SARSWATI SR. SEC.

VIDYA MANDIR
DEORIA KHAS,
DEORIA
Session 2023-2024
Chemistry

Project Name-Extraction of Essential Oil present

in Saunf (Aniseed), Ajwain (Carom)and Elaichi
(Cardamom)

NAME : RITESH SINGH

CLASS : 12TH A
ROLL NO :
Submitted To : Chandramoli Mishra
Sub Teacher Signature
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that "Ritesh Singh"
student of Class-XII of "PCM" has
successfully completed their Chemistry
project on the topic
“Extraction of Essential Oil present in Saunf
(Aniseed),Ajwai (Carom)and Elaichi
(Cardamom)”
"Under the guidance of " Chandramoli Mishra"Sir.

Sign of Principal

Sign of External Sign of Internal

Examiner Examiner

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 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my Chemistry teacher Mr.
Chandramoli Mishra who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project. Who
also helped me in doing a lot of research and I
came to know about so many new things I am
really thankful to him.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents
and friends who helped me a lot in completing
this project within the limited time.
I am making this Project not only for marks but to
also increase my knowledge.
I would also like to extend my gratitude to the
principal MR. Anirudh Singh for providing me
with all the facility that was required.

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 Table of Contents
S. No Contents

1 Introduction 5
2 Experiment 7
3 Theory 8
4 Requirements 15
5 Procedure 16
6 Experimental Setup 18
7 Observations 19
8 Results and 21
Precautions
9 Bibliography 22

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 INTRODUCTION
We are all familiar with the pleasant odours
coming out from flowers, spices and many trees.
The essence or aromas of plants are due to
volatile oils present in them. These smelling
volatile oils present in plants are called essential
oils. Cinnamon, clove, cumin, eucalyptus, garlic,
jasmine, peppermint, rose, sandalwood,
spearmint, thyme, wintergreen are a few familiar
examples of valuable essential oils. The term
"essential oils" literally means "oils derived from
the essence" of plants. Essential oils are mainly
used for their pleasant odours and flavors in
perfumes and as flavoring agents in foods. Some
are used in medicines (e.g., camphor, wintergreen,
eucalyptus) others as insect repellants (eg,
citronella).

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Chemically essential oils are composed of
complex mixtures of ester, alcohols, phenols,
aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons. They are
essentially non-polar compounds and are thus
soluble in non-polar solvents such as petroleum
ether, benzene etc. Essential oils may occur in all
parts of the plant, but they are often concentrated
in the seeds or flowers. They are obtained from
the plants by the process of steam distillation and
extraction. The technique of steam distillation
permits the separation of volatile components
from non-volatile materials without raising the
temperature of the distillation above 100° C. Thus
steam distillation reduces the risk of
decomposition of essential oils

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 Experiment
To extract essential oil present in :-

> Saunf (aniseed)

> Ajwain (carom)

> Elaichi(cardamom)

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 ANISEED OILI (SAUNF)
● Botanical Name: Pimpinela anisum

● Common Method of Extraction: Steam

Distillation

● Aromatic Description: Dinstinct scent of

Licorice, Rich and sweet

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● Color: Clear

● Constituents: a-pine camphene, B-pinene,

linalool, cis-anethole, trans-anethole, safrole,
anisaldehyde, acetoanisole

Uses

● Its most common flavouring applications

include being added to liqueurs, alcohol, gelatins,
various candies, mints, chewing gum, and dairy
products. Oil of aniseed is also reported to be
used as an aromatic carminative to relieve
flatulence, and as an ingredient of cough lozenges
in combination with liquorice.
● To add a richer and more robust scent. Aniseed
Essential Oil is also often added to cosmetic
products such as shampoos, conditioners, creams,
soaps, and perfumes.

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● Aniseed essential oil has aromatherapeutic
benefits associated with relieving asthma, colds or
sinus symptoms, as well as quelling nausea and
vomiting.
● Aniseed essential oil contains anethol, which is
an effective anti-viralcomponent.
● Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid scent and
is used for both hunting and fishing. It is put on
fishing lures to attract fish Anethole, the principal
component of anise oil, is a precursor that can
eventually produce 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
which is can be used in the clandestine synthesis
of psychedelic drugs such as 2C-B, 2C-1 and DOB.

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 CAROM OILL (AJWAIN)
● Botanical name: Trachyspermum ammi
● Common Method of Extraction: Distillation
● Aroma: Warm, Pungent, Peppery
● Extraction: Ajwain of is extracted from the
crushed seeds of ajwain by the method of steam
distillation

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● Chemical composition: The main constituents
of the ajwain oil are thymol, gamma-terpinene,
prymene and beta-pinene Alpha-pinene, alpha-
thujene, beta-myrcene, carvacrol limonene and
terpinene-4-of. There are variations in the
composition of ajwain os depending upon the
region where it is cultivated. For instance, ajwain
oil collected from Southern India is rich in thymol.

Uses:

● It is used for skin alinments. Ajwain can help

with pimples
● It is used as digestive aid. One can treat
indigestion, ulcers, and various other bacterial
infections of the gut with ajwain seeds and
essential oil It is Useful in aromatherapy, ajwain
oil offers calming sensations that relieves
neuralgia and migraines

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 CARDAMOM OIL (ELAICHI)

● Botanical Name: Elettaria cardamonum

● Common Method Of Extraction: Steam
Distillation
● Aroma: Very complex and smooth spice aroma

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● Extraction: Cardamom oil is extracted using
steam distillation method. For this, seeds of the
fruit are used just before they ripe. The yield
through this process is normally 1 to 5 per cent.
● Chemical Composition: Cardamom oil contains
sabinene, myrcene, a-pinene, b-pinene,
aphellandrene, limonene, p-cymene, terpinolene,
1,8-cineole, y-terpinene, linalyl acetate, aterpineof
acetat, citronellol, nerot, terpinen-4-oil, aterpineol
geraniol, methyl eugenol and trans-nerolidol

Uses:
● Cardamom oil has a vast range of usage for
treatment of sciatica, coughs, abdominal pains,
spasm and nervous disorders. Traditionally, it is
used for, fever, digestive and urinary problems in
India and China for over 3000 years.
● It is also used to favour pharmaceutical
products. Apart from pharmaceutical usage,
cardamom oil is also used as a fragrant in soaps
perfumes and cosmetic products

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REQUIREMENTS
● Steam generator (Copper Vessel).
● Round bottom flask (500 ml),
● Conical flask,
● Condenser,
● Glass tubes,
● Iron stand,
● Sand bath,
● Separatory funnel
● Tripod stands.
● Burners,
● Saunf(Aniseed).
● Ajwain(Carom)
● Cardamom(Elaichi)
● Petroleum ether(60-80°C).

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 PROCEDURE
● Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of
Experimental Setup.
● The apparatus consists of a steam generator
connected to the round bottom flask through a
glass inlet tube. The flask is connected to a water
condenser through a glass outlet tube. Condenser
is further attached to a receiver through an
adaptor.
● Take about 750 ml of water in the steam
generator and start heating to produce steam.
● In the round bottom flask take about 75 gm of
crushed steam.
● A vigorous current of steam from steam
generator is passed through the round bottom
flask.

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● A part of the steam condenses in the round
bottom flask. As more and more steam is passed,
the volatile components of steam pass through
the condenser along with steam. These contents
on condensation are collected in the receiver.
● The contents in the round bottom flask may be
heated by a bunsen burner to prevent excessive
condensation of steam.
● Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel
and extract with 20 ml portions of petroleum
ether 3 times. Combine the petroleum ether
extracts in a 250 ml conical flask and dry it with
the help of anhydrous sodium sulphate.
● Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate by
careful distillation in a water bath.
● The essential oil left behind in the distillation
flask.
● Find the weight of the extracted essential oil.
● Note the colour, odour and weight of the
essential oil.

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Experimental Setup

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 OBSERVATION
1) Saunt (Aniseed)
● Weight of Saunt taken =100 gm
● Initial Weight of the bottle =10gm
● Weight of bottle essential oil =11.25 gm
● Weight of essential oil extracted =1.25 gm
● Percentage of essential oil =(w/100) =1.25%
● Colour of the of =Colourless
● Odour of the oil =Saunt like smell

2) Ajwain [Carom
● Weight of ajwain taken =75 gm
● Initial Weight of the bottle =10 gm
● Weight of bottle essential oil =11 gm
● Weight of essential oil extracted =1 gm

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● Percentage of essential oil =(y/75)100 =1.33%
● Colour of the oil =Colourless
● Odour of the oil =Ajwain like smell

3) Cardamom Elaichi
● Weight of elaichi taken =100 gm
● Initial Weight of the bottle =10 g mix
● Weight of bottle essential oil =11 25gmly
● Weight of essential oil extracted ty-0 =1.25 gm
● Percentage of essential oil (y/100) 100 =1.25%
● Colour of the oil = Colourless
● Odour of the oil =laichi like smell

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 RESULT
“Essential oils present in aniseed, carom and
cardamom are extracted from Steam distillation
method.”

Precautions
● If you accidentally spill essential oils - Clean
any spillage with an absorbent material such as
kitchen roll.
● Handling-Do not eat, drink or smoke when
handling. Respect good personal hygiene.
● Do not use neat on skin.
● Do not take internally. If pregnant seek medical
advice before using.
● Keep essential oils away from children and
pets.

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 Bibliography
● www.wikipedia.org
● www.google.com
● www.yahoo.com

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