Scribd
Upload
19 views11 pages

Physics Project

This document summarizes a physics project on the charging and discharging of a capacitor in an RC circuit. The project includes an introduction explaining the fundamentals of RC circuits, an experiment section detailing the circuit setup and procedure, observations recorded for different resistances, and conclusions. The charging and discharging processes follow exponential curves and are governed by the resistance and capacitance values. The time taken for the capacitor voltage to reach 63.2% and 36.8% of its maximum is recorded for analysis.

Uploaded by

Leo Messi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views11 pages

Physics Project

This document summarizes a physics project on the charging and discharging of a capacitor in an RC circuit. The project includes an introduction explaining the fundamentals of RC circuits, an experiment section detailing the circuit setup and procedure, observations recorded for different resistances, and conclusions. The charging and discharging processes follow exponential curves and are governed by the resistance and capacitance values. The time taken for the capacitor voltage to reach 63.2% and 36.8% of its maximum is recorded for analysis.

Uploaded by

Leo Messi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

PHYSICS PROJECT

TOPIC:
Charging And Discharging Of Capacitor In
a RC Circuit
INDEX

Sl.no CONTENTS PAGE no.

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3

2 INTRODUCTION 4-5

3 EXPERIMENT 6-9

4 CONCLUSIONS 10

5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 11
Acknowledgement
I express my sincere gratitude to all those who have
contributed to the successful completion of my physics
project on the "Charging and Discharging of Capacitor
in RC Circuit." I would like to extend my heartfelt
thanks to our Physics teacher, Mr. Arjun Raj. R, for his
invaluable guidance and support throughout this
project. His expertise and encouragement have been
instrumental in deepening my understanding of the
subject.

I am also thankful to our respected Principal Prof.


Sunny Francis, whose continuous support and
encouragement create an environment conducive to
learning and exploration. The opportunity to undertake
this project has enhanced my knowledge of electrical
circuits, and I am grateful for the resources provided
by the school.

Finally, I appreciate the encouragement and


understanding of my classmates, as well as the support
from my family, which made this learning journey even
more enriching. This project has been a valuable
experience, and I look forward to applying the
knowledge gained in future academic endeavours.
Introduction
The charging and discharging of a resistor-capacitor
(RC) circuit is a fundamental electrical phenomenon
that plays a crucial role in various electronic
applications. This process involves the transfer of
electrical energy between a capacitor and a resistor
within a circuit. Understanding the dynamics of
charging and discharging in an RC circuit is essential for
engineers, physicists, and electronics enthusiasts, as it
forms the basis for many electronic systems and
devices.

In a simple RC circuit, a resistor and a capacitor are


connected in series or parallel. The capacitor, which
stores electrical charge, undergoes a process known as
charging when connected to a voltage source. During
charging, the capacitor accumulates charge and builds
up voltage across its terminals. This process follows an
exponential growth curve, and the rate of charging is
influenced by the resistance and capacitance values in
the circuit.

Conversely, when the capacitor is disconnected from


the voltage source and connected to a resistor, it
undergoes discharging. Discharging involves the release
of stored electrical energy in the capacitor through the
resistor. Similar to charging, the discharging process
follows an exponential decay curve, and the rate of
discharge is determined by the resistance and
capacitance values in the circuit.

The time constants associated with charging and


discharging, often denoted as τ, are crucial
parameters that define the rate at which these
processes occur. The time constant is calculated as the
product of resistance and capacitance (τ=R X C), and
it represents the time required for the voltage across
the capacitor to reach approximately 63.2% of its final
value during charging or to decrease to 36.8% during
discharging.

The charging and discharging of RC circuits find


applications in various electronic systems, including
signal filtering, time-delay circuits, pulse shaping, and
energy storage devices. Engineers use these principles
to design circuits that exhibit specific time-dependent
behaviours, enabling precise control of electronic
signals.

In summary, the charging and discharging of an RC


circuit is a dynamic process governed by the interplay
of resistance and capacitance. It is a fundamental
concept with broad applications in electronics,
contributing to the functionality of numerous
electronic devices and systems.
EXPERIMENT
AIM:
To understand the basics of charging and discharging in an RC circuit.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
1. 1000µF Capacitor
2. Resistance Box
3. Battery Eliminator (6v-8v battery)
4. Voltmeter
5. Three-Way Key
6. Connecting Wires
7. Stopwatch

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:

Charging Phase:
1. Connect the positive terminal of the battery eliminator to one end
of the three-way key.
2. Connect the other end of the three-way key to one terminal of
the resistor in the resistance box.
3. Connect the other terminal of the resistor to one terminal of the
capacitor.
4. Connect the other terminal of the capacitor to the negative
terminal of the battery eliminator.
5. Connect the voltmeter in parallel to the capacitor to measure the
voltage during charging.

Discharging Phase:

1. Keep the capacitor disconnected from the power supply.


2. Connect one end of the resistor to one terminal of the capacitor.
3. Connect the other end of the resistor to one end of the three-
way key.
4. Connect the other end of the three-way key to the positive
terminal of the battery eliminator.
5. Connect the negative terminal of the battery eliminator to the
other terminal of the capacitor.
6. Connect the voltmeter in parallel to the capacitor to measure the
voltage during discharging.

PROCEDURE:

Charging:
1. Close the three-way key to initiate charging.
2. Measure and record the initial voltage across the capacitor.
3. Record the time taken for the voltage to reach approximately
63.2% of the maximum voltage.
4. Open the three-way key to stop charging.

Discharging:
1. Close the three-way key to initiate discharging.
2. Measure and record the initial voltage across the capacitor.
3. Record the time taken for the voltage to decrease to
approximately 36.8% of the initial voltage.
4. Open the three-way key to stop discharging.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

`
OBSERVATIONS:
Observation Resistance Charging Charging Discharging Discharging
Number (Ω) Time Voltage Time Voltage

1 500 10 seconds 7.8 V 15 seconds 6.1 V

2 750 15 seconds 6.5 V 20 seconds 4.5 V

3 1000 20 seconds 5.2 V 25 seconds 3.8 V

4 1250 25 seconds 4.0 V 30 seconds 2.5 V

5 1500 30 seconds 3.1 V 35 seconds 1.8 V

GRAPH:

Voltage VS Time Graph


Time on X-Axis and Voltage on Y-Axis
CALCULATIONS:

The potential difference (voltage) across a charging or discharging


capacitor in an RC circuit can be described by the following equations:

Charging Phase:
The voltage across the capacitor during the charging phase can be
expressed by the formula:

Where:
V(t) is the voltage across the capacitor at time
V0 is the initial voltage across the capacitor.
R is the resistance in ohms.
C is the capacitance in farads.
t is the time in seconds.

Discharging Phase:
The voltage across the capacitor during the discharging phase can be
expressed by the formula:

Where:
V(t) is the voltage across the capacitor at time
V0 is the initial voltage across the capacitor.
R is the resistance in ohms.
C is the capacitance in farads.
t is the time in seconds.
CONCLUSION

 The Charge accumulation in the capacitor


depends upon resistances and voltages as
known.

 There is a sudden ride in voltage at the first


segment while charging.

 There is voltage drop in the first segment


of discharging.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 google.com
 wikipedia.org
 byjus.com
 youtube.com
 Physics NCERT Book for XII

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy