Estimation & Costin; 49.4 Methods of Estimation of Building Works ‘The estimation of the quantities of various items of a ‘ulding such as east work in excavation, cnerte in ous dation bick werk in foundation and plinth, brick work in ‘per structure ee, nay be made by the following methods: 1 Centre ine method 2 Long and her wall method. 1. Centre tine method. In this method, the entre line eof walls in bling i mailed by Ue breadth and doth ofthe reapectve Hem ta get the total quantity of tse item, In eae of partition or veranda wal oning with the tnaln wall the entre line i reduce by half the Breadth tft layer of he main wal at the same level, ‘Suitability. This method i especially ested or eetinating the cela hexagonal, xtagonal, et, shaped bulding. 2, Long and short wall method. In this method, the Tonger walls are generally tested as log walls nd the thorter or partition walle ge short walls. The long walls ar asured outirous Le. cenre to care length and half ‘rection on one side snd half pojetion os the oor side "Tw abore wall are messed in-todn Le contre to centre Tem minus bal prjeton one side and hal projection on thoothersid, ‘Suitability. This method is mostly used izespective of ‘arable etna wall 1022 Detaled Specifications for Plastering in Cement Mortar 1:8 and 20 mm Thick over Brick Walls In Super- WPS. Ciel Sevees Bsa, 1996) Solution. Detailed specifications specify the qualities, ‘quantities and proportions of materials, andthe mothod of Preporetion and exeution fr apatculae item of works a Prove, in the same order of sequence, a2 Uhe work Iso be ‘arid ot. Detaled specifications far plastering in coment mortar ‘and 20m thick ovr rick walle structure, are a) Motels Te cement shall be fresh Portland cement sespetilad and sand shale of meam qual clean, roe ftom organic matter or aate. Water shall be of standard {by Thickness Cement plaster shall be 20m thick {e) Sealing. Single sefading shall be provided. The horizontal scaffolding ple sal retin hole provided inthe onder course forte purpoe, Suchbolesforseullding shall, Tbowever not be allowel in pillars lees than one metre ‘with The hols left in measuring work fo ean es eal be filled prover before plastering. ‘Gd Preparation to mrt. The material Le. coment sand in proportion 1: hal bea fret mined dy thoroug {al andr cur fe otain. Next, che material shall tna wet by adding water slay to cbtln a uniform pas ‘The mortar halle prepared ot a ime scan be used wil SD mioutes (before intial sting Ue of tho coment. (chPreperationefsurece, The surface of thbrick wall shall be rushed, leaned, mashed, watered and kept wet Wilh ‘ater baer plastering I) Laying, Th plaster hall be started from the top and vwoed tomar the ground, The whole surface shall bo made ‘Bush wih woen straightedge and eubbed thoroughly with tween flats to ensure an even surface All he corer {iheer, angen and jmtione shall be tuly vertical and ‘ortontel ath cace maybe andahal be caefliy and nelly finished, Rounding of crore if desire, shall be carried out in one ieetin, {@) Curing Plasteredsurfse shal be cured ar 24 hours fort leat I days During curing pernd, shall be suitably oteted from all damagos by approved methods ‘0) Measurament,Phstering shall be measured in 9m taking width between valle or partitions before plastering i ight rm the topo oro kiting to ein (CLASSIFIED SOLYED NUMERICAL EXAMPLES. Example 19. Find out the quantities ofcarth workin excavation coment conrete (1:48) and brick masonry in ementmriar(1'8)infundaton and plinth ofareom whose ee . ge rE eel Fetapesrion ano cosing and section of walls are shawn i Fig. 181 By using Ircline math dd ut tout and in to me [By centre line method. Dente ne lng Fong wal “700 (018 + 0.18)= 67m Sentra esr wail (013.015) =4.7m = oat brick e250 per com. labour icone af R.19 per 2: By out-o-out and intorin method. eo per day. Prepare in tabiar form arate analysts rot. ine for other necenary deta a your diaeeion. aloe [is [oa] |] ample 19. For pra tum bic ballet of 40min st] gouge rom ver ura bricks one wes 1 cum of ver burmt || trict an #abow dye ar omignae for 3m? of bala. rpemeeT= TT? Pm lee PSC Coa Sere sam, 19897 “ee rE | | ont rate ay Psst | ine sues fe | om | ‘Bxample 19. An equipment used in construction activity cout 10,000 fret purehase. The average annual expe “tare heen for OME retina tbe ft, 9000 forthe nest ‘tree ears for whic funds nua be procured tthe binning |) creoch yer the end of he third yar it ean Be crapped Thon vale of 10,0001) he acceptable rate of return 1m per onan what should be the annual incore by his Imeckine as eckaned at thend feo yeu? (PSC. Buginering Serves Roam, 1990)Solution. ‘The capitalised cot ofthe equipment Rs 400 Rs 8000 = 48¢00 00 ‘etx be the aul income from the machine. J ‘tthe ed of ist year (48000 «118 =), or tthe ead ofthe sted year 1853650) « 9000) 118 1 S7o182.8 180 = 761525 - 215 “a At the endo the third year 178152.5~ 2.150 + 90001» 1.18 96776-98-247256 io ‘The amount caluleted tthe end of Sr year shouldbe sual othe scrapped value and the annual inteme Ce 86775. 2.4736 ~s +1000, oe Bini = #677538 = 24080 8 ‘The annual income = Re. 249899 Ans. [SNOPESES AN CONVENTIONAL24 Estimating and Costing ‘241. The mot rable oat ie ic) Detaled estimate (b)Prliinary extinate (C)Plintharenertimate ad) Coe rata etimate (©) None of these. 24.2 Pick pth tom of work no inl inthe plinth area i) Wall thickness (c} Verandah area (@) Courtyard ares. 263. Due to change in price level, a revised eatimato is ropared ithe eaneoned sinus cxceods Ga08 ase (408 ason, 24. The main factor to be considered while preparing a (a) Quantity ofthe materials (Availablity of materi (ey Transportation of materials (a) Laction of so nd oa! labour charges (ep All the above. 124.5, Pick up the crac statement ro the following (a) Tho iedental expenses of « miscllanonus character trhich cold not be predictod daring preperation ofthe ‘imate ontngensee (@) Additonal supervning sa engaged at work s,s Callod work charged etablishment (6) Detaled opeiention pei qualities, quantities and (a) Tho est por uit a which the artic can be procure, ffm the open market tn ven ine, ello nek (e)Allehe above. 246, Forth construction ofbildings, the wabads ofthe (a) Earthwork, Conereto work, Brik work (©) Brew, Stone work, Roofing {c) Brickwork Floring, Wood work, Steal work (dy Plarerng or pointing. Saishing, water supply and sanitary work (Allee above. 1267. Pek up the incorrect statement from the following a) The buleupeovred area at the for level ofanyearey fa balding ealod plinth arco (@) Room area law. area (by The ule coved are ofthe rooms of ay storey ofa Tnldingiealled carpet area (e) The carpet area of «bling slong with area of ts ‘stcthon panty stare lavatory, all oom and glared ‘oranda elle Moor aren (ayNone of thee. 128, The plinth area ca uiling cues ic) aren ofthe walle atthe or level (by aon of oti cove (enteral safe fr sanitary ntallations upto sq.m (ait end wall incaing landing (e)areaofcanevered prc. 24.9. Carpet area dou ot neue the ara of a) the walle slang with dors and other openings (b) veranda, cordr and passage (e)bath oom and lvatry (@)kteben and pantry (All he above 14.10. The flor are includes the are of the baeaay ap 2 in 100% ‘oT 508 (258. 24.1. Pick up the corms ttement fom the following a) Theestimnted wale ofthe work excluding the aout forcontigencen work charged establishment, ol and lata, ie ealedork value Tncuding incenta, etabahmeat and teaveling charge, calle actual vet. (6) The formal ssorptace by the administrative depart: nent frincuriganexpenditare onthe work, called ininreaive approval (a The onder of « competent authority sanctioning 0 Properly detail eatinate of the cont of 8 work af fnsiretien oops scald echnical sation (e) All he above. 24.12, While eatimatig the quaitin fr the castration of ‘balling, the coreet metric units "a) Mee fr length. {by Cabie metre for area {@Square metres volume (id) Klgram fr weight (a) Lite fr capacity All the above 2413, Acording to Indian Standards Instat, che actual Seofinodalar bricks Tehddemx 12 Sem 750m (b)25em 18 em»7.5 em (idea demxden Gd) em !0emx10 em.24.14. The ardrof ooking dsensons a) Length, raat, height” 1) Brendth length eight (6) Height, breathe (f} Nove of hee 24.18. Me rate of payment is made fr 100 eum (pr % 0) Rock euting (¢) Excavation in enchs fr foundation (a) Bare work fling he plinth (ealtthe above. 24.6.The brick work isnot mearored in cum in ese of (a) One or more than one brick wall, (@) Brisk work ia arches (o) Renfored rck work (Hale brick wall, 24.17. The brickwork is measured na metre in ese of (2) Brick Oat ing (e)Halfvik walls the partition (@)All the above. 24.18. The measurements made in square metro incase RCC strate (6 Hollow ane blak wall (@ Concrete fencing posts ©) None of thee 24.19. Themeasurement isnot made in square metresincase a {@) DEC. amp prot course) Form works (6) Conrete date (RC: Chai 2420, The measurement is mie for stove work in quare twin exc of “e) Wal ocng (e) Baling work (0a) and the above, 2421. The unit of measurement it pr quinta forthe allow "a) Collapsible gate wth rails (@)Rolingshatore (e) Expanded metal wice netting (MB reinforooment of REC. works, 24.22. The area ie measured correct tothe nearest (0) Columas, ntl, copings (a) Dressed tone in Chl ih ot sae “@) 002 saan (008.em (e001 som 24,28. The volumes ensured correct othe nearest (@)0at cam ib) 0.02 cam (21003 eum (a)0.0¢ eum 24.24. The weight of an tem ie monsred correct to nearet “ay0s ie (075 ke Oke ‘oh050 kg a) .00 ke 24.25, Pick up the covet statement rom the fellowing (a) Bricks are paid pr thousand (2) Coment pai or 50 bg (©)Limw ep per ginal (@) Brick sarees paid per com (@)Allthe above 24.26. Whe preparing detailed etimate (a) Dimension shouldbe measured correct o 001 m (0) Area should be measured cerrct o 0.01 am (©) Volume should be messed core 100.0 (Al he bore ‘24.27 Pickup the core statement regarding the centre line ‘method oferimatng a ding (a) Product ofthe centre Lie ofthe walls and area of oman of yam, gs teal qn of he (0) The entre line i worked out separately for diferent sections of walla ca buding (©) The contre line length ie redued hy hal the Iyer of ‘main wal oiningthe patton wall ( Allthe above 24.28, The ‘centre line method is specially adopted fr ce (@) Cleats balding (@) Hexagonal buildings () Ostaganal balding (@ Other goometieal shaped buikings (e)Aitthe above £2420. Inlong and sort wll metodo estimation the eng oflong walls the centreto entre distance brewoun the walls sna (a) bredeh of the wal (by habreadth o wal on enh ide (©) one fourth breadthof wall nea side (a) Noe thew, 2430, Referring of Pig. 26.1, pick up the correct statement from the following (a) The otal length ofcotr fine of our walls i 20m (b) Lang f lang wall ote 850 m (©)Length of short walls nto-in v3.20 (Gd) Allte above 24.81, tense sees ofa tel rd of diameter D ix 1400 ‘gent an bond ers pth eid bond nth (a)30D 400(e) 50D. sp 2432. ek up the corecsttament rom the flowing ia) The bent up tare at support resist the negative (by The bet up area a support ess the sharing ore (2) The bending of bars nen uppers generally a 5" (a) Al the aber. ‘24.38, Me toa length of cranked br through a distance ‘ht once bam of efetive length Li Le oaad Leaxoad (road (yL~2oad. 2434, While estimating a eiaforeed cement structure, the ‘nittd cover of conereto fase ha theca eminforcng bar, not les than 26 mm or Trice the ameter othe bar (oy fn thin slab, 12mm inimam or dlameter ofthe bar (ofr manforcng longitudinal bar beam 25 mm ma: {tum or diameter fhe largert bar which ismore Ge Allthe above £2436, The damp prot course(DP.C) is measored in ince 0) 8a (ehMetrer (2) Noo of these, £2636. The rte ofan tem af work depends on ay gpcietions of works () Specieaios of materials (C)Proparin efonvtar Gd) Method of costrvtion (Gall the above 21.37. Te expected ot tur of ric work in cement mortar timation ond pinch per mason pr day is (100m “ty bas m 180 a (i768 224.38, The expected out tun o hal brick patton wall per ‘mason per da 24.9, The expected out turn ofeement concrete 12:4 por 20m (2m (50m 12440, The expected out tur of 12mm plastering with coment 60eam (aeosam 1099 ‘Dt The expected out turn of 2.85 em cement concrete Noor ‘nassqm @)50%0m 75am (a) 10am, ‘2.2, The expected out tur for earth work in excavation in Sraary spr masdout per ay ie (ay 1o0 cam “g)200eum (8.2.00 eum (@) 400 cum. 2.43. Pickup the corres sttament rom the towing (ey Al pipe and fing: ae lanai wcoring to heir iameters (0) The diameter ofthe pipus isthe nominal diemater of Internal bore ( Alipges re meauredalongthecentetine ofthe pipes (ap Lead enue jolts are enumerated separately (O Althe ators 224.4. Pick up the cornet statement in cae of water supp ‘ah Pipes lid in tsches and pipes fixed to wale are measured partly (@) Catting trough walls and Door are included with (c) Pipes are lassie soaring to ther ies and quality (Gin laying pipe, the sethod of iting and Hing is retical spetied epaltene above ‘2445. Size, capsity and materials ned be spied for ‘an iets oy Stop-cickr (O)Ferrlee (a) Bal waves (Salleh above the net ind Taysetingand laying () Bed concreting (S}eonnestion todos (EAM of these. 4, Cot of fittings and their fixing is specie for the flowing sntary Rings (a) Water elosets (6) avatarybasas (Al the above ‘24.48, The cast of te arthworkin excavation fr the urine a cer snction chain Pi, 242 for otal length of Seino he to0iecu, (©) Foshing pipes (ay Siaks (a) Re. 400 (0) Rs. 425 (eye 450 (aye 500. £24.49. The quantity fea conrato (1:4: fr tho suri Gran matoned in 9.24.48 8 (0235 cum (0.290 cum (6}0235 eam (@o2a0cam, 114.50, The surface aren ofthe rick wall of 10m thiknoot tthe dain specie in Q, 24.48 (aaasem 25 eam O23 00m (aisam.2451. As per Indian Standard Spesfcatons, the peak di ‘hang fo domestic purposes per Capita pr minute eke (a) 1.80 tre for 5 to 10 wera) 120s ae 18 eae (135 for 20 ora (a) Allthe abore 12452. Thedctntion period in septic anki anvamed () 20 minutes (6525 mines 30 mites (2) <0 mines, 24.59. The minimum widh of epic anki taken i) Dem ‘oy 75cm a0 em (@) 20m, 24.54. Pek up th correc statement rom the fllowing (o) Ina gully trop, a water sal of 6 75 em provided (0) The gully trap coleta waste water fom the Kichon, sink, wash basing ee (©) The gully trap dsconnets the sllage drain fom the nai drainage ystems (@) The grating provided over gully traps 23cm aqare 24.5, The trp whieh is provided to dieeonect the howe An othe see sewer called, (a) Master teap (tatrcepting rap (e)Intoreption manhole) Inerepter chamber (All the above 24.56, Pick up the incoret statement regarding « master {tsp fom the following () Tis provided in between the lower cad of the house (2 Iie proved leaning ey tthe tap of the exp (©) The height offre air inlet pipe ied verily with vellis3'm (@) Te mica ap valve which opens inwards ony ited st the top ofthe net pipe () The water sale less han that of ordnary traps. 24.57. The inspection itor chambres mantle provided Ima base deinage sem re (a) atorery change of ection (at erry ehange of gaint (0) at evry 30m intervla ne : (AIT above 24.58. The slope ofthe outa f'P tap blow the horionta ow toe, 2428 siete pp ie 5 (a) Main el pipe (Bottom oP rap W.C (©) Top oP tap We, (@sitoctvater eset | Y.40. The val of off lan ype W.C. shows in Pig “a 400 mam 450mm (500 mm (850mm, 2461. The val oA‘ Indian type W.C. shown in Fg. 24:3 (a) 250m ®) s0em (adem (a4bem, 24.62. The value of ofIndian type W.C.shine in Fig 24.9 (er45em 8) 500m (0m (a) 2em 24.69. The height of th snk of wash basin above Noor level iohepe (eh60cm ©)70em (075m 080 em (80cm, 24.64 Thediameter ofa domestic semer pipe ail at gradint 1in 100i recommended “100 an (®) 150mm @)i%6mm, 324.65, Pick up the cor statement rom the flowing. (a) In order ta check up the svorage depth of crenston, ‘Dood mans are ft tthe mid widths of torom ng (®) Me earthwork elclation in excavation tad rom the dference nivel bined with s evel (©) The arth work inexenvation form the road embank ment includes th formation of cree pre aad ‘depositing the sen lyers, (All the above 246. Pick up the inconet statement fom the allowing (q) Load i the avernge horizontal stright distance be tween the borrow a and the pace spreading si (©) The lead i aleasted fr each Hock a the exerted (©) The uit fend a6 m fr a distance upto 600m (@) The wnt ofead ist km where the lend aco 2k, 24.67. The crowesoctions for s highway i taken at (a) right angle othe entre line (©) 30 meres apart (© interment points having abrupt ange in gradient {athe starting end pont ofthe curves (All ehe above. 2468, 1B isthe width formation, di the height ofthe fenbankient, side slope Si, fr a highway ait oa ‘Wanzvere slaps the aeacf cros-serion aed «8d (Oia Se (pea-sa (a) v2 (bas Sa, 2460. If the formation toe afm highway has a wnform ‘radint fora particular length, andthe ground ils having ‘longitudinal slop, the artwork maybe ealevlate (a) Mid-ection fez (©)Prismoidl frmula’ (All the above, £2.70. n tho mid-section mula (@) The mean depth stn average of depth aftwoconsece- (0) The area of midsecions is calultad by using mean deptE () Tho area of mid-section sth average area of the two W) The volume of tho earth war sealeuated by lily: two originl sections ing the mid-section area by the distance between the (lah than ea he above BUTI. The ssurption on which th trapesial forma for Na) The ead sections are parallel planes (4) The midaren ofa pyramid is haf te average area of ‘hence a prismoidal correction i applied (Al the abe (a) D iat area + Instron 2 Even area «204d areas 2, 25 2 (oy Bidet aren tastaren +4 Bren aren + 20d arene oie areas tat aen 2 Bre arn 04a (oP are tstaree2 hen oe 4 ae 21:7. Tho arwa ofa sloping surface ofa protective embank toon of mean halght side slopes Sand Tenth Zs (dxdxe Vi xcae? LD Vie @2ud Vie 21:74. Tho reduced evel of points, $0 metres par along the longitudinal xetion ead portion between chainogesb and Sa shown in Fig 244 there ea uniform up-gradient of the ad 120 nthe hainage ofthe point wit ao fling oF 8a" uz0m yiae | em (G)e6 918) chain 24.15, Tho round surface slopes 1 in 80 along proposed railway embankment 160 m tn length. The bejght of the ‘rbunkment tro cainage sO mth with 11 mand 1'in 180, the quantity ofthe earthwork ealulted by pie ‘moi! formal i “3250 mt (0) 5225 mt (oars a? (a) 3500 24:16, Tho cross-section of road partyin banking and party in eating shown in Fg, 249. The een of the ade portion | (06+ 10 caine (a) None ofthese [ones | 1 Gani? leant ae are 1, Gera wo) b=oot Ogre Ngee 24.71. The area of tecrone-ection fa eed lyin banking MP adds? Sense) 2s Bae oBteeaedent ——(g) SitsA aa. 224.78 Pick up the cor statement from the lowing (@) ithe bed level above NL the cata called filly Tull suply depth of water 5.0) (@) Aronofeanalincating= BD + Se wher B bed width, (Ts depts of eting and Si the wide slope ‘and are the with of bak, height ofthe bask above (GE) FSL in above NSU tho cana i eal party in ating and partyin filling ad berms are designed as ‘2a'where dl soppy depth ce Allthe above ‘24.28, A portion of ax embaakment having @ wnifem up- {radint Fin 500 cimaar with radius 1000 m ofthe eat nz Iesubtende 160° at the contre I the ight of the bank {rT mat the lower end, and side loper 1, Ee earth wore Atvelved a) 26,000 (2) 26,500 mt (6) 27.0000 (a) 27500" £2480, 4 cement concer ie 1000 long, 8m wide and em thick over the eb-bae of 10 em thik gravel The box ting in rad rust(ay 0: (0) 1000 (2) 100 a) 2000 2481, Th caie content of eonerete (1:2 for the road ‘spelen 9.2480 ia) 300 me )600m", £2482, Borms are provided in canals these are (ofall in exavation ©) partyin exenvtion and partly in embankment flyin embankment (2) Al he store 2483. The cross-sectional aoa of the embankment of canal {aiyimembankement Pip 247 a @lo soon r+ bon ese r,0b) «2.808 (2b, + 9p + SHH 24.4, According to ISI method of messurement, the order of (a) Length, breadth, height () Breadth, length, height (e)Hegh eng, breadth) None a hee, £24.86, Piek up th incorrect statement from the allowing (e) Dimension ae measured tthe nearest 0.01 m (0) Areas aro measured wo the nearest O01 ram (@)Cublecontents are mearured tthe nearest 0 cm (a Weighte are measured t he nearest 00] tonnes th work is not meneared 2486, The fllowing item of (0) Site lenrence (2 steps in dep exavaccn| (eh Allthe above 2481. Pick up the corres statement fam the following (a) The eres work of cating in renter hore pit in fainty uniform ground is measared with th belp of verge depth ofthe dond men (0) Tho earch workin ences borrow pts in iergular ground it measured by taking the difference in levee fofre and ater completion of work (©) Tho earth work in trenches or borrow pits, where alter @ nor 8 i earibe, are messed trom the ‘lings after deduction of vide Galt above 24.86. The excavation eaceding 1 m in width and 30a 28 Inplan are with a dopch nat exceoing 0 em, ermed ss Ey Bxravation| (by Sarace dressing (cating (Surtoe excavation 2489. Pickup the excaaton where meazurements remade i aquare retest pment” (a) Ordinary eating upto 1m (®) surface dressing op to 15 cm depths (@)Surisce exenvatia up to 30 em depths (@) Both) and) (e) Bath (a) and 24.90. Theconcrote work or the following parttthe bailing ‘taped thickness menmored in oqunre etree (@) Root ae ‘o) Fors pee. (2) Wall pane {@)All he above, 24.91, Pickup the incaret statement from the falling (a) No. daduction i made for tho volume occupied by (0) No deduction ede or the openings vot 0.1 xq (©) No. deduction i_made for. volumes cccuped by pipes, at exceeding 100s em in eroneection (d)No deductions are made for the nde of dsimilar structures upto 00 aq em crosesactionl area 24,92, Brick wall are mearored in ag. ifthe tienes of ‘he wall ‘ay i0em 150m (200m (a) Nona ts, 24.98. The tam of the rick etrueture measured in 9, i) Reifornd brick work () Broken glass coping (e) Bic edging (a) Brick war in arches 24.04. Pek up the itm whove weight i added to tho weight respective tem, (ay Cleats (by Brackets (Boe (a) Distance separators (@) A the above 24.95. Tho item af tel work which e mearuredin om, ‘a)Calapabe gate”) Ralingshatere, (@) Steel doors (2) Ventators end pasng (a)All the above, (a) Ponting is measured in sqm (b Plastering is mearared in qm (c) Glasing it measured nq (a) Stetking ie mensred in allthe above 2497. For 12 mm thick cement plastering 1:6 on 100 ine brick work, the cant foment repre {a)0200m ‘oat me @oram (2)0.298 0 24.96. For 102m ent cnet (1:24 cm thick oe, {hequantty fenment quired ‘aloo ms (004m (3098 n° (@).00Answers L@® 2@ a@ 40 Bieber nw 8 a0 026) Le Be Oo k@® Be we n@® BH Bw we ®@ 2® Bw ww 50 6M md Bw Oo ne 1 Rw BO) HO 8 ® xo Mm Ow Lo 20 8 «e © %&@ 7) 8) oo O@ m@ Be oO ko BM BW 2 8G) 8 ow &@ 8 oa) ow 6a hm 8a ORY AY Bw Be 48 BO BO Te BO We wa aw® 26 & © He BO BO MM we oe 00 Mo Re 8 He 8) 8) v0 98 0)