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Chem Practical Cheat Sheet

This document provides procedures to test for various anions and cations through a series of chemical reactions. For anions, tests include adding dilute sulfuric acid, cobalt chloride solution and heat to test for chlorate which produces a yellow precipitate. Sulfite produces a slow burning sulfur smell and limewater turns milky. For cations, group 1 metals like silver and lead produce a white precipitate when sodium hydroxide is added after hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride. Copper produces a chocolate brown precipitate with potassium ferrocyanide. Zinc, manganese and nickel produce different colored precipitates with hydrogen sulfide gas in the presence of ammonium hydroxide.

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22 views2 pages

Chem Practical Cheat Sheet

This document provides procedures to test for various anions and cations through a series of chemical reactions. For anions, tests include adding dilute sulfuric acid, cobalt chloride solution and heat to test for chlorate which produces a yellow precipitate. Sulfite produces a slow burning sulfur smell and limewater turns milky. For cations, group 1 metals like silver and lead produce a white precipitate when sodium hydroxide is added after hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride. Copper produces a chocolate brown precipitate with potassium ferrocyanide. Zinc, manganese and nickel produce different colored precipitates with hydrogen sulfide gas in the presence of ammonium hydroxide.

Uploaded by

stephanietoppo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANILINE CARBOHYDRATE

Hypochlorite- violet H2so4- black mass


K2cr7o4- deep red then black Nh4oh- white ppt turns pink
Bromine water- white ppt tribromoaniline Water and naoh- yellow or dark brown
Ferric- white ppt, due to aniline hydrochloride then changes to pale Silver nitrate+nh4oh- silver mirror
green Fehling 1 and 2- red ppt. cuprous oxide
Beta-naphthol- orange/red azo dye Alpha-naphthol+conc. H2so4- violet ring
ACETONE Phenyl hydrazine+glacial acetic acid- yellow crystals of glucazone
Sodium bisulphite- white crystalline FORMALDEHYDE
Nitroprusside- red then fades to yellow or disappears Fehling 1 and 2- red ppt. cuprous oxide
Mercuric chloride- yellow ppt, disappears immediately on shaking Silver nitrate+nh4oh- silver mirror
Iodine crystals- yellow ppt, iodoform, characteristic odour Pyrogallol- white ppt. but adding conc. Hcl changes to pink
BENZOIC ACID Resorcinol- red ring at the junction
Blue litmus- changes to red Schiff’s+ conc. Hcl- after waiting pink turns violet
NaHCO3- strong effervescence with co2 GLYCEROL
Ethyl alcohol- pleasant fruity smell of ester Ferric ammonium nitrate- red
Ferric- buff ppt Borax- pink of phenolphthalein disappears on adding glycerol but
reappears on warming and disappears on cooling
Phenol- on adding nh4oh red colouration is obtained
Cuso4- blue solution

ANION CATION
Dil. H2so4+sample  OS+dil. Hcl= white ppt= gp.1= pb2+, ag+
Co3: brisk eff. Blue litmus red, lime water milky Ppt.+ KI= yellow= pb
So3: slow eff. Burnt sulphur Ppt.+nh4oh=dissolve+KI= yellow= ag
Nse+bacl2= white ppt, insoluble in hno3  Gp.1 sol.+ h2s gas= black=Gp.2: add
S2: colourless gas, rotten egg smell, lead acetate black hno3=colourless/bluegreen
Sodium nitroprusside= violet Colourless+KI= pb, bluegreen+ferrocyanide= choc. Brown= Cu
No2: brown gas, turns pot. Dichromate orange to green  OS+dil. Hcl+ nh4cl+nh4oh excess= white/brown= gp. 3
Pot. Chlorate+ cobalt chloride sol.+ heat= yellow ppt. White ppt.+excess naoh- dissolves+ solid nh4cl+boil=white=al
Conc. H2so4+sample Brown ppt.+dil.hcl=dissolve+heat+ferrocyanide=blue=fe
No3: yellowish brown, dark brown with copper turnings  OS+dil.hcl+nh4cl+nh4oh+h2s=white/flesh/
Nse+ferrous sulphate+conc. H2so4(walls)= brown ring black=zn,mn,ni=gp4
Ch3coo: smell of vinegar White ppt.+dil. Hcl+boil= naoh dropwise=white ppt.= dissolves
Nse+ferric chloride= blood red with excess naoh= zn2+
Cl: +Mno2=greenish yellow Flesh ppt. dissolved in dil.hcl and boil to remove h2s, cooled and
Nse+agno3= curdy white insoluble in hno3, soluble in nh4oh naoh is added slowly but in sufficient quantity= white ppt. which
I= violet= deep yellow insoluble in nh4oh slowly turns brown=mn2+
Br: brown fumes= pale yellow, soluble in n4oh with difficulty Black ppt. dissolved in min. aqua regia= dry mass=cooled and
So4: nse+bacl2= white ppt. insoluble in all mineral acids dissolved in distilled water. To this 1cc nh4oh+dimethylglyoxime=
Oxalate: nse+ cacl2= thick white ppt. insoluble in ch3cooh. bright red ppt.= ni2+
Filtrate+dil. H2so4+kmno4+heat= pink colour dismissed.  OS+dil. Hcl+nh4cl+nh4oh+sat. (nh4)2co3=white ppt.= ca,
sr, ba=gp5
Flame test: brick red=ca, apple green=ba, ornage red= sr
 GROUP 6= Mg2+
OS+dil.hcl+nh4cl+nh4oh+(nh4)2co3+na2hpo4=white crystalline

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