EMERGING DYNAMICS OF WARFARE – ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS AND

HOW INDIA CAN EXPLOIT IT

“To know your Enemy, you must become your Enemy”- Sun Tzu

Introduction

Adapting tactics is essential for success in modern warfare, which is characterised by rapidly
changing technology, shifting alliances and unpredictable enemies. Thus, adapting tactics with time
is essential for success, as not only does it help in staying ahead of the curve while at the same time
aids in minimising casualties by responding to changing enemy tactics better. The Oxford dictionary
defines war as a conflict between nations, groups or individuals which often lead to armed
confrontations. War has been a tragic reality of human existence for centuries causing destruction
which is equipped with far reaching and long lasting effects. From staggering loss of life and physical
injuries to mental health issues, economic destruction, displacement and environmental damage,
war leaves deep scars on individuals, families and societies.

Though its true that wars and violent conflicts should be ideally avoided due to the toll it takes on
men and material, it is also not far from veracity to state that sadly, we don't live in an ideal world.
Chanakya, the famous philosopher, jurist and the writer of a classic treatise on polity,"Artha-
shastra", firmly believed war to be a necessary evil and as the harbinger of peace, being associated
with Indian Armed Forces, we should always be prepared for it.

War has been as well as still remains a complex and controversial topic that has been a mould to
shape the course of human history. While proponents of wars often argue that they are necessary to
protect national borders and prevent aggression from other nations, they can also be seen as a
means to defend oneself and others from harm or to promote values such as democracy and human
rights. Territory has been the sole cause of war since history. Even father of Indian Navy – Shivaji
Maharaj fought various battles and defeated Mughals to curb their territorial expansion. Battle of
Umberkhind and Surat are few examples to highlight his efforts.

The conquest of new territories and greed to control key trade routes could also be an economic
motivator to initiate war. The European powers fighting among themselves for the control of key
African locations in the 19th and early 20th century demonstrated this observation. Winston
Churchill rightly coined, “The farther backward you can look into the past, the farther forward you
are likely to see into the future.” We must vary of the Chinese dragon lingering on our shoulders,
that is more than eager to follow in the footsteps of the erstwhile British East India Company on a
quest of blatant expansion in the name of economic prosperity.

Constant efforts from various nations like diplomacy, conflict resolution and international
cooperation can all play a role in reducing the likelihood of war but the need of the hour lies in the
importance of recognizing the fact that wars are inevitable. Wars and humans have a complex and
intertwined relationship throughout history. While the whole wide world universally agrees upon its
devastating consequences on human lives and society, it would be foolish to be blind and oblivious
to the role they have played in casting the human history and civilization.

Wars have been a vessel guiding Social and cultural changes wherein, we homo-sapiens, have
witnessed changes in gender role, increase in feeling of nationalism and adaptation of cultural
practices. It is true that wars bring with them prolonged economic consequences caused due to
destruction of infrastructure and loss of productive resources. On the other hand, wars have also led
to the growth of new industries, as companies have responded to the demand for military goods and
services. Need necessitates innovation and there is no bigger need than the will to survive. Wars
have often led to significant technological innovation which has led to advances in disciplines of
metallurgy, chemistry, engineering and robotics.

Evolution of Warfare

Tactics play a crucial role in wars because they determine how military forces engage with one
another on the battlefield. A well planned and executed tactic can no doubt turn the tide of a battle
or even a war, while a poorly planned one can lead to defeat or even end up in disaster. Military
leaders must be hardwired to review their tactics regularly and make adjustments as necessary to
ensure success on battlefield. This doctrine is verified by the review of some notable examples of
tactics used in wars throughout history.

The ancient Greeks were well known to employ phalanx formation to accommodate large number of
foot soldiers into closely knitted groups which overlapped each other. This proved to be beneficial
for them as it allowed soldiers to move together as a unit in open fields, well protected from enemy
attacks. Later in history during the 13th and 14th century, higher dependence on horses and artillery
made the Mongols utilise the ‘Cavalry Charges’, which helped them conquer much of Asia and
Europe.

The emergence of asymmetrical participants made it impossible for the weaker sect to engage the
superior power in a head-on war. This precisely led to the genesis of ‘Guerrilla Warfare’, where
mobile groups of soldiers attacked larger immobile forces. The patrons of this technique have been
numerous, from American colonists in the Revolutionary War to Naxalites in present day India. The
inculcation of air-borne attacks, much better use of mechanised infantry and naval blockades
disrupting the veins of supply channels of their respective adversary are just few of many changes
that tactics underwent with the advancement of technology during World War II.

Emergence of AI and Robotics: Transforming the Future - Since time immemorial wars have been
associated with physical destruction, wherein the sole aim of combatants is to use physical forces
and weapons to defeat their enemies. However, in recent years, the nature of warfare has been
changing and we are seeing a shift from physical destruction to digital disruption. Recent decades
have witnessed the widespread adoption and quick advancements of information and
communication technologies that have successfully transformed the way we communicate, leading
to the emergence of "Information Warfare". This involves targeting information assets and systems,
that are critical for supporting a nation’s survival, like power grids, communications, financial
systems and transportation networks to quote a few.

A recent technological evolution that has come up, known as IoT or the Internet of Things, refers to
the interconnected network of physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other objects that are
embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity, enabling them to collect and exchange
data. This development allows increased automation, efficiency, and seamless communication that
could easily be weaponised into Internet of Battle Things (IoBT) that is nothing but integration of IoT
devices into military applications. This concept involves connecting and networking various deadly
devices and sensors used in military operations, such as drones, unmanned ground vehicles, soldier-
worn wearables, and surveillance systems that could prove to be more influential and are protected
from countermeasures.

The emergence of artificial intelligence and robotics has the potential to fundamentally change the
tactics of wars in several ways. AI and robotics are two related fields that deal with the development
of intelligent machines. AI involves creating algorithms and computer programs that can perform
tasks that typically require human intelligence such as recognising speech, making decisions and
learning from experience. Robotics on the other hand, focusses on creating physical machines that
can interact with the physical world. While AI and robotics are distinct fields, they are often
combined to create intelligent machines that can interact with physical world. The use of artificial
intelligence (AI) in warfare is a contentious issue, with some arguing that it could lead to a dangerous
arms race, while others believe it could be the key to preventing human casualties and winning wars
more efficiently.

Exploring Potential Scenarios: A Futuristic Case Study - Hypothetically, let's consider a scenario
where two navies are at war in future –Navy A and Navy B.

Navy A has invested heavily in AI technology and has extremely powerful assets, whereas Navy B
sticking to traditional approach of mass destruction lacks such resources and aims at only increasing
its physical weapon armament. As the war begins, Navy A deploys a fleet of semi-autonomous ships
equipped with AI that can analyse, adapt and respond to different situations on the battlefield
better. These ships are capable of operating with lesser human intervention, processing real-time
data and taking decision based on inbuilt machine learning algorithms. The assets of Country A will
gain access to computer systems or networks operated by Country B in order to steal, alter or
destroy data hence having big strategic advantage by bringing B’s operations to a halt. Country A
also utilises the concept of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks that involves flooding a network or
website with traffic to overwhelm it and make it unavailable. This type of attack can be used to
disrupt military communications or bring down critical infrastructure pertaining to Country B.

In contrast, Navy B relies solely on human operators to control their ships, making them more
vulnerable to errors and slower to react to changes on the battlefield. Their Cybersecurity defence
was weak and vulnerable to attacks from enemy assets, who leave no stone unturned to benefit
from this major lapse of their opponent. In the early stages of the war, Navy A gains a significant
advantage due to the speed and accuracy of their AI-backed operations. Not only are they able to
detect and track Navy B's movements, predict their strategies, and launch precise attacks but at the
same time they are successful in denying B from accessing its armament by disrupting its support
system. Navy B, on the other hand, struggles to keep up with Navy A's advanced technology as they
are unable to match the speed and precision of attacks and hence suffer significant losses in the
initial stages of the war.

In the end, Navy A emerges victorious due to their advanced AI technology and cyberattacking
resources. They are able to outmanoeuvre and outsmart Navy B, demonstrating the significant
advantages that AI can provide in modern warfare. Hence, proving potential advantages of AI that
could be Harnessed while protecting our waters. Moreover, Autonomous vessels can also be used in
high-risk situations, such as minesweeping operations or reconnaissance missions, reducing the risk
of harm to personnels and saving their precious lives without sacrificing the mission.

Warfare has proven to be very dynamic in nature free from any written set of rules or restrictions. It
is evident that in the 21st Century the war is not only confined to Guns, Ships and Fighter Jets. These
days, the convergence of telecommunications and digital infrastructure has proven to be quite
advantageous by reducing human errors, gathering data, and promoting a more interconnected
world. Since all that glitters is not gold, this integration also presents risks to computer systems,
servers, and machinery as growing interconnectivity provides a single door access for hackers to
steal sensitive information that could subsequently be held hostage against a nation in exchange for
exuberant demands. It is clear from our hypothetical example mentioned above that countries can
exploit cyberspace as a distinct battleground to accomplish their objectives and acquire intelligence.
This has given rise to the term "cyberwar", which refers to attacks on information and related
systems using internet as a medium. AI algorithms can be used to detect and respond to cyber-
attacks more quickly and efficiently than humans that can also be used to identify vulnerabilities in
enemy systems and gain advantage from them.

Threat Analysis

India has emerged as one of the most digitally connected countries in the world, with a vast and
ever-growing online population. As such, it is a potential target for cyber-attacks and cyber warfare
from both state and non-state actors. A 06 April 2022, report from American cybersecurity firm,
Recorded Future revealed that Chinese state-sponsored hackers had targeted India’s power grids in
Ladakh and other critical infrastructures numerous times. China has been quick to identify the
potency of information warfare and continues to wage large scale cyber-attacks, stealing intellectual
property and sensitive data. India has been classified as a third-tier country in terms of its cyber
warfare capabilities, according to a recent report by the International Institute for Strategic Studies
(IISS),that judged countries based on 7 parameters and consolidated them in classes based on their
cyber security capabilities. It defines third tier countries as those that have strengths in some of
these parameters but at the same time significant weaknesses in others. The United States of
America was the only country in the top tier, while China was a second tier Nation. India may not
only face the threat of State-sponsored attacks but also from non-state sponsored attacks such as
terrorist groups.

Some of the most covert forms of cyber-attacks that could prove to be a formidable weapon
disarming enemies’ network centric operations without detection are malware and phishing.
Combatants can use social engineering attacks which involve impersonating trusted individuals,
using psychological manipulation, or exploiting vulnerabilities in human behaviour thus giving rise to
the requirement of enforcement of strict countermeasures. Recent case of Cyberwarfare is conflict
between Ukraine and Russia that involved a range of cyber-attacks and cyber warfare activities like -
the December 2015 cyber-attack on the Ukrainian power grid causing a blackout in parts of western
Ukraine, affecting around 230,000 people which was attributed to Russian hackers. They also
allegedly gained access to Ukraine's Ministry of Foreign Affairs email system, which contained
sensitive information about the conflict in eastern Ukraine and both Russia and Ukraine have used
social media to spread propaganda and disinformation during the conflict thus attempting to rally
nations to sympathies with their cause.

Towards Self-Sufficiency: India's Quest for Strategic Independence

On 12 May 2020 Hon’ble Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi, announced "Aatmnirbhar
Bharat” which translates to "Self-reliant India". Since then, it is a vision and mission statement of the
Government of India to promote self-sufficiency and reduce dependence on imports, particularly in
strategic sectors like defence, healthcare, and technology, among others. The Aatmnirbhar Bharat
initiative aims to make India a global manufacturing hub, creating employment opportunities and
boosting the country's economic growth. The domestic defence manufacturing sector in India is still
in its nascent stage with limited capabilities to produce advanced defence technology. These Public
sector Undertakings (PSUs) not only lack the key investment in Research and Development but are
extremely deficient of trained workforce that could someday enable them to manufacture advanced
defence technology domestically.

To fight the modern war, India needs to be self-sufficient because we have faced a lot of trouble
after relying on other nation, US denying access to GPS during Kargil war is a big example proving
this. We must understand that depending on another nation for critical defence equipment,
technology and spare parts can make a country strategically vulnerable and limit its operational
capability and technological advancement. The supplier nation may use this dependence to exert
political or economic pressure and thus compromising importer’s national integrity. Thus, it becomes
an issue of paramount importance to focus on developing a self-reliant defence industry to avoid
these harms.

Even though the decision to prohibit private businesses from participating in defence production
may have safeguarded the DPSUs from rivals, at the same time it ended up impeding creativity and
innovation. World may have changed but India's defence procurement regime is still a bureaucratic
behemoth. For 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' to achieve greater heights, it requires the participation of the
private sector rather than relying solely on the Government bodies. During a debate in the Lok Sabha
on 08 Nov 1962, Shri Jawaharlal Nehru, the Prime Minister at the time, learning from our lapses
from the Chinese invasion, expressed his desire to arm modern defence forces with domestically
manufactured modern weaponry. Despite Nehru's speech decades ago, India remains one of the
largest importers of arms in the world. As a result, its foreign policy has become inadvertently biased
towards its main weapon suppliers such as Russia, the US, and France, due to their leverage in
hardware.

Although India made efforts to improve relations with the United States following the collapse of the
Soviet Union, these diplomatic initiatives did not result in significant diversification of its sources for
arms imports. Despite increased diplomacy, approximately three-quarters of India's foreign arms
purchases from 1997 to 2016 continued to come from Russia. But in last 6 years there has been a
considerable decline in the defence export from Russia as our country seems to rely more and more
on western countries. Talking about year 2020, France constituted 36% of total imports followed by
Russia 35%, US 14%. Talking about Last 5 years Russia is Still on top but France has overtaken the US
as far as exporting arms to India is concerned.

It has been almost a decade since launch of Make in India is working hard towards indigenisation,
making leaps and bound towards the prestigious ‘Make in India’ programme. In recent years, the
Government has implemented various policy initiatives and introduced reforms to promote the
domestic design, development, and production of defence equipment. Still India is one of the
biggest arms importer of the world but on a positive note the share of imports are dipping year by
year. India’s arms imports fell 33% between 2011-20, said a report released by the Stockholm
International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Defence exports grew by 334% in last five years with
India now exporting to over 75 countries due to collaborative efforts. It is a clear indicator that the
country’s drive towards Atmanirbharta is showing results, which is not only restricted to
conventional weapons but at the same time focussing on system Driven by AI Algorithms.

Revolutionizing the Indian Military: The Integration of AI and Robotics

In 1950s it was first speculated that “machines that think could be created”, From 1970s to 1990s
computers with complex programming came into existence and in 2000s the world made a paradigm
shift to Big Data and Machine Learning . Despite the potential benefits of implementing AI and
Robotics in the battlefield, India has yet to fully embrace this technology, while the 1 st and 2nd tier
nations have already begun to integrate it. The impressive display of Kamikaze drones during the
Army Day Parade in 2021 was a positive development, but it is crucial to move beyond
demonstrations.
The government, military, homeland security agencies, as well as the R&D and industry sectors, must
go beyond seminars, conferences, and technology demonstrations and invest in the operational
concepts of AI. This includes indigenisation of AI-assisted platforms that can perform specific
military, security, and civil tasks. India is currently lagging behind China in AI, and R&D in this field is
expensive. Furthermore, the AI ecosystem must adapt and evolve throughout its life cycle to keep up
with the dynamic nature of the digital space. The current fragmented organisation is unlikely to
achieve the objectives of AI, but steps are being taken to address this problem. In 2018 February,
Government of India set up a task force for AI and in August 2019 AI roadmap for defence PSUs was
formulated. Till March 2022 around 75 AI products were developed with Rupees Hundred crore
being allocated by each service for AI implementation. With the Help of private firms, DPSUs and
DRDO, our country has been able to manufacture AI based weapons, sensors and services for Tri-
Services.

India's AI program must address the entirety of the battlefield, given that China is India's primary
adversary and is significantly ahead in the field of military AI. China recently claimed to have used
artificial intelligence (AI) to design an electrical layout of a warship with 100 percent accuracy and at
an unprecedented speed. It is critical for India to take two concurrent and rapid steps toward
achieving remotely piloted (semi-autonomous) and autonomous AI technology.

AI making Indian Army Stronger than Ever before : One of the most significant advantages of AI in
warfare is its ability to operate autonomously. Autonomous weapons can make decisions without
human intervention, which means they can react more quickly to changing situations on the
battlefield. The Indian Army is adopting AI technologies to modernize and enhance its operations
and security capabilities. From predictive maintenance of equipment to intelligent surveillance
systems, AI is being used to streamline decision-making processes and improve situational
awareness on the battlefield. Additionally, AI-based solutions are being developed to help soldiers in
areas such as logistics, medical care, and training. Many AI based products are under development
and prototype stage. One of the products which is under development is Mine Detection Unmanned
Ground Vehicle (UGV), it is Developed by DRDO and equipped with advanced sensors, artificial
intelligence algorithms, and machine learning capabilities that enables it to operate autonomously in
hazardous environments. The UGV has a tracked platform enabling it to move cross-country on all
kinds of terrain. This will reduce the risk of personnels being exposed to danger thus minimising
casualties.

The Indian army is in the process of procuring Swarm Drones, that could be controlled manually or
programmed to operate autonomously using artificial intelligence algorithms. They can be used for
reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition, as well as for delivering payloads and disrupting
enemy communications, battlefield mapping, and monitoring of critical infrastructure. By working
together, swarm drones have been proven to cover larger areas, perform more complex operations,
and provide redundancy in case of system failures. Swarm drones can also provide a low-cost and
low-risk solution for certain military applications, reducing the need for manned missions and
potentially saving lives. Apart from this there are other technologies like - AI-Based Mandarin
Translators, AI-Based Automated Bore Cleaning of Artillery and Tank guns, Adaptive Intelligent Front
Towing Solution for Artillery Gun that under development and highlight India’s efforts towards an AI
enabled military.

AI algorithms can process large amounts of data from multiple sources, such as satellite imagery,
ground sensors, and social media, to provide a more comprehensive picture of the battlefield. This
can help military leaders make better decisions about where to deploy troops and equipment, and
how to respond to enemy threats and potential terrorists attacks.

Enhancing Airspace Security wit AI: The Indian Air Force's Endeavours - Indian Air Force, has
become first among three forces established a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for the integration of
Artificial Intelligence (AI) into its warfighting capabilities named UDAAN (Unit for Digitisation,
Automation, Artificial Intelligence and Application Networking).With the help of AI Indian Airforce is
now developing Enemy Aircraft Activity Recognition & Classification tool that learns to identify
enemy aircraft by observing the behaviour of friendly aircraft, can ultimately fusing data from
multiple sensors, such as radar and electro-optical systems. Hence, by combining data from multiple
sources, AI can provide a completer and more accurate picture of the enemy aircraft activity. The
development of Artificial Intelligence training modules for technicians for operation and
maintenance of SU–30 MKl aircraft is also being worked upon. Few of many domains where IAF can
Harness the potential of AI is Mission planning and decision-making, Air traffic control, Cybersecurity
and Deep learning toolkit for Aerospace and Defence.

The Indian Navy: A true Blue Water Force Prepared for the Future The Indian Navy is also not far
behind in exploring the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its applications like Product Life
Maintenance tool. This can help prevent equipment breakdowns and increase the longevity of
equipment for shipbuilding, improving total enterprise collaboration, synchronization and
productivity, as well as lifecycle ship service and support, by optimizing various shipbuilding
processes. PLM can also help to efficiently optimize Operation Cum Refit Cycle of IN ships. In
collaboration with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), the Indian Navy has developed an indigenous
platform known as Autonomous Fast Intercept Boat (AFIB) equipped with advanced software and
algorithms, this flagship product in the marine segment leverages Artificial Intelligence to perform
autonomous operations up to a speed range of 25 nautical miles. Notably, AFIB is the first of its kind
in India and can operate autonomously even in dense maritime traffic and shallow water areas
performing a range of operations like search & rescue operations, patrolling & surveillance , flood
rescue operations and hydrographic survey operations with appropriate sensors.

Incorporation of Big Data for Acoustic and Magnetic Signature Analysis and development of Machine
Algorithms for Maritime Anomaly Detection is just a fraction of various initiatives currently
underway. AI powered algorithms could be used to simulate different scenarios and provide training
to soldiers and military leaders, helping them prepare for a range of different situations and make
better decisions under pressure. Navy can utilize the input from exercises like – TROPEX, VARUNA
and JIMEX and include them in simulation in training its personnels better. Additionaly, AI-based
solutions are being developed to help organisations in logistics too, performing Route Optimization
by analysing traffic patterns, weather conditions, and other factors to optimize delivery routes,
which can save time and reduce fuel consumption and it can even automate the warehouses thus
improving speed and accuracy.

Indian Navy aims at becoming fully self-reliant by 2047, demands the need for efficient shipyards
that could subsequently reduce time from keel laying to commissioning. Industry 4.0 encompasses a
convergence of advanced technologies, including digitization, Big Data analytics, the Internet of
Things (IoT), Additive Manufacturing (AM), automation, Simulation, and Augmented Reality (AR). We
should not fall behind our competitors, that are digitising their production capabilities at a rampant
pace.

The use of Industry 4.0 technologies for designing, constructing, and maintaining ships and
submarines, as well as monitoring and managing associated infrastructure, is referred to as a "Digital
Shipyard". Benefit of a digital shipyard is that it can improve collaboration and communication
among different teams and departments involved in shipbuilding wherein designers, engineers, and
workers can collaborate more effectively, sharing information and feedback thus making faster
decisions. This can help to reduce errors, reworks and improve the overall quality of the final
product, enabling greater flexibility and customization in shipbuilding. Another benefit of using
digital technologies such as robotics and automation is the ease with which manufacturers can adapt
their production lines to different requirements and specifications quickly and efficiently.

The rise of advanced networks worldwide have exposed our cyberspace to intensified attacks. India
Witnessed 13.9 Lakh Cybersecurity Incidents In 2022. To mitigate these threats, India can take
several steps, such as improving cybersecurity infrastructure, increasing awareness and education
about cyber threats, enforcing strong cybersecurity policies and regulations. To safeguard a network,
defensive cyber operations are essential, however neglecting offensive cyber operations in military
planning would be unwise, and should receive equal attention.

Looking Forward: Concluding Thoughts on the Path Ahead

Overall, the use of AI in defence has revolutionized the way wars are fought and conflicts are
resolved. It has increased the efficiency of the military operations, reduced human casualties, and
provided new tools for intelligence gathering and decision-making. However, it is important to
remember that AI is only a tool, and human oversight and judgment are crucial in determining the
appropriate use of force and ensuring ethical and legal compliance. While AI has its advantages,
humans still possess certain qualities that cannot be replicated by machines, such as empathy,
creativity, and intuition. These qualities are particularly important in situations where judgment calls
must be made, such as in the interpretation of rules of engagement or the assessment of the
intentions of an adversary.

Therefore, the optimal approach is to combine the strengths of both humans and AI, creating a
symbiotic relationship that leverages the best of both worlds. By doing so, we can enhance our
defence capabilities while maintaining the ethical and legal standards that define our values as a
society. Ultimately, the goal should be to achieve a balance between the use of technology and
human judgment, recognizing that each has its role to play in ensuring the safety and security of our
nation and its citizens.

In summary, the private-public partnership model is a crucial tool for enhancing defence weapon
production in India. By bringing together the strengths of both sectors, we can accelerate the
development of indigenous defence technologies, reduce the reliance on imports, and strengthen
our defence capabilities. However, to fully realize the potential of this model, certain challenges
must be addressed. These include bureaucratic hurdles, lack of trust between the sectors, and a
disconnect between the priorities of the private sector and the defence establishment.

Few good steps like for example: The factory which comes under the Ordnance Factory Board will
see a serving Major General as the CEO for the next four years, his team is expected to have other
serving officers as well. The process of corporatisation has the potential to bring about positive
changes, such as improved efficiency and productivity, by encouraging monetary gains and fostering
competitiveness. It is possible to recruit officers from the support cadre, as well as retired defence
officers, as long as they meet the necessary qualifications. The corporate mindset of prioritising
targets and results would naturally result in the elimination of unproductive individuals, leading to a
highly motivated team that is managed effectively and can meet targets.
To overcome these challenges, a clear and transparent policy framework must be put in place that
encourages innovation, incentivizes private sector investment, and promotes collaboration between
the sectors. Moreover, the government must play an active role in facilitating this partnership by
providing necessary support in the form of funding, technology transfer, and regulatory reforms. The
private sector must also be willing to invest in R&D, develop cutting-edge technologies, and
collaborate with the defence establishment to address their specific requirements.

Ultimately, by leveraging the strengths of both the private and public sectors, India can become a
leader in defence technology and production, which not only enhances national security but also has
significant economic benefits. Therefore, it is imperative that the government and the private sector
work together towards a common goal of building a robust and self-reliant defence industry.

In conclusion, the use of artificial intelligence in warfare raises profound philosophical questions
about the nature of human agency, responsibility, and the value of life. As we continue to develop
and implement AI technologies in the battlefield, it is imperative that we consider the ethical
implications of our actions and the potential consequences they may have on humanity. Ultimately,
the decision to use AI in war must be made with caution and careful consideration, guided by a deep
understanding of the implications of our actions. Only through such reflection can we ensure that
our use of AI technology remains in line with our moral and ethical values and does not compromise
the dignity and worth of human life. In 21st centuary the advantage lies in the hands of those who
master Artificial Intelligence and Robotics