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GENERATORS

An ac generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy through electromagnetic induction. It consists of an armature coil that rotates in a magnetic field, producing an alternating current in the coil. Slip rings and brushes connected to the coil output this alternating current. In contrast, a dc generator uses a commutator instead of slip rings to reverse the direction of the induced current each half cycle, producing a direct current for the load.

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24 views2 pages

GENERATORS

An ac generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy through electromagnetic induction. It consists of an armature coil that rotates in a magnetic field, producing an alternating current in the coil. Slip rings and brushes connected to the coil output this alternating current. In contrast, a dc generator uses a commutator instead of slip rings to reverse the direction of the induced current each half cycle, producing a direct current for the load.

Uploaded by

rizwansiddiqui1970
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ac Generator/Alternator/Dynamo

An electrical machine used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy


is known as ac generator/alternator.
(1) Principle : It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction i.e., when
a coil is rotated in uniform magnetic field, an induced emf is produced in it.
(2) Construction : The main components
B C
of ac generator are
(i) Armature : Armature coil (ABCD)
consists of large number of turns of insulated
copper wire wound over a soft iron core.
(ii) Strong field magnet : A strong
permanent magnet or an electromagnet N A D S

whose poles (N and S) are cylindrical in 1 B


shape in a field magnet. The armature coil R 1

rotates between the pole pieces of the field


magnet. The uniform magnetic field R
L Output

provided by the field magnet is


R
perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the 2
2 B
coil.
Fig. 23.24
(iii) Slip rings : The two ends of the
armature coil are connected to two brass slip rings R1 and R2. These rings rotate
along with the armature coil.
(iv) Brushes : Two carbon brushes (B1 and B2), are pressed against the slip rings.
The brushes are fixed while slip rings rotate along with the armature. These brushes
are connected to the load through which the output is obtained.
(3) Working : When the armature coil ABCD rotates in the magnetic field
provided by the strong field magnet, it cuts the magnetic lines of force. Thus the
magnetic flux linked with the coil changes and hence induced emf is set up in the
coil. The direction of the induced emf or the current in the coil is determined by the
Fleming’s right hand rule.
The current flows out through the brush B1 in one direction of half of the
revolution and through the brush B2 in the next half revolution in the reverse
direction. This process is repeated. Therefore, emf produced is of alternating nature.
Nd 
e=− = NBA  sin t = e0 sint where e0 = NBA
dt

i=
e
R
e
= 0 sin t = i0 sin t
R
R → Resistance of the circuit
dc Generator
If the current produced by the generator is direct current, then the generator is
called dc generator.
dc generator consists of
(i) Armature (coil)
(ii) Magnet
(iii) Commutator
(iv) Brushes
In dc generator commutator is used in place of slip rings. The commutator rotates
along with the coil so that in every cycle when direction of ‘e’ reverses, the
commutator also reverses or makes contact with the other brush so that in the
external load the current remains in the same direction giving dc

Armature (Coil)

S
N

Commutator
Brushes

+
–

Load

Fig. 23.25

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