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Chapter 2 Calculation 2

The document discusses pressure, atmospheric pressure, and calculating pressure at different depths and heights using the formula: Pressure = Density x Gravity x Height. It provides examples such as calculating pressure at various points in a fluid column, converting between pressure units, and determining the height or depth needed to produce a given pressure.

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Hnin Yu Yu Aung
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37 views15 pages

Chapter 2 Calculation 2

The document discusses pressure, atmospheric pressure, and calculating pressure at different depths and heights using the formula: Pressure = Density x Gravity x Height. It provides examples such as calculating pressure at various points in a fluid column, converting between pressure units, and determining the height or depth needed to produce a given pressure.

Uploaded by

Hnin Yu Yu Aung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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𝐹

1. P =
𝐴
2. Column ပါရင္ 𝜌𝑔ℎ
3. နွစ္ဆင့္ဖိရင္ ph = pat m + ρgh
Eg.1: Find the pressure at the points A, B, C and D as shown in figure.

Pressure at A, pA = 0,
ℎ1 = 96 – 50 = 46 cm, Pressure at B, pB = 46 cmHg
ℎ2 = 96 – 20 = 76 cm, Pressure at C, pC = 76 cmHg,
ℎ1 = 96 – 10 = 86 cm, Pressure at D, pD = 86 cmHg

Eg:2: Express 2 atm pressure in mmHg and bars.


Ans: 1 atm = 760 mmHg
2 atm =1520 mmHg,
1 atm = 1.01 bars
2 atm = 2.02 bars
Eg: 3 Find the force due to the atmosphere which is acting 3 m2 area
on the earth’s surface.
p = 100 kN𝑚−2 = 100 × 103 N𝑚−2
A = 3 𝑚2
F=?
𝐹
p=
𝐴
F = pA = 100 × 103 × 3 = 300 × 103 = 3 × 105 N
Eg: 4 Compare the atmospheric pressures and forces acting
on a man and a child who are standing side by side.
patm = pman = pchild (same locality and time)
𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝐹𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑
=
𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝐴𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑
but 𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑛 > 𝐴𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑
𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑛 > 𝐹𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑑
The force acting on a man is greater then the force acting on a child
Ex; 11 :The mercury barometer in Fig contains some trapped air in
the tube. If the barometer reads 75 cmHg, what is the pressure
exerted by the trapped air?
patm = 75 cmHg – 70 cmHg
= 5 cm Hg
Ex: 4 Calculate the height of a column of water which could be
supported by the atmosphere at sea level. (density of water is 1000
kgm-3)
𝜌𝑤 = 1000 kg𝑚−3
ℎ𝑤 = ?
patm = 𝜌𝑤 gℎ𝑤
𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑚
ℎ𝑤 =
𝜌𝑤 𝑔
1.01 × 105
=
1000 ×10
= 10.1 m
Ex: 5 What will be the new height of column, if water is used
instead of mercury? (mercury is 13.6 times heavier than
water)
𝜌Hg = 13.6 𝜌𝑤 𝜌𝑤 = 1000kg𝑚−3
ℎ𝐻𝑔 = 76 cm = 0.76 m ℎ𝑤 = ?
p𝑎𝑡𝑚 = p𝐻𝑔 pa𝑡𝑚 = p𝑤
pHg = p𝑤
𝜌𝐻𝑔 𝑔ℎ𝐻𝑔 = 𝜌𝑤 𝑔ℎ𝑤
13.6 𝜌𝑤 ℎ𝐻𝑔 = 𝜌𝑤 ℎ𝑤
ℎ𝑤 = 13.6 x 0.76
= 10.336 m
Ex: 13What is the height of a column of turpentine that would
exert the same pressure as 5.0 cm of the mercury? (density of
turpentine = 840 kgm-3, density of mercury = 13600 kgm-3)

𝜌Hg = 136 00 kg𝑚−3 𝜌t = 840kg𝑚−3


ℎ𝐻𝑔 = 5.0 cm = 0.05 cm ℎ𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑒 = ?
pHg = ptur
𝜌𝐻𝑔 𝑔ℎ𝐻𝑔 = 𝜌𝑡𝑢𝑟 𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑢𝑟
𝜌𝐻𝑔 ℎ𝐻𝑔
ℎ𝑡𝑢𝑟 =
𝜌𝑡𝑢𝑟
136 00 ×0.05
=
840
= 0.81 cm
Ex: 12 At sea level, the atmospheric pressure is 76 cmHg. If the
pressure falls by 10 mmHg per 120 m ascent, what is the
height of a mountain where the barometer reads 70.5 cmHg?

patm = 76 cmHg
ph = 70.5 cmHg
pfall = 76 – 70.5 = 5.5 cm = 55 mm
If the pressure falls by 10 mmHg per 120 m
55 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
If the pressure falls by 55 mmHg = × 120 m
10 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
= 660 m
Eg: 5 The density of sea water is 1025 kgm-3. How many times is
the pressure at the depth of 2 km under the sea surface greater
than the atmospheric pressure?
h = 2 km = 2 × 103 m
𝜌𝑠𝑒𝑎 = 1025 kgm−3
patm = 1.01 × 105 Pa
p2km
=?
patm
p2km = pat m +𝜌𝑠𝑒𝑎 gh
p2km patm 𝜌𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑔ℎ
= +
patm patm patm
1025×10×2×103
= 1 +
1.01×105
= 1 + 202.9 = 203.9
Eg: 6 The total pressure at the bottom of a tank is 3 atm. To what
height has the water been filled in the tank?

ptotal = 3 atm
patm = 1 atm = 1.01 × 105 Pa
ρwater = 1000 kgm−3
h =?
ptotal = pat m + ρgh
3 atm = 1 atm + 1000 × 10 × h
2 atm = 10000 h
2 × 1.01 × 105 = 104 × h
h = 20.2 m
Eg: 7 Find the pressure on a diver who is at a depth of 5 m below the
surface of water?
h =5m
ρwater = 1000 kgm−3
patm = 1.01 × 105 Pa
p5m = ?
p5m = pat m + ρgh
p5m = 1.01 × 105 + 1000 × 10 × 5
= 1.01 × 105 + 5 × 104
= 1.5 × 105
• The pressure at the height of 1 m from the floor is the normal
atmospheric pressure 1.01 × 105 Pa. If the temperature is 0°C, what
is the difference between the pressure on the floor and the pressure
at 1 m height? (ρair = 1.29 kgm−3 )
h =1m
ρair = 1.29 kgm−3
p1m = 1.01 × 105 Pa
pfloor − p1m =?
pfloor = p1 m +ρair gh
pfloor − p1m =ρair gh
= 1.29 × 10 × 1
= 12.9 Pa
Ex:18: At what depth will the pressure exerted on a man be twice
that of the pressure at the surface of water?
h =?
ρwater = 1000 kgm−3
patm = 1.01 × 105 Pa
pman = 2 patm
pman = pat m + ρgh
2 patm = pat m + 1000 × 10 × h
patm = 104 h
1.01 × 105 = 104 h
h = 10.1 m

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