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Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction

The World Health Organization stressed that environmental

accountabilities and appropriate disposal methods are important to every member

of the community. Improper disposal of wastes will result in human and

environmental hazards (WHO, 2011). Health care facilities primarily serve as

prevention and recovery of illnesses. Therefore, the role of health care

professionals is to promote the proper training of waste management to support a

healthy life and environment. Health Care Waste Management (HCWM) is a major

challenge for health facilities where people are exposed to hazards due to poor

waste handling. The best waste management training is to prevent and minimize

waste segregation (Jang et al., 2006). In Pradhan's study (2008), the current solid

waste management system in a municipality in India is not sustainable. However,

studies have shown that people in Darjeeling have acted on the development of a

sustainable system. In the Philippines, environmental degradation caused by man-

made work has pushed lawmakers back to law to prevent these injuries.

This study is a descriptive evaluative survey that determines solid waste

management and disposal methods in Buraguis, Legazpi, City. The environment

in the Philippines has reached critical proportions in relation to solid waste

management requiring immediate and collective action from all sectors of the

government. The enactment of RA 9003, known as the Ecological Solid Waste

Management (ESWM) Act of 2000, provides an Ecological Solid Waste

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Management Program that creates the necessary institutional mechanisms and

incentives, which expresses certain acts that are prohibited and provide penalties,

other purposes. Many people are doing proper waste segregation, to reduce

garbage disposal. As a concerned citizen of this community, it is necessary to

identify the practices of managing solid waste that are harmful, we should think of

a solution to how to properly garbage disposal and to observe the good cleanliness

in our barangay.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to monitor the proper way of garbage

separation to have a clean and waste community and observe garbage disposal

collectors in the community.

Especially it will look for answers to the following questions:

1. What is the schedule of waste collection in Barangay Buraguis?

2. What are the practices of Barangay Buraguis in Proper Waste

Disposal?

3. What are the problems encountered by Eco – Aids in collecting and

segregating waste?

4. What are the recommended suggestions to address the problem?

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Scope of Delimitation

The coverage of this study is to observe the cooperation of the Eco-aides

in collecting the wastes of brgy. Buraguis. This study shall serve as a guide in order

to properly make use of the practices that the barangay uses in collecting their

waste. This process of treating solid wastes and offers variety of solutions for

recycling items that don't belong to trash. It is about how garbage can be used as

a valuable resource.

However, this study is delimited to observing the practices of the Eco-

aides in segregating waste which can serve as a reference for the other

communities. The respondents of the study shall include ten (10) respondents to

evaluate the practices of the waste-management procedures of Barangay

Buraguis.

Significance of the Study

The outcome of the study is necessary to improve community

conditions and to reduce waste to a clean community. It will benefit from the

following:

Community. It will serve as a guide to participate in the garbage

segregation program without order to have a clean community.

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Department of Health (DOH). It will serve as a guide for their

advocacy to participate in garbage segregation.

Students. It will increase their awareness of garbage segregation and

train how to be properly isolated.

Future Researchers. This will serve as a relevant study in their

research.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter is a review presentation and related and study that is directly

related to the study of research. It also includes discussion of the conceptual

framework, and most are the definitions of the terms.

Related Literature

The National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) has

gathered experts and practitioners to document the status of compliance with local

government units' law and to diagnose issues and barriers affecting its

implementation. With support from Solid Waste Management for Local

Government Units (SWM4LGUs) Project implemented by AHT GROUP AG on

behalf of the German International Cooperation Agency (GIZ), NSWMC has

developed the National Solid Waste Management Strategy for 2012 up to 2016.

The strategy consists of ten (10) components, such as: Policies on policies and

order policies, Capacity development, marketing and promotion, Sustainable

financing, Creation of opportunities economy, knowledge management of

technologies and innovation, organizational development and improvement of

cooperation between agencies, compliance monitoring, implementation and

recognition, good governance, care for vulnerable groups, and reduction of risks

and changes in the climate.

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Carlo M. P., Sheena P., Abu, M.D.P., Arago, M.G. C., Alyssa M.C. G.,

(2014) they said that in terms of: strategies for collecting, disposing and recovering

and processing waste materials; identified problems encountered with waste

wasting practices have tried significant differences in the LPU-B Waste

Management Standards and finally, have proposed an action plan that will improve

Waste Management Tasks of LPU-B. Descriptive research is also known as

statistical research that describes data and characteristics about what skills, level

of effectiveness and recovery and processing. They have determined that LPU-B

waste management practices are effective in terms of collecting, not requiring,

retrieval and processing that the respondents see. Problems in particular have

occurred that waste disposal sites are not properly located. Moreover, the method

of recovery and reuse of such waste is not strictly enforced.

Pires A, Martinho G, Chang NB. (2010) They said that solid waste

management systems in Europe involve complex and multi-faceted trade-offs in

many technological alternatives, economic instruments, and regulatory

frameworks. These changes resulted in various environmental, economic, social,

and regulatory aspects of waste management practices that are not only

complicated in regional policy analysis, but also the reorganization of reflection of

global sustainable development. System analysis, a discipline that matches

aggregate solid waste management strategies, provides exceptional

interdisciplinary support for decision-making in this area. System engineering

models and systems analysis tools, both enriching the analytical waste

management framework, are specifically designed to handle specific types of

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problems. Although how the barriers to achieving appropriate systems of

integration and integration of these models and tools to help solid waste

management schemes prevailing in European countries remain somewhat

uncertain. This paper conducts a thorough analysis of the literature of models and

tools explaining the possible overlapping limits on waste management practices in

European countries and encompasses the pros and cons of management

practices of garbage in each member state of the European Union. Whereas the

countries of the Southern European Union (EU) need to develop additional steps

to implement more solid waste management and reach EU directives, EU Central

countries require models and tools to carry out their technological choices and

management strategies. However, considering model models of models and tools

in a synergistic way will certainly have the opportunity to develop better solid waste

management strategies that lead to compliance with current standards and hope

for future perspectives for both the garbage management industry and government

agencies in the European Union.

Günay K., (1996) He stated that the proper management of solid waste is

still a serious problem all over the world and especially in poor countries. Growing

populations, rising living standards and living styles, industrialization, and

production and consumption of new products act in concert to generate more and

more solid solid waste, and this creates a serious problem in their management

and proper disposal. Having a sense of the implications of problems of improper

administration and disposal, developed countries have established their regulatory

programs. But the continued development of countries continues to manage solid

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waste what can be described as primitive methods such as throwing in open and

unregulated dumps. , in addition, in the interest of environmental protection and

quality of life, and for the promotion of sustainable development, it is important for

those developing economies to develop their national rules for managing solid

waste as a priority item, including recycling and / or recovery programs and quality

inventory analysis and quantity of solid waste.

Jerry A. N., (2015) He stated that he collecting, treating, and disposing of

solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer

useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary

conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment

and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and

insects. The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical

challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social

problems that must be managed and solved.

Timo V., (2011) He said waste was generated during production and use of

materials and products. All materials placed in the market will be garbage in one

way or another. Municipal waste volumes have risen over the years almost

everywhere in the world. Increased recycling and recycling of garbage and waste

from the landfill have an important role in dealing with the environmental impact of

increasing waste volumes. To achieve this task, it is necessary to gather the

opinions of residents of waste and recycling.

Freduah G., (2016) He said that two broad types of data, secondary and

basic data were used in the study. Also used interviews and personal observations
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to collect some of the data. Determine the factors that prevent the effective and

efficient management of solid waste. People's wrong attitudes and views about

hygiene issues have contributed to Nima's waste management problems. Most

households do not study their members for the need to clean their environment. A

larger percentage of households do not have a bathroom facility. Almost everyone

depends on the facilities of the Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA) for the

disposal of their household refuse. Solid waste management problems are partly

the results of AMA's inability to cope with the situation due to lack of equipment

and personnel. In addition, the lack of proper incentives for AMA employees

working in Nima briefly explained the problem. It is recommended that more

education should be provided by the AMA to hear people in the need to keep the

environment clean.

Ana Maria, L., G., (2017) He said this research is based on the concept of

Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) planning. ISWM was developed to

promote waste management maintenance for developing countries. Waste

management and policy makers in developing countries have adopted the

principles of ISWM in their prevention strategies for decades. But despite their

efforts, significant problems remain, such as the case of low coverage of collection,

lack of proper treatment of various types of waste, high dependency on late

disposal sites and even on Some cities without drowning control are still welcomed

as the only way to handle waste. For that reason, waste management in

developing countries must adopt new vision of oversight and implement new

technical solutions to provide a more sustainable and effective service. To do so,

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governments, garbage managers, policy makers need to focus on all their efforts

in making great decisions when planning or improving their prevention strategies.

Faith Ogechukwu O., Loyce O., Carol E., (2015) They declare that the

uninspiring garbage disposal of students constitutes one of the major disciplinary

problems that hinder the prospects of the philosophy of education. This paper

deals with the disposal of trash students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Amidst

major disciplinary problems in tertiary institutions in the solid and liquid waste of

Nigeria constitute long-term problems in both school management and students.

Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The population is

composed of all fourth-year students (2746) in thirteen faculties of Nnamdi Azikiwe

University, Awka, except Agriculture teachers who had only second-year students

as in 2013 / 2014 academic session. The sample is 819 drawn randomly using

30% of the students' population per teacher. The instrument for collecting data is

a questionnaire of 20 items. Instrument reliability is determined using the Cronbach

Alpha method of 0.85, which is considered sufficient.

Related Studies

For more understanding of the study, the researchers used different

reading-related materials in the study. These materials are like books, magazines,

newspapers, thesis and other web articles on expanding knowledge of researchers

to achieve their targeting goals by getting ideas to other related study and make

improvements as possible. The information gathered by researchers is focused on

this study.
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Antonia Corinthia C. N., Mario Tuscan N. N., (2006) Studying about the

treatment of solid waste is a top priority among countries across Southeast Asia.

Economic growth and population growth, especially in the mega-cities of the

region, have become much more challenging. It's really true in the Philippines,

where the heritage of dangerous open dump sites like 'Smokey Mountain' keeps

the issue on the political agenda high. This study looks at how municipal

governments in one of the provinces of the Philippines must arrange solid waste

management plans to meet rigorous new national targets. It recommends local

user charge charges for its waste disposal and disposal services and recommends

a level of service that will show people's preferences, However, even at this level

of charge, the study warns in a funding sphere and states that the local government

may transfer up to 25% of its development fund to pay it.

Bernardo EC., (2008) He studied about the experiences and skills of waste

management in people's homes in a village in Manila, Philippines. Data is collected

through an interview with members of the household using open-ended questions.

Interviews are also conducted on garbage collectors and scavengers. Results

showed that households generated an average 3.2 kg of solid waste per day, or

0.50 kg / capita / day. The types of garbage commonly formed are food / kitchen

waste, papers, PET bottles, metals, and cans, boxes / cartons, glass bottles,

cellophane / plastics, and yard grounds / garden. Respondents will separate their

garbage from PET bottles, glass bottles, and other waste (mixed waste).

Composting does not work. However, it is noticed that the burning of garbage is

not done by the respondents. Families rely on government waste collection.

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Collecting is done twice daily, except Sundays, and household members will bring

their garbage when the garbage truck arrives. However, there are those who throw

their garbage at the unspecified points of pick-up, usually in a corner of the street.

Dumped trash becomes a breeding ground for organisms that cause pain. Some

household respondents said it was possible that dumping in some areas resulted

in dengue fever experienced by some members of their family. Mothers and

housewives are responsible for managing household waste. Scavenger usually

finds recyclable items in dumped trash. All of these say they are their only source

of income, which is generally not enough for their food. They also know that their

work affects their health. Most respondents said that collecting garbage and

disposal is the responsibility of the government. The results of the study showed

that RA 9003, also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000,

was not fully implemented in Metro Manila.

Romel V,. G., (2009) The study conducted in 72 barangays and 78 micro,

small, and medium enterprises / industries of three districts of Davao City in April-

July 2009, analyzes the solid waste management of the city. The main focus is the

solid waste management of Davao City by using a descriptive research method.

The results of the survey have been verified through the focus group discussions

from selected barangays. Documents from CENRO, the mayor's office of City and

City Council are reviewing. He analyzes the following remarkable results: food

manufacturing is the leading industry found in the locality; plastic, paper, food and

kitchen and trash metals are the top 5 garbage generated; less than 5 tons of

organic and inorganic wastes are generated weekly; separation / classification,

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dumpsite, composting, selling, reuse and recycling are used in treatment

disinfecting technologies; domestic wastes through City collections while

processing waste, companies have to manage disposal and barangay general

mean reliability in terms of environmental management system is significantly

better than that of the industry.

Paz BR, Mabelle VF, (2013) They studied about Managing solid waste in

the Philippines has long been the responsibility of Local Government Governments

in the country since the adoption of the Republic Act 9003 also known as the 2002

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act. In support of the local the government

of Batangas City, this study is being conducted to propose an action plan that will

improve the level of solid waste management in the city, reduce the harmful effects

on the environment and health of the people and find out solutions to problems

encountered in its implementation. Using a descriptive method of investigation of

204 respondents taken by a stylish sampling from selected 69 barangays.

Pao O., (2011) He studied about garbage management has been a major

problem in the Philippines over the past decades. His research provides

overviewed waste management and recycling in the Philippines and government

responses to address various problems caused by improper waste management.

It examines the policies governing waste management from 1938 to 2001,

including the latest and perhaps the most comprehensive solid waste management

policy in the country, the Republic Republic Act 9003 (RA 9003). It demonstrates

the issues with the implementation of these policies, the status of local government

compliance, and recent initiatives and activities to promote proper waste

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management and recycling. With the experience of selecting case studies, it

describes the potential and benefits of recycling both in response to waste

management problems and mitigation of poverty. This paper concludes that the

use of good governance through the participation of various stakeholders, strong

awareness campaigns, and advancement and replication of modern and

appropriate technologies are required to achieve waste management sound and

sustainable recycling industry.

Eric O. T., (2004) He studied the Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological Solid

Waste Management Act adopted to provide a framework for managing the growing

problem of solid waste in the country. Furthermore, the Republic Republic Act 9003

provides the greatest importance to LGU's roles in managing their solid waste. A

total of 91 cities or about 85% of 107 city centers comprise of their 10 generates

their 10-year SWMPs. This number, year SWMPs. In this number, only 67 cities

formulate quality SWMPs in accordance with the minimum requirements of RA

9003. The other 25 cities demonstrated a high level of performance for the

implementation of quality levels for the development of SWMP quality. Additionally,

the remaining 15 cities are within and below the benchmark capacity level in

preparing their respective TKMPs.

Jessie T., (2009) He was engaged to study the impact and extent of the

implementation of SWM's national policy in the Philippines. The focal areas studied

are the initiatives of local governments in the country and the strategies / measures

they have adopted in addressing solid waste issues related to national policy. This

study also examines challenges and success factors for implementation. The study
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also recommends areas for further study to improve regulatory and replication

strategies. Case studies were selected after a discussion with the Secretariat of

the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC), which monitors the

compliance of local governments in RA 9003 and selects a model of local

governments that demonstrate good performance.

Conceptual and Theoretical Framework

Research focuses on disciplinary action while managing solid waste

management. This study will follow the disciplinary actions of representatives if

they violate RA.9003 Solid Waste Management law, this will be effective if they

play solid waste management. To do this, we need to conduct a survey of selected

representatives to determine the population in producing solid waste management.

The data obtained from the observation behavior are evaluated to determine the

importance of time and most of all populations. Budget mismanagement has a

serious environmental impact that makes the passage of the Republic Act (RA)

9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 an important

environmental law in the Philippines. The law was made in response to emerging

waste problems in the country.

RA 9003 states the state policy on the adoption of a systematic,

comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program that ensures

public and environmental health and the proper segregation, collection,

transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste by formulation and

adoption of the best environmental practices. Additionally, it describes the potential

and recycling benefits not only in addressing waste management problems but
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also in mitigating poverty. The "Waste Management Theory", represents a deeper

domain account and contains imaginary waste studies, waste activity, and a

holistic view of waste management purposes. Waste Management is established

with the expectation that waste management is to prevent waste that damages

human health and the environment. The proper definition of waste is very important

in building a sustainable waste management agenda. This is largely the case that

the current law is attending the existing waste. The definitions emerging from this

condition may, however, conflict with the purpose of garbage prevention, because

something that exists cannot be prevented from arising. When the material is

designated in the 'waste' label, it is considered to be such; therefore, in spite of the

explicit desire to avoid garbage, without implication, the law is important to store

garbage. The natural philosophical implications of such definitions are that they do

not facilitate a sustainable waste management system. Therefore, new, dynamic

definitions for waste and waste management should be sought, which may explain

why garbage is created and may offer a real solution to the problem.\
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The Solid Waste

Management Theory
It is necessary Recylcling Guide
All the activities and actions
required to manage garbage to implement These include other items such
from the beginning at its final the "Waste as collecting, transporting,
disposal. This includes proper Segregation treating and disposing of
segregation, recycling, and Process" garbage along with monitoring
implementation of the policy and regulation.
"No Segregation, No
Collection".

To prevent
pollution in
the
community

To have a clean free

community. and to reduce
disposal.

Proper way to
dispose of waste and
use 3R strategy.

Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm

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Progress
Solid Waste
• Economic Growth Generation
• Population Growth

Pollution and
Degradation in
the
Environment

Proper management
of waste

• Legal Structure Waste Seperation

• Awareness Rising Recycling
• Attitude Change Composting
• Synergy between
authorities and community

Environmental
Preservation

Economic
Social Environmental
development
Development Development

Supportable development

Figure 2. Conceptual Paradigm

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Definition of Terms

The following words are defined conceptually and operationally for better

understanding of the study rules

Phenomenological.is a qualitative research method that is used to

describe how human beings experience a certain phenomenon. A

phenomenological study attempts to set aside biases and preconceived

assumptions about human experiences, feelings, and responses to a particular

situation.

Solid Waste Management. refers to the supervision of handling waste

materials from generation to generation through recovery processes to dispose of.

This includes other items collecting, transporting, treating and disposing of waste

with monitoring and regulation. It also covers the legal and regulatory framework

related to waste management covering recycling guidance.

Disposal. the action or process of throwing or getting something.

Environment. the environments or conditions in which a person,

animal, or plant lives or operates. The natural world, in whole or in a particular

geographical area, especially as affected by human activity. It includes physical,

chemical and other natural forces. Living things live in their environment. They are

constantly in touch with them and change in response to their environmental

conditions. In the environment there are interactions between animals, plants,

land, water, and other living and non-living things.

Recycle. Convert (waste) to the available material, return (material) to a

previous stage in a circular process, reuse.

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Social Development. is about putting people in the middle of

development. This means that it is a promise that development processes are

needed to benefit people, especially but not only the poor, but also the recognition

of the people, and the way they interact with groups and society, and the standards

that facilitate such engagement.