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Physics Project Amla

The document discusses charging and discharging of a capacitor in an RC circuit. It describes how the capacitor charges exponentially when connected to a voltage source and discharges exponentially when disconnected. Time constants, which depend on the resistance and capacitance, determine the time for the capacitor voltage to reach 63.2% of maximum during charging or drop to 36.8% during discharging. The document presents the results of an experiment to observe charging and discharging curves at different resistances and calculate time constants.

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Leo Messi
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39 views11 pages

Physics Project Amla

The document discusses charging and discharging of a capacitor in an RC circuit. It describes how the capacitor charges exponentially when connected to a voltage source and discharges exponentially when disconnected. Time constants, which depend on the resistance and capacitance, determine the time for the capacitor voltage to reach 63.2% of maximum during charging or drop to 36.8% during discharging. The document presents the results of an experiment to observe charging and discharging curves at different resistances and calculate time constants.

Uploaded by

Leo Messi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

TOPIC:

Charging And Discharging Of


Capacitor In a RC Circuit
Sl.no CONTENTS PAGE no.

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3

2 INTRODUCTION 4-5

3 EXPERIMENT 6-9

4 CONCLUSIONS 10

5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 11
I express my sincere gratitude to all those who have
contributed to the successful completion of my physics project
on the "Charging and Discharging of Capacitor in RC Circuit." I
would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to our Physics
teacher, Mr. Arjun Raj. R, for his invaluable guidance and
support throughout this project. His expertise and
encouragement have been instrumental in deepening my
understanding of the subject.

I am also thankful to our respected Principal Prof. Sunny


Francis, whose continuous support and encouragement create
an environment conducive to learning and exploration. The
opportunity to undertake this project has enhanced my
knowledge of electrical circuits, and I am grateful for the
resources provided by the school.

Finally, I appreciate the encouragement and understanding of


my classmates, as well as the support from my family, which
made this learning journey even more enriching. This project
has been a valuable experience, and I look forward to applying
the knowledge gained in future academic endeavours.
The charging and discharging of a resistor-capacitor (RC)
circuit represent a fundamental electrical phenomenon with
vital roles in diverse electronic applications. This process
entails the exchange of electrical energy between a capacitor
and a resistor within the circuit, forming a cornerstone for
numerous electronic systems and devices. Understanding the
dynamics of charging and discharging in an RC circuit is
imperative for engineers, physicists, and electronics
enthusiasts.

In a basic RC circuit, a resistor and a capacitor are linked in


series or parallel. When connected to a voltage source, the
capacitor undergoes charging, accumulating charge and
developing voltage across its terminals. Charging follows an
exponential growth curve, with the rate influenced by
resistance and capacitance values. Conversely, discharging
occurs when the capacitor, disconnected from the voltage
source, releases stored energy through the resistor. This
process, like charging, follows an exponential decay curve.

Time constants (τ) associated with charging and discharging


are pivotal, denoting the time for voltage to reach 63.2%
(charging) or drop to 36.8% (discharging). Calculated as the
product of resistance and capacitance (τ = R x C), these
constants are crucial parameters.

Applications of RC circuits include signal filtering, time-delay


circuits, pulse shaping, and energy storage devices. Engineers
leverage these principles to design circuits with precise time-
dependent behaviors, facilitating control of electronic signals.

In essence, the charging and discharging of an RC circuit,


driven by resistance and capacitance interplay, are
foundational concepts with widespread relevance in
electronics, significantly impacting the functionality of various
electronic devices and systems.
AIM:
To understand the basics of charging and discharging in an RC circuit.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
1. 1000µF Capacitor
2. Resistance Box
3. Battery Eliminator (6v-8v battery)
4. Voltmeter
5. Three-Way Key
6. Connecting Wires
7. Stopwatch

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:

Charging Phase:
1. Connect the positive terminal of the battery eliminator to one end of the three-way
key.
2. Connect the other end of the three-way key to one terminal of the resistor in the
resistance box.
3. Connect the other terminal of the resistor to one terminal of the capacitor.
4. Connect the other terminal of the capacitor to the negative terminal of the battery
eliminator.
5. Connect the voltmeter in parallel to the capacitor to measure the voltage during
charging.

Discharging Phase:

1. Keep the capacitor disconnected from the power supply.


2. Connect one end of the resistor to one terminal of the capacitor.
3. Connect the other end of the resistor to one end of the three-way key.
4. Connect the other end of the three-way key to the positive terminal of the battery
eliminator.
5. Connect the negative terminal of the battery eliminator to the other terminal of the
capacitor.
6. Connect the voltmeter in parallel to the capacitor to measure the voltage during
discharging.

PROCEDURE:

Charging:
1. Close the three-way key to initiate charging.
2. Measure and record the initial voltage across the capacitor.
3. Record the time taken for the voltage to reach approximately 63.2% of the maximum
voltage.
4. Open the three-way key to stop charging.

Discharging:
1. Close the three-way key to initiate discharging.
2. Measure and record the initial voltage across the capacitor.
3. Record the time taken for the voltage to decrease to approximately 36.8% of the
initial voltage.
4. Open the three-way key to stop discharging.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

`
OBSERVATIONS:
Observation Resistance Charging Charging Discharging Discharging
Number (Ω) Time Voltage Time Voltage

1 500 10 seconds 7.8 V 15 seconds 6.1 V

2 750 15 seconds 6.5 V 20 seconds 4.5 V

3 1000 20 seconds 5.2 V 25 seconds 3.8 V

4 1250 25 seconds 4.0 V 30 seconds 2.5 V

5 1500 30 seconds 3.1 V 35 seconds 1.8 V

GRAPH:
Voltage VS Time Graph
Time on X-Axis and Voltage on Y-Axis
CALCULATIONS:

The potential difference (voltage) across a charging or discharging capacitor in an RC


circuit can be described by the following equations:

Charging Phase:
The voltage across the capacitor during the charging phase can be expressed by the
formula:

Where:
V(t) is the voltage across the capacitor at time
V0 is the initial voltage across the capacitor.
R is the resistance in ohms.
C is the capacitance in farads.
t is the time in seconds.

Discharging Phase:
The voltage across the capacitor during the discharging phase can be expressed by the
formula:

Where:
V(t) is the voltage across the capacitor at time
V0 is the initial voltage across the capacitor.
R is the resistance in ohms.
C is the capacitance in farads.
t is the time in seconds.
 The Charge accumulation in the capacitor
depends upon resistances and voltages as
known.

 There is a sudden ride in voltage at the first


segment while charging.

 There is voltage drop in the first segment of


discharging.
 google.com
 wikipedia.org
 byjus.com
 youtube.com
 Physics NCERT Book for XII

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