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First Term Ss2 Further Mathematics 1

This document outlines the scheme of work for the first term of a Further Mathematics class in SS2. It covers topics like quadratic equations, polynomials, cubics, trigonometry, and more over 11 weeks. Specifically, week 1 focuses on finding quadratic equations given the sum and product of roots, conditions for equal, real or no roots. It provides examples of finding the sum and product of roots, and forming the quadratic equation from given roots.

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stefala2005
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803 views3 pages

First Term Ss2 Further Mathematics 1

This document outlines the scheme of work for the first term of a Further Mathematics class in SS2. It covers topics like quadratic equations, polynomials, cubics, trigonometry, and more over 11 weeks. Specifically, week 1 focuses on finding quadratic equations given the sum and product of roots, conditions for equal, real or no roots. It provides examples of finding the sum and product of roots, and forming the quadratic equation from given roots.

Uploaded by

stefala2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIRST TERM E –LEARNING NOTE

SUBJECT: FURTHER MATHEMATICS CLASS: SS2

FIRST TERM SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC

1 Finding quadratic equation with given sum and product of roots, conditions for
equal roots, real roots and no root
2 Tangents and Normals to Curves
3 Polynomials ;definition, basic operations + , x , - , ;--
4 Polynomials ( Continued) factorization
5 Cubic Equation , roots of cubic equations
6 Review and Test
7 Logical Reasoning ; fundamental issues and definitions and theorem proving
8 Trigonometric Function , six trig functions of angles of any magnitude ( sine,
cosine,tangent,secant, cosecant, cotangent)
9 Relationship between graph of trigonometric ratios such as sin x and sin 2x, graphs
of y= a sin (bx) + c , y = a cos (bx) + c , y = a tan (bx) + c
10 Graphs of inverse by ratio and equation of simpletrgonometric identities
11 Revision

REFERENCES
 Further Mathematics Project 1 by TuttuhAdegun
 Further Mathematics Project 2 by TuttuhAdegun
 Additional Mathematics by Godman

1STTERM/FURTHER MATHEMATICS/SS2 Page 1


WEEK 1
TOPIC: SOLUTION TO QUADRATIC EQUATION
FINDING QUADRATIC EQUATION GIVEN SUM AND PRODUCT OF ROOTS CONDITION
FOR EQUAL ROOTS, REAL ROOTS AND NO ROOT

We recall that if ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, a and c are constants such that a ≠ 0, then,
−𝑏+√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
x = or x =
2𝑎 2𝑎

Suppose we represent these distinct roots by α and β; thus:


−𝑏+√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
α= 2𝑎
and
−𝑏−√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
β
2𝑎

We may also put D = b2 – 4ac, so that


−𝑏+√𝐷
α= 2𝑎
−𝑏−√𝐷
β= 2𝑎

Sum of roots
(−𝑏+√𝐷) (−𝑏−√𝐷)
α+β= 2𝑎
+ 2𝑎
−2
=
2𝑏

−𝑏
= 𝑎
Products of roots
(−𝑏+√𝐷) (−𝑏−√𝐷)
αβ = 2𝑎 𝑋 2𝑎
˸αβ = b2 – D
4a2
= b2 – (b2 – 4ac)
4a2
= 4ac
4a2
𝑐
=
𝑎
−𝑏
Hence, if ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are constants andα≠ 0 then α + β= ,
𝑎
𝑐
αβ = 𝑎 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 5.3 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑓
x2 + x– 42 = 0
then (x – 6) (x – 7) = 0

Hence the roots of the equation are 6 and -7. In general, if a quadratic equation
factorizes into
(x – α) (x - β) = 0
then α and β must be the roots of that equation.

The general quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 can also be written as:


𝑏𝑥 𝑐
x2 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 = 0 …(1)

If the roots of the equation are α and β then the above equation can be written as:
(x –α) (x – β) = 0
x2 – (α – β) x + αβ = 0 ---(2
By comparing coefficients in equations (1) and (2)
𝑏
-(α + β) = 𝑎

1STTERM/FURTHER MATHEMATICS/SS2 Page 2


−𝑏
:α+β= 𝑎
𝑐
andαβ =
𝑑
The above consideration gives rise to two problems:
(a) Given a quadratic equation, we can find the sum and product of the roots.
(b) Given the roots, we can formulate the corresponding quadratic equation.
The quadratic equation whose roots are α and β is
x2 – (α + β) x + α β = 0

Find the sum and product of the roots of each of the following quadratic equations:
(a) 2x2 + 3x – 1 = 0
(b) 3x2 – 5x – 2 = 0
(c) x2 – 4x – 3 = 0
(d) ½ x2 – 3x – 1 = 0

Solution
(a) 2x2 + 3x – 1 = 0
a = 2; b = 3; c = -1
Let α and β be the roots of the equation, then
−𝑏 −3
α + β= =
𝑎 2
𝑐 −1
αβ= =
𝑎 2
(b) 3x2 – 5x – 2 = 0
a = 3; b = -5; c = -2
Let α and β be the root of the equation, then
−𝑏 5
α+β= 𝑎 = 3
𝑐 −2
αβ= =
𝑎 3
(c) x2 – 4x – 3 = 0
a = 1; b = 4; c = -3
Let α and β be the root of the equation, then
−𝑏 4
α+β= 𝑎 = 1
𝑐
αβ= 𝑎
= −3
(d) ½ – 3x – 1 = 0
x2
a = ½, b = -3, c = -1
Let α and β be the root of the equation, then
−𝑏 (3)
α+β= = 1 =6
𝑎
2
𝑐 −1
αβ= = 1 = -2
𝑎
2

Find the quadratic equation whose roots are:


(a) 3 and -2 (b) ½ and 5
(c) -1 and 8 (d)¾ and ½

Solution
The quadratic equation whose roots are…

1STTERM/FURTHER MATHEMATICS/SS2 Page 3

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