1000kg/m3) (0 0150m2) .

30K9 IS
v2
" 12 m/s
=
=

(1000kg/m3)(0 0025m2) .

B + Xi
29
+
2,
=
+

2 +
2 + P -
Pr
=

pg) 2- 2) +
-

Pigage =

pg/e +2)
substitute :

Pigage= (1000kg/m3(19 .

91m/s)(mean to 4) logomis) -
=

73 9 KNIm
.

FRu =
1 -

03(30kg/s)[(12cos 45 -

2))) m/s2) kg -
- (73 .

9kN/m2) (0 0150m2)
.

=
-
0 .
908

FRy
=

1 -

03(3049/s)(12sin45m/s)(gm(s2)+0-4905kN .

= 0 .

753kN
o
tan(8)
=

FR =

(70 908) .
+
(0 753)2
.

39 70
.

18kN
=

1
-
-
=