ARYAN INSTITUTE

SUBJECT : – PHYSICS
CLASS – XII
Maximum Time : 3:00 Hrs.

Maximum Marks  70
,

General Instructions :
1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. All the sections are compulsory.
4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each,
Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks
each, Section D contains two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three
long answer questions of five marks each.
5. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B,
one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E.
You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
6. Use of calculators is not allowed.
7. You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
i. c = 3  108 m/s ii. me 9.1  1031 kg iii. e = 1.6  1019 C
iv. μ0 40  10 TmA
7 7
v. h = 6.063  10 Js
34
vi. 0 = 8.854  1012 C2 N5 m
vii. Avogadro's number = 6.023  1023 per gram mole

SECTION - A
Q1. Which of the following is NOT a property of an equipotential surface ?
(a) They do not intersect each other.
(b) The work done in carrying a charge from one point to another on an equipotential surface is
zero. 1
(c) For a uniform electric field, they are concentric spheres
(d) They can be imaginary spheres

Q2. Which of the following graphs represents the variation of electric field (E) due to a thin charged
spherical shell of radius R as a function of the distance (r) from the centre of the shell ?

1
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Q3. The slope of the graph plotted between the frequency of incident light and sopping potential for a
given metal will be
1
(a) h (b) h / e (c) e (d) eh

Q4. Which of the following series of Hydrogen spectrum lie in the visible region ?
(a) Paschen (b) Pfund (c) Lyman (d) Balmer
1

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Q5. In the given figure, the electron enters into the magnetic field. It is deflected in
the direction
(a) + ve X direction (b)  ve X direction
(c)  ve Y direction (d) + ve Y direction 1

Q6. The relative magnetic permeability of a substance X is slightly less than unity and that of substance
Y is slightly more than unity, then
1
(a) X is diamagnetic and Y is paramagnetic (b) X is diamagnetic and Y is ferromagnetic
(c) X is paramagnetic and Y is ferromagnetic (d) X and Y both are paramagnetic

Q7. 100 A current is flowing through a long horizontal fixed wire. Vertically above and parallel to this
wire is another thin wire through which 20 A current flows in the same direction. The weight per unit
length of the upper wire is 0.04 N/m. At what distance above the fixed wire will the upper wire remain
1
suspended ?
(a) 103 m (b) 102 m (c) 0.1 m (d) 102 cm

Q8. W units of work is required to turn a magnetic needle lying parallel to a magnetic field by 60° angle.
Find the torque required to maintain the same position of the needle.
1
(a) W (b) 2W (c) W (d) W√3

Q9. The peak value of an alternating current is 14.14 A. If the frequency of the current is 50 Hz, find the
time the current takes in reaching its maximum value from zero. 1
(a) 0.02 sec (b) 0.005 sec (c) 0.006 sec (d) 0.01 sec
Q10. Electromagnetic waves are produced by
(a) an accelerated charge
(b) an oscillatory circuit, where charge oscillates across the capacitor plates
1
(c) an electron jumping from a higher energy orbit to a lower energy orbit of an atom
(d) all of the above

Q11. The induced emf across the terminals of a coil of self  inductance 40 mH, when the current flowing
through it is raised from 1A to 11 A in 4 millisecond is 1
(a) 40 V (b) 440 V (c) 100 V (d) 0.4 V

Q12. For the stability of any nucleus

(a) Binding energy per nucleon must be high
(b) Binding energy per nucleon must be low
1
(c) Number of electrons must be less
(d) Number of protons must be high

For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given  one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled
Reason(R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as given below :
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is NOT the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is true and Reason is false.
(d) If both the Assertion and the Reason are false

Q13. Assertion(A) : The minimum negative potential given to anode at which photoelectric current
becomes zero is called cutoff voltage.
Reason(R) : The minimum frequency of incident radiation below which no emission of
photoelectrons takes place is called the threshold frequency.

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Q14. Assertion(A) : The impurities in both n type and ptype semiconductors are atomic in nature.
Reason(R) : The hole density in valence band in ptype semiconductor is almost equal to the
acceptor density (Na) (Na = nh >> ne)

Q15. Assertion (A) : An electron has a higher potential energy when it is at a location associated with a
negative value of potential and has a lower potential energy when at a location
associated with a positive potential.
Reason(R) : Electron move from a region of higher potential to a region of lower potential.

Q16. Assertion (A) : Right angled isosceles glass prims are used as reflectors of light in optical
instruments.
Reason(R) : In total internal reflection, almost 100% of light is reflected against about 80% for
a silvered mirror.

SECTIONB
Q17. Define depletion region formed in a junction diode.
What is the effect on the width of the depletion region when the diode is
(a) Forward Biased (b) Reverse Biased
OR 2
Draw energy band diagram for an insulators and a conductors. Explain the difference between
conductivity of insulators and conductors on the basis of the energy band diagrams.

Q18. A proton and an a particle are accelerated through the same potential, which one of the two has (i)
Greater value of deBroglie wavelength (ii) lesser kinetic energy. Give reason to support your 2
answer.

Q19. A ray of light incident on one of the faces of a glass prism of angle A has angle of incidence 2A. The
refracted ray in the prism strikes the opposite face which is silvered. The reflected ray from it retraces
its path. Draw the ray diagram and find the relation between the refractive index of the material of 2
the prism and the angle of the prism.

Q20. Two wires A and B of the same material and having same length, have their cross sectional areas in
the ratio of 1 : 6. What would be the ratio of the heat produced in these wires when same voltage is
2
applied across each ?

Q21. Two thin convex lenses L₁ and L₂ of focal lengths f₁ and f2 respectively are place coaxially in contact.
An object is placed beyond the focus of lens L1. Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation by 2
the combination and hence derive an expression for the focal length of the combined system.

SECTION  C
Q22. Four hydrogen nuclei combine to form a helium nucleus. What is the name of this nuclear process ?
Calculate the amount of energy in MeV released in the process. Given
3
(i) Mass of 𝐻 = 1.007825 u (ii) Mass of helium nucleus = 4.002603 u and 1 u = 931 MeV/c².

Q23. A charge Q is distributed over two concentric hollow spheres of radii a and b (b> a) such that their
surface charge densities are equal. Find the potential at the common center of the spheres.
OR
A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is charged to a potential V. After disconnecting it from 3
the battery, a dielectric of dielectric constant K is inserted in it. The capacitor is further connected to
an uncharged capacitor of capacitance C. Find the ratio of the energy stored in the combination to the
initial energy of the single capacitor.

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Q24. The total energy of an electron in the first excited state of the hydrogen atom is about  3. 4eV.
(a) What is the kinetic energy of the electron in this state ?
(b) What is the potential energy of the electron in this state ? 3
(c) Which of the answers above would change if the choice of the zero of potential energy is
changed ?

Q25. The reading of an ideal ammeter, in the circuit shown

equals
(i) I when key K₁ is closed but key K₂ is open,
(ii) 1/2 when both keys K₁ and K2 are closed. Find 3
the expression for the resistance of X in terms
of the resistance R and S.

Q26. Write the expression for the force F acting on a particle of mass m and charge q moving with velocity
v in a magnetic field B.
Under what condition will the charge move in
3
(i) helical path (ii) Circular path
Show that the kinetic energy of the particle moving in a magnetic field remains constant.

Q27. Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths

(a) 1 are used to detect fractured bones
(b) 2 are absorbed by ozone layer 3
(c) 3 are used for remote sensing
Identify these waves and write one method of production of each of the above wavelengths.

Q28. (a) State the principle of working of a transformer.

(b) Out of the two types of windings shown in the diagram, which will be more efficient and
why ?

(c) Calculate the current drawn by the primary of a 90% efficient transformer which steps down
220 V to 22 V, if the output resistance is 440 Ω.

SECTION  D
CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS (each questions is of 4 marks)

Q29. A p  n junction allows current to pass only when it is forward biased. This property of diode is made
use of to rectify alternating voltages.
If an alternating voltage is applied across a diode in series with a load, the diode conducts only during
the half cycles of ac input during which the diode is forward biased. In the other half of a.c., the diode 4
is reverse biased and it does not conduct blocking the output.
Rectifiers are of two types
(i) Half wave (ii) Full wave.

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 Output of a full wave rectifier is unidirectional but it does not have a steady value. To get a steady
d.c. output, a filter circuit is used.

(i) A rectifier is an electronic arrangement, which

(a) Coverts alternating signal to unidirectional signal
(b) Converts direct current to an alternating signal
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Removes the fluctuations in the a.c. signal
(ii) A p  n junction diode has a resistance of 20 Ω when forward biased and 2  105 Ω when reverse
biased. The current in the diode for the arrangement shown here will be

(a) 0.4A (b) 1/6 A (c) 0.1 A (d) 25µA

(iii) Which of the diagram correctly shows a half wave rectifier ?

(iv) An A.C. of frequency 50 Hz is supplied to a full wave rectifier. The frequency of the output is
(a) 25 Hz (b) 50 Hz (c) 100 Hz (d) zero

Q30. When an object is placed normally on the principal axis of a spherical mirror at a distance 'u' from its
pole, its image is formed at a distance 'v' from the pole of mirror such that
1 1 1
𝑣 𝑢 𝑓
Where f is the focal length of the mirror.
This relation is called mirror formula and is valid for all types of mirrors under all conditions. The
ratio 𝑚 is called the magnification of the image.
(i) For a given aperture, the field of view is maximum for
(a) Plane mirror (b) Concave mirror
(c) convex mirror (d) Its same for all mirrors
(ii) In a concave mirror, a real object is placed at a distance x1 from the focus and its real image
is formed at a distance x2 from the focus. The focal length of the mirror is given as
(a) 𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 (b) 𝑓 √𝑥 𝑥 (c) 𝑓 (d) 𝑓
(iii) A concave mirror of focal length f, in air is immersed in water of refractive index n = 4/3. The
focal length of mirror in water will be
(a) 𝑓 (b) 4𝑓 / 3 (c) 3𝑓 / 4 (d) 7𝑓 / 3

(iv) A convex mirror of focal length f forms an image which is 1/n times the object. The distance
of the object from the mirror is
(a) 𝑛 1 𝑓 (b) 𝑓 (c) 𝑓 (d) 𝑛 1 𝑓

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 SECTION  E
Q31. (i) Define a wave front.
(ii) Using Huygen's principle, verify the law of reflection at a plane surface.
(iii) A parallel beam of light of wavelength 600 nm is incident normally on a slit of width ‘d’. If
the distance between the slit and the screen is 0.8 m and the width of the central maxima is
4.8 mm, calculate the width of the slit.
(iv) For interference of light in Young's double slit experiment, draw graph showing variation
of intensity with phase difference.
OR
(i) Draw a labelled ray diagram of a compound microscope when final image is formed at least 5
distance of distinct vision.
(ii) Write the expression for its magnifying power.
(iii) A giant refracting telescope at an observatory has an objective lens of focal length 15m and
an eye piece of focal length 1.0 cm. The telescope is used to view the moon. What is the
diameter of the image of the moon formed by the objective lens? The diameter of the moon
is 3.48  106 m and the radius of the lunar orbit is 3.8  108 m.
(iv) Why is the objective lens of a telescope of larger aperture and larger focal length ?

Q32. (i) Derive the expression for the potential energy of an electric dipole placed in a uniform electric
field.
(ii) In which orientation, a dipole placed in a uniform electric field is in (a) stable (b) unstable
equilibrium.
(iii) An electric dipole with dipole-moment 4  109 Cm is aligned at 30° with direction of a
uniform electric field of magnitude 5  104 N/C. Calculate the magnitude of the torque acting
on the dipole.
OR
5
(i) Derive an expression for the electric field due to linear charge distribution with charge per
unit length  at a radial distance r from the distribution.
(ii) A point charge causes an electric flux of 1.0  103 Nm²/C to pass through a spherical
Gaussian surface of 10.0 cm radius centred on the charge.
(a) If the radius of the Gaussian surface were doubled, how much flux would pass through
the surface ?
(b) What is the value of the point charge ?

Q33. (i) An a.c. source of voltage V = Vo sin t is connected to a series combination of L, C and R.
Draw the phasor diagram. Using the phasor diagram, obtain the expression for impedance of
the circuit and phase angle between voltage and current. Find the condition when current will
be in phase with the voltage. What is the circuit in this condition called ?
(ii) In a series LR circuit, XL = R and power factor of the circuit is P₁. When the capacitor with
capacitance C such that XL = Xc is put in series, the power factor is P2. Calculate P1/P2.

OR
5
A device is connected across an a.c. source of voltage V = Vo sin t. The current through the device
is given as I = I0 sin(ωt + π/2).
(i) Identify the device and give reason for your answer.
(ii) Write the expression for the quantity X = ratio of Voltage to current.
(iii) Draw graph showing variation of voltage and current with time over one cycle of a.c. for the
device.
(ii) Show graphically the variation of quantity X with frequency of the A.C. supply.
(iii) Draw the phasor diagram for the device.

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