TEXTILES

BIBLIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
 DIRECTORY

01 05
Terminology Natural Fabrics

02 06
Retrospective Synthetic Fabrics

03 07
Textile Commerce Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit.

04 08
Textile Classification Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit.
TERMINOLOGY

Textiles are a wide range of materials made from fibers like

cotton or wool. These materials include things like threads,
yarns, and different kinds of fabrics. In the past, when people
talked about textiles, they usually meant woven fabrics. But as
time passed, the textile industry found new ways to make
materials for different purposes. Besides weaving, they started
using methods like knitting and non-woven processes to make
fabrics. Nowadays, textiles are used for many things, from
regular clothes to special items like bulletproof vests, space
suits, and medical gowns.
RETROSPECTIVE
In the world of textiles, the fact that textile materials are
delicate means they don't last for thousands of years. So,
when we want to learn about how people made textiles in
ancient times, we mostly rely on the tools they used for
spinning and weaving.
One of the key tools for spinning was the spindle. Over time,
people improved it by adding a part called a whorl. This
addition made the thread they spun stronger and thicker.
Later on, they came up with the spinning wheel, but we're
not entirely sure where it was first invented. Some think it
might have been in China, while others believe it was in
India.
TEXTILE COMMERCE

The textile industry started as a form of art and craft and

was supported by groups called guilds. As time went on,
especially in the 18th and 19th centuries during the
industrial revolution, machines started to do a lot of the
work. For example, in 1765, a machine called the spinning
jenny was invented in the United Kingdom, and this marked
the beginning of the industry becoming more like a factory.
In the 20th century, science and technology played a big
role in making the industry even more advanced.

The textile industry is always changing because of lots of new ideas and improvements. It's a big deal for the economies of
many countries that make textiles and clothes
TEXTILE CLASSIFICATION
Textiles have many different uses. People often use them for making clothes, bags, and
baskets. Inside homes, textiles are used for carpets, furniture coverings, curtains, towels,
and as tablecloths or bed sheets. They're also used for art projects.

Natural Synthetic Regenerative

Consists of fibres obtained from Fibres obtained from chemical Modern synthetic materials that have
plants and animals like wool, silk, fabrication such as nylon, polyester, an ability to automatically heal
cotton and jute rayon and spandex themselves such as graphene-infused
fabrics and microcapsule-infused
fabrics
NATURAL FABRICS

Silk
An animal fibre produced by certain insects and
arachnids as building material for cocoons and webs,
some of which can be used to make fine fabrics.

Wool Linen
An animal fibre forming the protective covering, or A Fibre, yarn, and fabric made from the flax plant. Flax
fleece, of sheep or of other hairy mammals, Prehistoric is one of the oldest textile fibres used by humans
man eventually learned to make yarn and fabric from
their fibre covering.

Cotton Velvet
A seed-hair fibre of several species of plants of the A fabric having a short, dense pile, used in clothing and
genus Gossypium, belonging to the hibiscus, or mallow, upholstery. The term derives from the Middle French
family (Malvaceae). velu, “shaggy.”
SYNTHETIC FABRICS

Nylon
A family of synthetic polymers with amide backbones,
usually linking aliphatic or semi-aromatic groups.

Polyster Acrylic
A category of polymers that contain the ester functional These are synthetic fibers made from a polymer
group in every repeat unit of their main chain (polyacrylonitrile) with an average molecular weight of
~100,000, about 1900 monomer units.

Rayon Spandex
Also called viscose and commercialised in some It is a polyether-polyureacopolymer that was invented
countries as sabra silk or cactus silk, is a semi-synthetic in 1958 by chemist Joseph Shivers at DuPont.
fiber, made from natural sources of regenerated The name "spandex", which is an anagram of the word
cellulose, such as wood and related agricultural "expands",is the preferred name in North America
products.
SILK

Breathability
Silk is a lightweight, breathable fabric, which means it
reduces the risk of overheating when you’re going
about your day.

Elasticity Thermal Regulation

If they’re treated well, silk clothes are good at keeping Silk’s good at maintaining your body temperature which
their shape. Silk is flexible and has some elasticity to it means it can help you feel cool in hot weather and
which allows it to pull itself back into shape after warm in the cold
stretching
Absorbency Drying Speed
Silk is fairly absorbent. Water weakens the fibres, Silk is fast drying which makes it highly practical when
though, so treat your silk carefully when you’re washing managing your laundry or just going about your day-to-
it. day business.
WOOL

Durability
Wool can withstand being bent 20,000 times without
breaking. In comparison, cotton breaks after 3,000
bends, silk after 2,000, and rayon can only be bent 75
times without breaking
Stain Resistance Anti-Static
Wool can withstand being bent 20,000 times without because wool can absorb moisture vapour, it tends not
breaking. In comparison, cotton breaks after 3,000 to create static electricity
bends, silk after 2,000, and rayon can only be bent 75
times without breaking
Breathable UV- Protection
Wool fibres can absorb large quantities of moisture Sheep wool has a natural UV protection factor of up to
vapour then move it away to evaporate into the air. 30+! Wool naturally absorbs the suns UV rays before it
can make contact with your skin
COTTON

Tenacity
The strength of cotton is increased by its long
polymers, the countless, regular, hydrogen bond
formation between adjacent polymers and the spiraling
fibrils in the primary and secondary cell walls.

Elastic-Plastic Nature Thermal Properties

Cotton fibre is inelastic in nature because of its Cotton fibre has the ability to conduct heat energy,
crystalline polymer system and hence for this reason minimizing any destructive heat accumulation. Hence
cotton fibres wrinkle and crease easily cotton fibres can withstand hot ironing temperatures.

Hygroscopic Nature Versatility

The cotton molecule is very moisture absorbent due to Cotton fibres can be dyed with any colour and they
its abundant polar –OH group which attracts water retain dye well. Hence it is a versatile fibre and can be
molecules towards it. used for various purposes
NYLON

High Tensile Strength

Nylon fibers have excellent tensile strength, meaning
they can withstand a significant amount of pulling or
stretching force without breaking.

Abrasion Resistance Flexibility

Nylon is highly resistant to wear and abrasion, making it Nylon is known for its flexibility and ability to return to
ideal for use in products like clothing, luggage, and its original shape after being deformed.
industrial components like gears and bearings.

Chemical Resistance Heat Resistance

Nylon is generally resistant to many chemicals, oils, and Nylon has good heat resistance, with melting points
solvents. However, its resistance can vary depending varying depending on the specific type of nylon.
on the specific type of nylon and the chemicals
involved.
POLYSTER

Durability
Polyester fibers are known for their excellent durability
and resistance to abrasion, chemicals, and
environmental factors.

Strength Resistance to Moisture

Polyester fibers have a high tensile strength, making Polyester is hydrophobic, meaning it repels water. It
them strong and capable of withstanding heavy loads does not absorb moisture easily, which makes it
without stretching or breaking easily. resistant to mildew and rot.

Wrinkle Resistance Lightweight

Polyester fabrics tend to be relatively wrinkle-resistant, Polyester is a lightweight material, which makes it ideal
which means they maintain their shape and appearance for applications where weight is a concern, such as in
even after extended use or washing. the production of lightweight clothing, backpacks, and
outdoor gear.
RAYON

Softness

Rayon is often referred to as "artificial silk" because of

its soft and smooth texture. It has a luxurious feel
against the skin, making it a popular choice for clothing
and textiles.
Drapability
Breathability
Rayon has excellent draping qualities, which means it
Rayon is highly breathable and comfortable to wear, can flow and drape elegantly, making it ideal for
making it suitable for warm weather clothing. creating flowing and flattering garments.
Absorbency Versatility
Rayon has excellent moisture absorption properties, Rayon can mimic the appearance and texture of natural
even more so than cotton fibers like silk, cotton, or wool, depending on how it's
processed.
ACRYLIC

Lightweight
Acrylic fibers are lightweight, which makes acrylic
fabric ideal for use in sweaters, scarves, and other
garments where weight is a concern.

Warmth Quick Drying

Acrylic is a good insulator and provides warmth, making Acrylic fabric dries quickly when wet, making it practical
it suitable for cold-weather clothing. for outdoor and sportswear.

Moisture Wicking Softness

Acrylic fabric has moisture-wicking properties, meaning Acrylic fabric is known for its soft and wool-like feel,
it can draw moisture away from the body, keeping the making it comfortable to wear against the skin.
wearer dry and comfortable.
| Using fabric provided by the faculty which
included canvas and muslin, incorporating it i
created a sling bag, with textured prints and
Japanese graphics.
( きんつぎ ) KINTSUGI

Kintsugi also known as kintsukuroi is the Japanese art of

repairing broken pottery by mending the areas of breakage
with urushi lacquer dusted or mixed with powdered gold,
silver, or platinum

I used this graphic to signify the random texture i have

created using black paint which gives it a dusty and vintage
look.
THANK YOU