General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in total. All questions are compulsory

2. This question paper has five sections A to E.
3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of
1 mark each. Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each and Section D contains two case study-based questions of
four marks each and Section E contains three questions of five marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question
in Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in section D and all three
questions of five marks each.
5. Use of calculator is not permitted.
6. You may use the following physical constants wherever necessary:
c= 3×108 m/s Mass of electron = 9.1 × 10-31 Kg
h= 6.6 × 10-34Js Mass of neutron = 1.67 × 10-27 Kg
e= 1.6 × 10-19 C Boltzmann’s constant = 1.38 × 10-23 J/K
µ0 = 4Π × 10-7 TmA-1 Avogadro Number = 6.023 × 1023 /mol

PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION 2024-2025

CLASS XII
PHYSICS (042)
Time allowed: 3 Hours SET - 1 M.M.: 70
SECTION - A
Q1. A, B and C are three points in a uniform electric field. The potential is

(a) maximum at A (b) maximum at B (c) maximum at C (d) same at all the three
points A, B and C.
Q2. Two charged spheres A and B having their radii in the ratio 1:2 are connected together
with a conducting wire. The ratio of their surface charge densities ( σ1/σ2) will be :
(a) ½ (b) 2/1 (c) 1/4 (d) 4
Q3.A long straight wire of circular cross section of radius ҅a᾿ carries a steady current I. The
current is uniformly distributed across its cross section. The ratio of magnitudes of the magnetic
field at a point a/2 above the surface of wire to that of a point a/2 below its surface is
(a) 1:1 (b) 2: (c) 4:3 (d) 2:9
Q4. What is the essential condition for diffraction of light to occur?
(a) The size of the aperture must be less as compared to the wavelength of light.
(b) The size of the aperture must be more as compared to the wavelength of light.
(c) The size of the aperture must be comparable to the wavelength of light.
(d) The size of the aperture should not be compared to the wavelength of light.

Q5. Out of the following options which one can be used to produce a propagating
electromagnetic wave?
(a) A chargeless particle (b) An accelerating charge
(c) A charge moving at constant velocity (d) A stationary charge.
Q6. In an ac circuit, an inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are connected in series with
XL= XC. Impedance of this circuit is:
(a) 2R2 (b) Zero (c ) R (d) R√2
Q7. Correct match of column I with column II is
column I ( E.M. wave) column II (Use)
1.Infrared Waves P. Absorbed by the ozone layer of the
atmosphere.
2. Radio Waves Q. To detect fracture of bones
3. X-Rays R. To treat muscular strain/pain.
4. Ultraviolet Rays S. For broadcasting

(a) 1-P, 2-R, 3-S, 4-Q (b) 1-R, 2-S, 3-Q, 4-P (c) 1-S, 2-R, 3-P, 4-Q (d) 1-Q, 2-R, 3-S, 4-P
Q8. The given diagram shows four energy levels of an electron in Bohr model of hydrogen
atom. Identify the transition in which the emitted photon will have the highest energy.

(a) I (b) II (c) III (d) IV

Q9. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is -13. 6 eV. What are the kinetic and
potential energies of the electron in this state?
(a) KE =13.6, PE = +27.2 eV
(b) KE = -13.6, PE = +27.2 eV
(c) KE = +13.6, PE = -27.2 eV
(d) KE = -13.6, PE = - 27.2 eV

Q10. In a Young’s double- slit experiment, the fringe width is found is 1.2 mm. If the entire
arrangement is placed in water of refractive index 4/3, then the new fringe width becomes (in
mm)
(a) 1.6 (b) 0.9 (c) 4.8 (d) 1.2
Q11. The barrier potential of a p-n junction depends on
I. Type of semiconducting material II. Amount of doping III. Temperature
Which one of the following is correct?
(a) I and II only (b) II only (c) II and III only (d) I, II and III
Q12. If a copper wire is stretched to make it 0.1% longer, the percentage change in its
resistance is
(a) 0.25 % decrease ( b) 0.05 % increase (c) 0.05% decrease
(d) 0.2% increase
For questions 13 to 16, two statements are given, one labelled as Assertion (A) and other
labelled as Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true and Reason is false.
(d) If Assertion is false and Reason is true.
(e) If both Assertion and Reason are false
Q13. Assertion (A): In N -type semiconductor, number density of electrons is greater than the
number density of holes but the crystal maintains an overall charge neutrality.
Reason (R): The charge of electrons donated by donor atoms is just equal and opposite in that
of the ionised donor.
Q14. Assertion (A): The binding energy per nucleon for nuclei with atomic mass number 120
gradually decreases with increase in atomic mass number.
Reason (R): Heavier nuclei can undergo nuclear fission.
Q15. Assertion (A): The poles of a bar magnet cannot be separated.
Reason (R) : Magnetic monopoles do not exist.
Q16. Assertion (A): In a hydrogen atom, the radius of the nth orbit is directly proportional to
the quantum number ‘n’.
Reason (R): The speed of electron in nth orbit is inversely proportional to the quantum
number ’n’.
SECTION B
Q17. Light of wavelength 2000Ȧ falls on a metal surface of work function 4.2eV. What is the
kinetic energy (in eV) of the fastest electrons emitted from the surface?
Q18. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths, 800 nm and 600 nm is used to obtain the
interference fringes in a Young’s double slit experiment on a screen placed 1.4 m away. If the
two slits are separated by 0.28 mm, calculate the least distance from the central bright
maximum where the bright fringes of the two wavelengths coincides.
OR
In a single slit diffraction pattern, how does the angular width of central maximum change,
when (i) slit width is increased. (ii) distance between the slit and screen is increased?
Q19. Two parallel long straight wires at distance d apart carry a current I in the same
direction as shown in the diagram. Find the net magnetic field (a) midway between the wires
(b) at points P and Q

Q20. Draw a graph to show variation of binding energy per nucleon with mass number of
different atomic nuclei. Use this graph to explain the portion of graph suitable for fission and
fusion reactions and justify your answer.
Q21. Show that the current flowing through an ideal inductor connected across a.c. source
lags behind the voltage in phase by π/2.Also explain why the reactance offered by an inductor
increases with increasing frequency of an alternating voltage.
SECTION -C
Q22.What is meant by doping of an intrinsic semiconductor? Distinguish between P-type and
N-type semiconductors on the basis of energy band diagram.
Q23. (i) With the help of a suitable example show that one farad is a very big unit for
capacitance.
(ii) Why does the capacitance of a parallel plates capacitor increase, on introducing a
dielectric medium between its two plates?
(iii) 27 identical drops of mercury are charged simultaneously with the same potential of
10volt. Assuming the drop to be spherical, if all the drops are made to combine to form
one large drop, then find the potential of the bigger drop.
Q24. (i) State the condition which must be satisfied for two light sources to be coherent.

(ii) Sketch the variation of intensity of the interference pattern obtained in Young’s
double–slit experiment.

Q25. (a) Draw circuit diagram to study characteristics of a p-n junction in (i) forward bias,
(ii) reverse bias.

(b) Draw the V-I characteristics for a forward bias as well as reverse bias.
OR

(a) Name the device which utilizes unidirectional action of a p-n diode to convert ac into d.c.
(b) Draw the circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier.

Q26. A uniform magnetic field gets modified as shown in figure when two specimens A and B are
placed in it.

(i) Identify the specimens A and B.

(ii) How is the magnetic susceptibility of specimen A different from that of specimen B?

(iii) Which specimen’s magnetic property is independent of temperature?

Q27. Draw a ray diagram for the formation of image by a compound microscope. Why is
objective of a microscope of short aperture and short focal length? Give reason

Q28. (a) State Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics.

(b) Using it, prove that the electric field at a point due to a uniformly charged infinite
plane sheet is independent of the distance from it. How is the field directed if the sheet is
(i) positively charged? (ii) negatively charged?
OR
(a) What is electrostatic shielding? How is this property used in actual practice? Is the
potential in the cavity of a charged conductor zero?
(b) Two parallel plate capacitors A and B have the same area of plates and same separation
between them. A has air between the plates while B contains a dielectric medium Ͼ (dielectric
constant) = 4

(i) Calculate the capacitance of each capacitor if the equivalent capacitance of the
combination is 4μF.
(ii) Calculate the potential difference of the plates A and B.
SECTION D
CASE STUDY 1
Q29. The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which electrons are ejected from the
surface of a metal when light is incident on it. These ejected electrons are
called photoelectrons. It is important to note that the emission of photoelectrons and the
kinetic energy of the ejected photoelectrons is dependent on the frequency of the light that is
incident on the metal’s surface. The process through which photoelectrons are ejected from
the surface of the metal due to the action of light is commonly referred to as photoemission.

Questions:
Q1) Which of the following is not true about photoelectric emission?
a) For a given emitter illuminated by light of a given frequency, the number of photoelectrons
emitted per second is proportional to the intensity of incident light.
b) For every emitter there is a definite threshold frequency below which no photoelectrons
are emitted, no matter what the intensity of light is.
c) Above the threshold frequency, the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons is
proportional to the frequency of incident light.
d) The saturation value of the photoelectric current is independent of the intensity of incident
light.
Q2) When photons of energy hν are incident on the surface of photoelectric material of work
function hν0 , then
(a)the kinetic energy of all emitted electrons is hν0 .
 (b) the kinetic energy of all emitted electrons is h(ν -ν0 ).
(c) the kinetic energy of all fastest electrons is h( ν +ν0 ).
(d) the kinetic energy of all emitted electrons is hν.
Q3. The following graph shows the variation of photoelectric current with anode potential for
two light beams of same frequency but of different intensities. Then

a) I1 > I2
b) I1 = I2
c) I1 < I2
d) No relation between I1 and I2

Q4) What is the effect on threshold frequency and stopping potential on increasing the
frequency of incident beam of light?
OR
Q4) If the intensity of incident radiation on a metal is doubled, what happens to the kinetic
energy of electrons emitted?

CASE STUDY 2
Q30. When a charged particle having charge q and velocity ‘v’ enters a magnetic field B, it
experiences a force F= q(vXB). The direction of this force is perpendicular to both v and B
and the magnitude of this force is F= qvBsinθ
When the initial velocity is parallel to the magnetic field, this field does not exert any force
on the moving particle. The charged particle will continue to move along the line of force.
But if the initial velocity is perpendicular to the magnetic field, then force will be maximum
and the particle will move in the circular path. But if the initial velocity makes an arbitrary
angle with the field direction, then the path of the moving charge will be helical.
Q1. The time period of a charged particle undergoing a circular motion in a uniform magnetic
field is independent of its
(i) Speed (ii) mass (iii) charge (iv) magnetic induction
Q2. If an electron and a proton having same momentum enter perpendicularly to a magnetic
field, then
(i) curved path of electron and proton will be same (ignoring the sense of revolution)
(ii) they will move undeflected
 (iii) curved path of electron is more curved than that of proton.
(iv) path of proton is more curved.
Q3. A charged particle of mass m and charge q moves along a circular path of radius r that is
perpendicular to a magnetic field B. The time taken by the particle to complete one revolution
is
(i) 2πmq/B (ii) 2πBq2/m (iii) 2πBq/m (iv) 2πm/qB
Q4. Two protons of equal kinetic energies enter a region of uniform magnetic field. The first
proton enters normal to the field direction while the second enters at 30ᴼ to the field direction.
The kind of trajectories followed by them respectively:
(i) Helical, circular (ii) Circular, circular (iii) circular, helical (iv) both have straight
path.
OR
What are the factors on which force experienced by a current carrying conductor
in an external field depend?
SECTION E
Q 31. (a) In a meter bridge experimental set up, the null point D is obtained at a distance of
40 cm from end A of the meter bridge wire. If a resistance of 10Ω is connected in series with
R1 null point is obtained at AD= 60cm.Calculate the value of R1and R2.

(b) Plot the graphs for showing the variation of current with voltage for (i) GaAs (ii) For
semiconductor diode.
OR
(i) Sketch a graph of resistivity versus temperature for a semiconductor.
(ii) A toaster produces more heat than a light bulb when connected in parallel in the
220V mains. Which has greater resistance?
(iii) The emf of a cell is always greater than its terminal voltage. Why?
(iv) Why are constantan or manganin wires generally used for making resistance
coils?
(v) Write two differences between the emf and terminal potential difference of a cell.

Q 32 (a) Draw a labelled diagram of AC generator. Derive the expression for the
instantaneous value of the emf induced in the coil.

(b) A horizontal conducting rod 10m long extending from east to west is falling with a speed
5ms-1at right angles to the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field0.3 x 10-4 Wbm-
2
. Find the instantaneous value of the emf induced in the coil.

OR
(a) Name an electrical device for converting an a.c. of high voltage into an a.c. of the low voltage and
vice versa.
 (b) In a step up transformer, the turns ratio is 1:2. A Leclanché cell (emf 1.52V) is connected
across the primary. Find the voltage across the secondary.
(c) A step down transformer operates at 220V and supplies a load current of 10A.The ratio of
primary and secondary windings is 10: 1. Find the (i) voltage across the secondary coil (ii) the
current in the primary coil and (iii) output power.
Q 33 (a) Write two necessary conditions for total internal reflection.
(b) Three rays (1, 2, 3) of different colours fall normally on one of the sides of an
isosceles right-angled prism as shown. The refractive index of prism for these rays is
1.39, 1.47 and 1.52 respectively. Find which of these rays get internally reflected and
which get only refracted from AC. Trace the paths of rays. Justify your answer with the
help of necessary calculations.

OR
(a) Draw a labelled diagram of refracted type telescope on normal adjustment.
(b) Give its two shortcomings over reflecting type telescope.