Support your answer by (CBSE 2015, this problem to fe pee carbon overcome form compounds? Mo apo cetroni configuration of arkn is LG), Thus it has {cyst ‘hell. In order to react or to achieve noble gas configuration, =i nll sah se letrons. + itshould either © rg cannot gain 4 electrons and become C+ anion beasts muses with protans ost tld on 10 electrons 2 te as aS sme (2 vid be required to remove four el ‘a emall atom like carbon having a secondo ih 6 pret “yereomes above problem and forms a large number of compounds by sharing sera ectrons with other atoms of carbon o with atoms of other oe saat ‘sing requirement to attain noble configuration of is own and of ll the combining atoms sing fet carbon forms methane a shown below: (Dots and croses depict valence Mtons of earbon and hydrogen respectively.) H 4 shoo Ge a4 iw ® rc) Methane Jn methane, carbon shares its four valence electrons with four valence electrons, one Tee RE trtoge cape, Th atten Oe a tector st noble gas, neon. all four hydrogen atoms = ‘thalam gas (K = 2), Bond so formed due to sharing of electrons called covalent bond Siler Quentions® etn ae tage eeprom Wise (cose 2012, 2018 {How are covalent bonds formed ? Draw clectron dot structure of methane molecule. ES,Name the element which has oh electronic configuration (2, 8, je covalent bond ? prem two atoms achieve stability | Wa nr ak cron In thin an ge pa, ETI pale ae cOmCDAL tree © Ing @ i molecule (Cl,) : Two chlorine atoms share an Farin of lin mle CT ome = electron of each and seqsire Ce -@® - : T 288 s = 28, me et Seen canal shag of electrons and carbon tetrachloride containing four coral, nis rd a shore LN 9 TaN 7 s . “ = We @ + ard — 4a ay le Hee @5 237 7 = a Once ‘Pocarine ia} — on ans e's ne even ttrachoride 9 eigen ame fea tl in the cae gegnonts Molecule (VF, : Nitrogen (N) atom has 5 ele Atomon ook sl shares one lected each of thee hydrogen atoms © ae ee 2,8) Dov “ssh TELEGRAMSAegan mea Sle bend « desma nts in vss vee pm te sant Sy ne aera a ° molecule, Formation of OSE 245, Oxy am hag si (2 Repti ro shor of forming compen ett Tha enh ane eS oe ita age a = ae eee teks | ie hscal a anne Formation of ethylene molecule (CJ): In ethylene tro carton some share to oS ee eas cs Senge sme on bso del ome ‘bond giving two examples. ee zS58. The bond formed between two atoms through the sharing of thee cose Pat adil Spt ere se ota ek ee Fan cinta See ee ee ‘ting the ata sracture and forming 2X, sobcsle ae ferages atom ae ane ea eouroone> puerentiate the physic Properties a and ang Os popes of damon! wd py ntBroperties of dimand en ara nd rie mht z < z et ean ght a lone ssh ie GB x i oR, 1 for of abon-damand on gophers nd on heap ean propane it waime ese natured tyra [ntnatber svt eiers vee cee ee (C=C) or artnet . “nis vcd est ideas ox om om 2 Rory earcrne op cases | tre Cha Meares camsane + Woke te my i nd sat rao. aa * 48 a versatile element, Justify with reseoo- i e sei Nees Cad oe ance neg ns esto ai ca iit pease mao a - om eoraee collet ti in oe ESS Ue ecaey HARATSoci llpecsenlned Sieoon unescHo st 1 Cabarle oid gu Go Alishdic greu Kerns OP “Sus he meaning of fctonal group i waren compound, Woe 19 Wat sa alg rated 7 Give expen. joe Te ep By real he Byes from an ale wah Scheibel sini emy torent, Siping reed fom eto Eee ome oo Wat the grep, eer than by in caro rte wns ther than hydrocarbon part, presen ‘na Peta eps SE ta te one til pg, wi they show si wl reac enw? Tere ht calomel be Oi wnwmae ALU Dear homologous veres of caren omnEL, ener oe — SSS topes cen reo ty el ra SES cise Sy afonctinal oup ? Gi cose0 bea ie nanan fecal Bo Po cae cel ate of guns apd wel ‘ommne a hema properties Bo Meh UCL in CH ee facial POPE = HARATrar one tae een tc pp i ” — 7 at Ocenia See eer ere te tna a iam =a cut at =e pedo terrremtnetlacereareninans oe een canna pee cata all oe aun pe auenen i ae a ~ : ih increase i esageracaaa pn cceaneat ve iemme 9 dang pt tl tote pn htt mt cae eng et ite neointima eS CHO ders ir ell 2 Chemica: . 7 sot ‘ rota propertien:Akicrds pat, i Ci0 tere Thats te anne iene tse ope wk A | ee Ee ati ‘thee rag so fon = tt hemien prepertie:, Seren Se ist any. soc ot iene Stas omatgous serie of eben OPE ie e008, | ey8% what ae raw two sracarl mes tg eee rae omni eam case20r eras so grupo fly of tl ed ae oma 8 pa orn restau iret ce engines Sis OMe et van pareneate opel C00 o ces: we sie Sonal pepe tee EL mem COOH i mt ai CCOOHD. Wat are isomers ? strate with 086 IPE gat a oteera aerate HARAT @SIKHBHARAT :“qth [PAC name nd orm seer and o cus nemeltre hyacrtns - on Prana fren ane shat ny ter oem comp inde reg ts Me : Gute som bend wong Ma (SSG Sm sath ard Rear lla roe (2 a cu ten easing ol Sed eet by ig ‘Ste tanita re mat a AL ses Soe - a . poem —— é pees trac wniemrmnaigeeemsen a ages nate = i ; 2 ee : 3 thes wan sce ea. et UPAC* name PYES = ns 1 cite OPAC ae poe SA Ho oe, ie) RCH Oca, 2 Oe cient es dg en Ie ete TUPAC name # ee - “fama ofthe bles inthe Dt of Baer en Wedd ie rng doe to «= You eet toe flame i ll the bole are een = as emia nn ‘a it Bow de you citorensnta bere norte and eM 218 “Sr Sa ot Coton recns* Steed trains tn with OO ayy of a ott @ os 5 el SIKHBHARY see a — aa ee | a el onl a eset. me mnt ae cr Gio ti( ma +H oe ses thre no sco aS tone thee in nao \creerinee dnalh? THY ethene dears bromine water, while ethane donne | "Tarai i Ban on end bo rae thc a, Papin he oven of then Pater mation give CH,Cl (methane @sSlert CHCL lr snd 2, jhe Sa a o ‘hte eld roeghotdation action Name he xe = ives CHC, fe unaaned bdrcarbon ? 2 ‘te aren) revel Me ‘ices mie ° iT stented hdrearbong undergo isl actin, Ther Be ree SSS fh endo teal bn abn si ene aan PM ie cen ea a mes thase and eee Inte aborts? Sonata Hydro Fores ‘as Wen fv dog tone ee on cn,» By —— Septem ga net er nna ae alt SR at ot ets bee a oe ee “sits, tron ene with ante os th Si ae 7 =, meat + 3B —+ CH “mi ts ‘ese oe Rh in et ee ete ‘sing gkreHaRaT —— Pe meeeae +8 ae SOS te ndneaon oD) fre considered healthy caepered te vale oaverted into vogstable dee? Nomen See te Tease ane ot (Sis Deer he i i of earton compounds with tse Sta tie fiat eta the ein, ‘casei ‘oe atom main, a sor ptm re ed up van ns @ oergen is added up io ethane by oidiing agent Ui ain pete eomenecte or aiid pots chro 6 te prod of the eaton i nol CO, smd water rr ma ot Heb mit a Oc + 0, ayaa (© Rive ale hc fm ne a prac of plas of 6! eran, + mS, ean, 2 Amite of myn and ei ha orn, Oo be Sega cnt : "tre wih ony gos emg bn atc ai se Hiihsettcrrhc ota tented chr mines tar hamng Sone wore ees oS nema nate et fi sao om af Dr cet et strc a than, sf aE thie treat at ee Fare, I 7°Gr epnion, hy samest mew Sr ee rental ia eee —— rrlea i olen compounds et 2 et ermal dere between a a - ein wt al prin citer! i ne byrne os By sob contain roa ro (OH wich ts nde waa al io, Rome te folowing somone: ty tag bron bending Seek earh dees hth BOO seal ea par of dking Roveragat Tt alo ued wt a vt PASS, To ake it nsuitable Gr drinking. certain poses eae QE gota ata oppor mpc ear ed Taal See ‘ang etiolated spirit is ethyl alcohol to which some meth akobol hasbeen adie! wo w iam eat oot : ee at wall you observe whe ‘a piee of sodium into ethane 7 sett coat ae oe msn Seheha' arog Soran aaa eae i Sst gr ala pa ae ee MC 243 2004 206 2010 mes a i 3 nk ny mien pin tacioni 1 diene of snd metal is poured over thane, vipat raion EAH + 20 A2. carcuio + on + 0 mie yaar md lh ch se ‘ewe lita te Coe act” ce ‘1 ne ould yn tet from ea rt ° GRO + axe —~ 200Ne + ernnca ft saa wih 0 seal ei “ho Se Sian atten |, ow wo on or he rn 2 By eee es ae Teague my ofr ree | wal Te waft gro npn a 05 gH a Sepia plamn aroma = ‘Sop or lahele fuga she compat pe HEHARAT —— IARATx coun ail Hy, tonal Rey cacao + 2 SES cxccom «0 Sac oleet Nave ee aaa Gorey hwnd wel we ae es Terre Reds Eee eee ee &.12 Why tea mtztare of water and alcohol used stead of water raiators ‘idem eld emees {2S of re a a mesh ve sn rt a "8. How would you test for an alcohol 7 * eee 2S aide ae a eT aie ae de pees Relist ee essineee” POOP oF nlcaholic group in the compound \ARAT se Den teeter CH CHOC, CH,OA thy akhe, whih Gee A's Bil abel on cna gat CEE Cu0. wate the name af ae ‘tein avenny 4 = Se & Mba reson emg te thal o ethene si sae ? Tartine atierntenggeneecee || (4 Rein nth da gen cel ‘oasesch a (cases eo ees A ie ee with tes eaten stom spose wei erase ss 0 xian te a ET flare CHO mation scotia and te delve i ea oh im ocr te of at thanol and ethanotc cid om the bas ot See Dining tere ane = ee _____ ry =—s si " Ee eel cams ten ‘ + Senate eatin ttt, a BS nt eet chee ae “Stren ntictttememttiee || eB oa ‘Lt St0pe of concantrated sulphuric scien rbot oe © alas te une Breer a Ree tibet | | he eye +10 De erm t OIE Tce pent ne. wee ae ee Dm © Mow we yn ag © hea ie cn 2 wt TELEGRAM + RNRfa coureunos ic conpoend A GEO on Ml dating B00 wh goa a 1 ion pc anahercmpd =e pace ra teen, | yessigeee evens AB anger STs | eeeoyp = awtptetin ce ce ae enwmentt aro. COT oe - Z on, woes cae oi nasi ca, os chalet denn op eta amo eh PEE ee a a opr? Ha eo eg Qin Poet an So ero see ete Pe po ening it mt B80, pc ethene ene mo, + oe 50, ping tin he tn. ‘A Band C and write the equation forthe reactions involved. (case i 2 ceramntaswacumionaiee SES | tx 2 uno os nt. ad canal Figg ito ie ate lowing rations? Write the coer Bed 2 10, —> 400, + HO + Bet + a 2 1, tt sind en tebe er tow Biss NOEs wah ome TS, gen etene which on bri a Onin =, x 4 sa” SHA Waar pts permanganas se tne oven a SS TELEGRAMSreowen Wate Pe Bevel oe dtintsh primey bee ool acu (cae nis 208207 {Mit he empound Rae eR APN tak ro 1 for ie react With ethane fm = = one Timeme [Rotman ola Bos Nee a Bd eet it Som 2 moles OO, a 3 0 taint cones “sme, compound © mart be ethane ett, + 70, —+ 400, + 640 + bat + BO rm ie ei te men tr in tha prc of Tae By soem eating 6 Rie on be eye - 1, REE be bain mele By rman ‘Te teat 10m of waar cach int tat tbe nn {A drop fel coking oil) to oth the fest tet el a ME mo = | "Tt ae ai few dpe ot om hin "pase aned wheal sed wih ont BO oe pi “Nor hk th hry i en of egon Seon Me a mic wd * cH,co0N etme te nd esr ns party th ett mh ea aoe out gelent Stes ap thang theme eh Bj oamtwatr de noe spar imi er SE ; ~ Mamiya sa SIKHBHARATecatmicad? "CBSE 2013216 7 cai "ae het 10 sof water ec oat es at ema A A dp of i kn ath eis el “7 teat tube B, add a fow drops of soup sotto. “Yow shake both eho tect tu ‘vgoroety for the sare pried cm: "0 ute aod teapot nb a ai ste. eu tpn hm? “aeene | oD end ated at pari nme ater abe Dn ETT Nalimidiy weet en BSIKHEHARAT (nat ap 7G same 1 on pt ayn eh la he mn nerd LETT rpm ke Mabe ty 1 Sake thet abn vn ora eg pra of ne ad over he eat ~ Bet tag a nye may show xi eho sci sas a af canton ov magnon hos ap nt tonne frm pepe wah pt wating cove 8 Sp rtf ater hd war Way? I why soap Se wasted when i cused wid pepsin, hy 2 ant wae 2 Stig lathe Popes ie 20 oe a ae 1 oO, t NSO pees loo + a gue rac ane + as C—O, am o “rs fT sees Yumelp "Te pe et te pepe ee el = rei as Mow docs soap help to wash the clther ? * o ‘Explain the cleansing action of som aes. _—_—BHARATip to make the grease oF othe ly mater 1 Sept le at i this Property of lle wth he fmatin fe gts ert ee detergents made with Linear ae go> Spute coin water bodies like lakes and rivers Hens’ snes’ @oemusl ty sd tn te wale enn, Se dnt cue POET ny dows wee af Ordinary Soap cae lation to kin? al Ipydrolyse in water and give NaOH wi 4 os oso not form scams with Ca or Me™ ions ‘ndinary soaps hydrolyse in water and give NsOH which causes ination to have better cleansing action These ao ® 5 1s soap cannot be sel im eric water Comment. ei goapa cannot be used in acidic water because theoe got preptatad a cecil adhere to fabrics, thereby even preventing tir deg ‘Dis Write your observation, if you dip a red litmus in soap solution (CBSE 2014 ‘kos Since soap is alkaline, its solution will tam red litmus blue (9.17 Suggest one method to remove temporary hardness of water. Ee (CBSE 2014) hardness can be removed if hard water is heated with sodium salt or in hard water “s Deserbe an activity to show the action of soup and detergent on hard water, (CBSE 2016, 2020, 220, 0.9 Write the advantages and disadvantages of using synthetic detergents ‘Ana. Advantages of detergents: © Use of vegetable oils (which can be used as food articles) is minimised Ans: Temporary Sad @ 18 Name the substances where chemical salts are present in: Disadvantages of synthetic detergents ‘Use-of synthetic detergent creates mater pollution because they are not easily bio-degradahle detergent (i) hard water ia) oop. (CBSE 2016) protect by microorgunisms. Use of detergents involves diminishing petroleum ‘Ans. (ii) Only hard water contains Ca’* and Mg” salts. @ 10.Difterentiate between soap and detergent through no TrYounelf any three differences : 1 (CBSE 2016, 2017, 2620, 222) (a) Scope cannot be wand with hard water. Why ? (h) Give the chemical composition of detergents. sania nie rs (©) Give one advantage of detergents over soaps. cos 1 Win wel wid ed waar pre foo @19(@) The structural formula of an ester is wasted eh bd water, eto oft is | 1. te forms water ond tt Sele Sie) nme eye mtr ee af 2 Bie q wt bog ot iH HEH ing alcobol and the Write the structural formula of the corresponding + List to problems that acid. ele ste dee to the use of detergent © Menti ‘ conditions invlved in cain e. ts instead of SOAP soit ntion the experimental cred HO bore case 2006 * from ethanol and write the chemical eq¥#Ho™ "cnsE 2) ‘©) Explain the cleaning action of s0aP: ee TELEGR: SIKHBHARAT