GURUKUL PUBLIC SCHOOL, KAWARDHA

MARATHAN CLASS (I) 10/09/2023 (SUNDAY)

BY L.K. SHUKLA SIR

1. The volume occupied by a single gas in a mixture at the same temperature and
pressure is referred to as the single-gas volume.

a) Absolute volume

b) Partial volume

c) Total volume of a gas mixture

d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

Explanation: At the same temperature and pressure, the volume occupied by a

single gas alone in a combination is a portion of a volume.

2. The pressure that a single component in a gaseous mixture would exert if it

existed alone in the same volume as the mixture and at the same temperature as the
mixture is referred to as.

a) Absolute pressure

b) Partial pressure

c) Total pressure of a gas mixture

d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b

Explanation: Partial pressure is the pressure exerted by a single component in a

gaseous mixture if it exists alone in the same volume.

3. ________________ _ obeys Raoult’s law in all stages of concentration.

a) Ideal Solution

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b) Non-Ideal solution

c) Real Solution

d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

Explanation: At all concentration levels, Ideal Solution follows Raoult’s law.

4. When two perfect solutions with volume V each are combined, What is the
volume of the solution as a result?

a) V

b) 2V

c) Greater than 2V

d) Less than 2V

Answer: b

Explanation: When two perfect solutions are mixed, there is no change in volume.

5. The heat of solution or mixing has a negative side.

a) Heat of solution

b) Heat of dissolution

c) Heat of reaction

d) Heat of mixing

Answer: b

Explanation: The heat of solution or mixing has a negative side. Dissolution’s heat.

6. A solution made up of numerous components in which each component’s

property is the weighted sum of its separate properties. The answer is

a) Ideal Solution

b) Non-Ideal solution

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c) Real Solution

d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a

Explanation: An ideal solution is made up of numerous components, each of which

has a property that is the weighted sum of the attributes of the others.

7. What is an example of camphor in N2 gas?

a) Solid in gas solution

b) Gas in gas solution

c) Solid in liquid solution

d) Liquid in gas solution

Answer: a

Explanation: Solid in gaseous solution is an example of camphor in N2 gas.

Gaseous solution refers to a solution in which the solvent is gaseous. Other
gaseous solutions include air (O2 + N2), iodine vapors in air, humidity in air, and
so on.

8. What happens when a solute crystal is added to a supersaturated solution?

a) It becomes a colloidal solution

b) The solute dissolves in the solution

c) The solution desaturates

d) The solute precipitates out of the solution

Answer: d

Explanation: Solute particles leave the solution and form a crystalline precipitate
when a solute crystal is added to a supersaturated solution. Seeding refers to the
addition of the solute crystal.

9. Which of the following options is not a viable option?

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a) Brass

b) Bronze

c) Hydrated salts

d) Aerated drinks

Answer: d

Explanation: A solid solution is a one- or more-solute solid-state solution in a

solvent. Solid solutions include brass, bronze, and hydrated salts. Liquid solutions
include aerated beverages.

10. What makes a solution?

a) Solute and solvent

b) Solute and solute
c) Solvent and solvent
d) None of the above
Answer: a)
Explanation: The solution is made up of two components that is solute and
solvent.
Q.1. Which of the following fluoride is used as rat poison?
(a) CaF2
(b) KF
(c) NaF
(d) MgF2
(c) Sodium fluoride is used as rat poison.
Q.2. Vapour pressure of a pure liquid X is 2 atm at 300 K. It is lowered to 1 atm on
dissolving 1 g of Y in 20 g of liquid X. If molar mass of X is 200, what is the
molar mass of Y?
(a) 20
(b) 50
(c) 100
(d) 200
Ans-(b) 50

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 Q.3. Most of the processes in our body occur in
(a) solid solution
(b) liquid solution
(c) gaseous solution
(d) colloidal solution

Answer(b) Almost all the processes in our body occur in liquid solution.
 Q1. Acetone and carbon disulphide form binary liquid solution showing positive
deviation from Raoult’s law. The normal boiling point (Tb) of pure acetone is less
than that of pure CS2. Pick out the incorrect statement among the following-
 (a) Boiling temperature of the mixture is always less than the boiling temperature
of acetone
 (b) Boiling temperature of Azeotropic mixture is always less than the boiling
temperature of acetone
 (c) When a small amount of CS2 (less volatile component) is added to an excess of
acetone boiling point of the resulting mixture increases 16
 (d) A mixture of CS2 and CH3COCH3 can be completely separated by simple
fractional distillation

 Q2. An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6 g of ethylene glycol
C2H4(OH)2 and 200 g of water. Calculate the molality of the solution. If the
density of this solution be 1.072 gmL-1 , what will be the molarity of the solution?
 (a) 7.20 M (b) 12.03 M (c) 9.11 M (d) 6 M

 Q3. When mercuric iodide is added to the aqueous solution of potassium iodide,
the:
 (a) Freezing point is raised (b) Freezing point does not change (c) Freezing
point is lowered (d) Boiling point does not change

 Q4. The molal elevation constant depends upon
 (a) nature of solute. (b) nature of the solvent. (c) vapour pressure of the
solution. (d) enthalpy change.

 Q5. The osmotic pressure of a solution is directly proportional to
 (a) the molecular concentration of the solute (b) the absolute
temperature at a given concentration
 (c) the lowering of vapour pressure (d) all the above.


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 Q6. Which of the following aqueous solutions containing 10 g of solute in each
case, has highest m.p.?
 (a) NaCl solution (b) KC1 solution (c) sugar solution (d) glucose solution

 Q7. Equimolar solutions in the same solvent have-
 (a) Same boiling point but different freezing point (b) Same freezing point,
but different boiling point
 (c) Same boiling and same freezing point (d) Different boiling and
different freezing points

 Q8. The average osmotic pressure of human bloood is 7.8 bar at 37°C. What is the
concentration of an aqueous solution of NaCl that could be used in blood stream?
 (a) 0.15 mol L-1 (b) 0.30 mol L-1 (c) 0.60 mol L-1 (d) 0.45 mol L-1

 Q9. Consider the figure and mark the correct option.

 Fig.




 (a) water will move from side (A) to side (B) if a pressure lower than osmotic
pressure is applied on piston (B).
 (b) water will move from side (B) to side (A) if a pressure greater than osmotic ,
pressure is applied on piston (B).
 (c) water will move from side (B) to side (A) if a pressure equal to osmotic
pressure is applied on piston (B).
 (d) water will move from side (A) to side (B) if pressure equal to osmotic pressure
is applied on piston (A).

 Q10.Which of the following is incorrect for an ideal solution?
 (a) ∆Hmix =0 (b) ∆Vmix = 0 (c) ∆P = Pobs – Pcalculated = 0
(d) ∆Gmix = 0

 Q11.Low concentration of oxygen in the blood and tissues of people living at high
altitude is due to-
 (a) low temperature (b) low atmospheric pressure (c) high atmospheric pressure
(d) both low temperature and high atmospheric pressure


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 ANSWERS OF MCQ [1-d; 2-c; 3-a; 4-b; 5-d; 6-c; 7-c; 8-a; 9-b; 10-d; 11-b]


ASSERTION- REASON TYPE QUESTIONS DIRECTION:
 Mark the option which is most suitable:
 A. If both Assertion and Reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation
of Assertion .
 B. If both Assertion and Reason are correct and reason is not correct explanation
of Assertion
 C. If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
 D. If Assertion is incorrect and Reason is correct.
 Q12: Assertion: An aqueous solution of NaCl freezes below 273 K.
Reason: Vapour pressure of the solution is less than that of the pure solvent.
 Answer- A
 Q13: Assertion: Isotonic solutions do not show any osmosis when placed side by
side.
 Reason: Isotonic solutions have same solute concentration.
 Answer-C
 Q14: Assertion: Molarity of the solution changes with temperature.
 Reason: Molarity is a colligative property.
 Answer-C
 Q15: Assertion: Cooking time is reduced in pressure cooker. Reason: Boiling
point of water inside the pressure cooker is lowered.
 Answer-C
 Q16: Assertion: 1 M glucose will have a higher boiling point than 2 M glucose
 Reason: Elevation in boiling point is a colligative property which depends
upon the number of particles of solute in the solution
 Answer-D
CHAPTER 2
1. A cathode and an anode are the most common components of an
electrochemical cell. Which of the following claims about the cathode is correct?

a) Oxidation occurs at the cathode

b) Electrons move into the cathode

c) Usually denoted by a negative sign

d) Is usually made up of insulating material

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Answer: b

Explanation: Metal electrodes are commonly used as cathodes. It is on this

electrode that reduction occurs. In a galvanic cell, the cathode is the positive
electrode, while in an electrolytic cell, it is the negative electrode. The cathode
attracts electrons.

2. Which of the following claims about electrochemical cells is true?

a) Cell potential is an extensive property

b) Cell potential is an intensive property

c) The Gibbs free energy of an electrochemical cell is an intensive property

d) Gibbs free energy is undefined for an electrochemical cell

Answer: b

Explanation: Because cell potential is independent of the amount of material

present, it is an intense attribute. Gibbs free energy is a property that is defined for
an electrochemical cell and is a broad characteristic because it is dependent on the
amount of material present.

3. Which of the following does not belong in the category of electrochemical cells?

a) Voltaic cell

b) Photovoltaic cell

c) Electrolytic cell

d) Fuel Cell

Answer: b

Explanation: A voltaic cell, also known as a galvanic cell, is an electrochemical

cell that transforms chemical energy into electrical energy. Light energy is
converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic cells. An electrolytic cell turns
electrical energy into chemical energy and is a type of electrochemical cell. An

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electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidizing
agent into electricity is known as a fuel cell.

4. Which of the following assertions about the main cell is correct?

a) An example of a primary cell is a mercury cell

b) An example of a primary cell is a nickel-cadmium storage cell

c) The electrode reactions can be reversed

d) It can be recharged

Answer: a

Explanation: A primary cell is one in which the electrode reactions only happen
once and cannot be reversed with electrical energy. As a result, primary cells are
unable to be recharged. A main cell, such as a mercury cell, is different from a
secondary cell, such as a nickel-cadmium storage cell.

5. In a dry cell, which of the following is the electrolyte?

a) Potassium hydroxide

b) Sulphuric acid

c) Ammonium chloride

d) Manganese dioxide

Answer: c

Explanation: In a dry cell, the electrolyte is ammonium chloride, which is applied

as a moist paste close to the zinc anode. Ammonium chloride is replaced by
sodium chloride in some “heavy-duty” dry cells by zinc chloride.

6. Which of the following statements about a lead storage cell (or a lead-acid
battery) is false?

a) It is a primary cell

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b) The cathode is made up of lead(IV) oxide

c) The anode is made up of lead

d) The electrolyte used is an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid

Answer: a

Explanation: A secondary cell with a grid of lead packed with finely separated
spongy lead for an anode and a grid of lead packed with lead(IV) oxide for a
cathode is known as a lead storage cell. An aqueous solution of sulphuric acid is
utilized as the electrolytic solution in a lead-acid battery.

7. The conductivity of electrolytic conductors is due to __________

a) Flow of free mobile electrons

b) Movement of ions

c) Either movement of electrons or ions

d) Cannot be said

Answer: b

Explanation: The flow of free mobile electrons causes conductance in metallic

conductors, while the movement of ions in a fused electrolyte solution causes
conductance in electrolytic conductors.

8. The process of transmitting electric current through an electrolyte’s solution to

decompose it is known as __________

a) Electrolyte

b) Electrode

c) Electrolysis

d) Electrochemical cell

Answer: c

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Explanation: Electrolysis is the decomposition of an electrolyte by conducting an
electric current through its solution.

9. In a fuel cell, which of the following can be utilized as a fuel?

a) Nitrogen

b) Argon

c) Hydrogen

d) Helium

Answer: c

Explanation: The simplest element is hydrogen. It’s also widely available

throughout the universe. Although hydrogen has a lot of energy, an engine that
runs on it produces nearly no pollutants. As a result, it’s used in a fuel cell.

10. Which of the following is given to a fuel cell’s cathode?

a) Hydrogen

b) Nitrogen

c) Oxygen

d) Chlorine

Answer: c

Explanation: An anode, cathode, and electrolyte membrane make up a fuel cell. In

a normal fuel cell, hydrogen is passed through the anode and oxygen is passed via
the cathode.

11.Which of the following expression is correct for ‘Ka’ in terms of Λ° and Λ,

where ‘C’ is molarity.

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nswer: b
Explaination:

12.What is pH of the half cell Pt|H2fe)|H+ if E∘H+H2 =-0.0295 V

(a) 1
(b)2
(c) 0.5
(d) 3
Answer: c
Explaination:

13. 6.

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What is the value of ‘K’ for above reaction?
(a) 1 × 108
(b) 1 × 102
(c) 4 × 103
(d) 3 × 104

Answer: b
Explaination:

14. Which of the following statement is correct?

(a) ECell and ∆rG of cell reaction both are extensive properties.
(b) ECell and ∆rG of cell reaction both are . intensive properties.
(c) ECell is an intensive property while ∆rG of cell reaction is an extensive property.
(d) ECell is an extensive property while ∆rG of cell reaction is an intensive property.

Answer: c
Explaination:
(c) E∘cell depends upon concentration (amount) of substance therefore, intensive
property but AG is extensive property.

15.On the basis of following E°values, the strongest oxidising agent is

Answer: b
Explaination:
(b) It is because EFe3+/Fe2+ = 0.77 V, it means Fe3+ can gain electron early to
form Fe2+.
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16. Match the terms given in Column I with the units given in Column II.

Answer:
Explaination:

17.Match the terms given in Column I with the items given in Column II.

Answer:
Explaination:

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18. Match the items of Column I and Column II. [NCERT Exemplar]

Answer:
Explaination:
(a) Lead storage battery-Pb is anode, Pb02 is cathode
(b) Mercury cell gives steady potential (Constant value)
(c) Fuel cell has maximum efficiency.
(d) Rusting is prevented by galvanisation.

Note: In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement

of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices. (Q.19
to Q.21)
(а) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
19. Assertion: ECe|, should have a positive value for the cell to function.
Reason: Ecathode, < Eanode . [NCERT Exemplar]

Answer: c
Explaination:
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

20. Assertion: Am for weak electrolytes shows a sharp increase when the
electrolytic solution is diluted.

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 Reason: For weak electrolytes degree of dissociation increases with dilution of
solution.

Answer: a
Explaination:
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.

21.Assertion: For measuring resistance of an ionic solution an AC source is used.

Reason: Concentration of ionic solution will change if DC source is used.
Answer: a
Explaination:
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.
 Q1. What Difference between ideal and non ideal solution?
 Highly dilute solutions have the potential to function like perfect solutions
Ideal Solution Non-Ideal Solution

They follow Raoult’s rules They don’t follow Raoult’s rules

The solute-solvent molecular interactions are The interaction between solute and the
identical to that of pure components solvent is lower or higher than the
connection among pure components

Raoult’s law predicts that the overall vapour According to Raoult’s law, the absolute
pressure will be the same vapour pressure increases or lowers the
projected value

The enthalpy of mixing, Hmix = 0, is zero since Heat will be either emitted or absorbed,
no heat is emitted or absorbed resulting in a positive or negative
enthalpy of mixing, Hmix 0

Because the overall volume equals the sum of Vmix is not zero since the volume of
the component volumes (solute and solvent), the blending is not zero. Either volume
volume of the mixture is zero, Vmix = 0 change occurs

Fractional distillation can be used to separate Fractional distillation cannot separate

components components in their pure form

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 Hexane and heptane, for example, are benzene Carbon disulphide and acetone, phenol
and toluene derivatives and aniline, chloroform and acetone, and
All of the dilute behave almost exactly like an so on
ideal solution
2. What are the limitation of roult’s law?

Limitations of the law

 Raoult’s law is particularly important since it explains ideal solutions, which are
those in which the gas phase has thermodynamic properties similar to that of a
mixture of ideal gases. The main issue is that they are uncommon and difficult to
obtain.
 Due to the lack of chemical equivalency between different chemical components,
many solutions depart from Raoult’s law. As a result, you won’t be able to follow
it well

Positive deviation:

If the A-B interactions in solutions are weaker than the A-A and B-B interactions
in the two liquids that make up the solution, then A and B kinds of molecules have
a higher tendency to escape from the solution than from pure liquids. As a result,
according to Raoult’s law, each component of the solution has a partial vapour
pressure that is higher than expected. The total vapour pressure will be higher than
the vapour pressure that would be expected in a perfect solution with the same
composition. Positive departures from Raoult’s law indicate this type of solution
behaviour.
for positive deviation.
The following are some examples of solutions with positive deviations:
 Ethyl alcohol and cyclohexane
 Acetone and carbon disulphide
Negative deviation:

The A-B interactions in such solutions are stronger than the A-A and B-B
interactions in the two liquids that make up the solution. Because of the greater A-
B interactions, A and B types of molecules have a lower tendency to escape from
solutions than pure liquids. As a result, based on Raoult’s law, each component of

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 the solution has a partial vapour pressure lower than expected. As a result, the total
vapour pressure is lower than the vapour pressure that would be predicted in a
perfect solution.
for negative deviation
The following are some examples of solutions with positive deviations:
 chloroform and methyl acetate
 acetic acid and pyridine

Difference between positive and negative deviation:

Positive deviation Negative deviation

and and

Endothermic dissolution Exothermic dissolution

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Heating increases solubility Decreases solubility

Q3. What are limitations of henry’s law.

Limitations of Henry’s Law

 This law is only applicable when the molecules of the system are in a state
of equilibrium.
 Henry’s law does not hold true when gases are placed under extremely high
pressure.
 The law is not applicable when the gas and the solution participate in
chemical reactions with each other.
4. Henry’s Law does not apply to which gas? Why?
 Gases such as NH3 and CO2 do not obey Henry’s law.
 This is due to the fact that these gases react with water.
NH3 +H2O → NH4+ + OH–
CO2 + H2O → H2CO3
 They have higher solubilities than expected by Henry’s law due to reactions
of gases such as NH3, and CO2(g).
5. What are the conditions for using Henry’s Law?
Henry’s law is only applicable when the molecules are in equilibrium. Henry’s law
does not apply to gases at high pressures (for example, N2(g) at high pressure
becomes very soluble and dangerous when introduced into the blood supply).
6. What does Henry’s law constant depend on?
It’s important to remember that Henry’s law constants are highly temperature-
dependent because vapour pressure and solubility are both temperature-dependent.
7. What is the unit for Henry’s law constant?
Henry’s law constant is expressed in mol L–1 bar–1.

8.Factors Affecting the Henry’s Law Constant

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The value of the Henry’s law constant of a gas is dependent on the following
factors:

 The nature of the gas

 The nature of the solvent
 Temperature & pressure
Fig.

9. Given the standard electrode potentials,

K+/K=−2.93 V,Ag+/Ag=0.80 V,Hg2+/Hg
=0.79 V
Mg2+/Mg=−2.37V.Cr3+/Cr=−0.74V
Arrange these metals in their increasing order of reducing power.

Solution
The lower the electrode potential, the stronger is the reducing agent. Therefore, the
increasing order of the reducing power of the given metals is Ag < Hg < Cr < Mg <
K.
10. Henry's law constant for the molality of methane in benzene at 298 K is 4.27×105
mm Hg. Calculate the solubility of methane in benzene at 298 K under 760 mm Hg.

Solution
KH=4.27×105 mm Hg (at 298K)
p = 760 mm
Applying Henry's law
p=KH× [x = Mole fraction/solubility of methane]
x=p/KH=(760 mm)/(4.27×105 mm)=1.78×10−5=1.78×10−3
11.The value of kH for carbon dioxide at a temperature of 293 K is
1.6*103 atm.L.mol-1. At what partial pressure would the gas have a solubility (in
water) of 2*10-5 M?

Substituting the given values kH = 1.6*103 atm.L.mol-1 and C = 2*10-5 M into the
Henry’s law formula:

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P = kH*C = (1.6*103 atm.L.mol-1) * (2*10-5 mol.L-1) = 0.032 atm.

11. Define limiting molar conductivity. Why conductivity of an electrolyte solution

decreases with the decrease in concentration?

Solution

Limiting molar conductivity:

 The molar conductivity of a solution at infinite dilution is known as limiting
molar conductivity.
 In other words, When the concentration of the electrolyte approaches zero,
the molar conductivity is known as limiting molar conductivity.
Molar conductivity:
 Molar conductivity (Ʌm) of a solution at a given concentration is the
conductance of volume “V” of a solution containing one mole of electrolyte
kept between two electrodes with an area of cross-section “A” and distance
of unit length.
 Mathematically,
Ʌm=K/c
Here,
c = concentration in moles per volume
К = specific conductivity
Ʌm = molar conductivity
V = Volume of the solution
As the solution contains only one mole of electrolyte, the above equation can be
modified as:
Ʌm=KV
 With the decrease in concentration, conductivity decreases because the
number of ions per unit volume that hold the current in a solution decrease
with dilution whereas the molar conductivity of a solution increases with the
decrease in concentration.
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  This increase in molar conductivity is because of the increase in the total
volume containing one mole of the electrolyte.

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