Piling for Structures

SECTION B4

Piling for Structures

B4 01 Scope
The work covered by this Section of the Specification consists in furnishing all
materials, plant, equipment and labor and in performing all operations in connection with
the execution of piles, including test piles complete, subject to the Conditions of Contract
and in strict accordance with this Section of the Specification, the applicable Drawings
and the Special Specification for Particular Application.

B4 02 General
1. Piling shall conform in all respects with the principles contained in BS Code of
Practice CP 2004 (1972) Foundations.
2. In addition to submitting the records required under Clause B4 07, the Contractor
shall report immediately to the Engineer's Representative any circumstance which indi-
cates that the ground conditions differ from those expected by the Contractor from his
interpretation of the soil survey so as to affect materially the bearing capacity of the pile.
3. Where piles have not been positioned within the limits described in the Contract, no
method of forcible correction will be permitted.
4. Order List: All piles which are intended to remain in place in the completed
structure shall be furnished by the Contractor in accordance with an itemized list, which
will be supplied by the Engineer. This list will show the number and length of piles
required and will be based on information secured from the driving of test piles or other
data available to the Employer. The lengths shown on this list shall be the lengths
required below cut-off and the Contractor shall, at his own expense, increase the lengths
the necessary amount to provide for stripping of reinforcing steel, fresh heading and to
reach from the cut-off level up to the position of his driving equipment.
5. Piling Ordered and Not Driven: Piling furnished in accordance with the
Engineer's itemized list, but not incorporated in the finished works, shall be immediately
delivered to the Employer and shall become his property. The furnishing of additional
piles or piles of a greater length than those sho\n1 on the Engineer's list shall be at the
Contractor's risk.
6. Piles Destroyed in Handling or Driving: Any pile which is damaged or destroyed
before or at the rime it is being driven shall be replaced by the Contractor at his own expense.
7. Preparation for Driving: Foundation pits, including the construction of cofferdams
or cribs where required, shall be excavated in accordance with Section R5 before the
driving of foundation piles is begun unless otherwise approved by the Engineer's
Representative. Allowance for upheaval of the pit bottom, due to driving the piles, shall
be made, the amount of allowance depending upon the character of the material through
which the piles are to be driven. Any material forced up between the piles to above the
level shown for the bottom of the foundation pit shall be removed to the correct level
before the foundation concrete is placed. If too great an allowance is made for upheaval
due to driving of piles, backfilling with gravel will normally be permitted to raise the pit
bottom to the correct level.

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8. Elevation of Cut-off: The tops of all piles shall be sawn, cut or stripped to a true
plane as shown on the Drawings and at the level fixed by the Engineer. Piles which
support timber caps or grillages shall be sawn to the exact plane of the superimposed
structure and shall fit it exactly. Broken, split or misplaced piles shall be withdrawn and
properly replaced entirely at the Contractor's expense.
9. Piles Driven Below Cut-off: Piles driven below the cut-off- level without the
Engineer's authority shall be withdrawn and replaced by new and, if necessary, longer
piles or shall be extended as directed by the Engineer's Representative, all at the expense
of the Contractor.
10. Equipment for Driving:
(i) Hammers: Timber piles shall be driven with drop hammers, diesel, steam or air
driven hammers, or a combination of water jets and hammer. Underwater hammers
may be used subject to approval of the Engineer. Drop hammers shall weigh not
less than 1350kg for piles less than 15m long and not Jess than 1800kg for piles
over 15m long. If a drop hammer is used for driving timber piles, it is preferable to
use a heavy hammer and operate with a short drop. The maximum height of drop
shall be 3m. Steam or air driven hammers for timber piles shall develop not less
than 1100kgfm of energy per blow.
Precast concrete piles, metal shells for cast-in-place concrete piles and steel piles,
shall be driven with approved diesel, steam or air hammers developing not less than
1100kgfm of energy per blow or by a drop hammer of weight and type approved by
the Engineer's Representative.
The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer's Representative with the manu-
facturer's specifications and catalogue for all diesel, steam or air hammers used,
showing all the data necessary for computing the bearing value of piles driven.
Gravity or drop hammers shall be weighed in the presence of the Engineer's Repre-
sentative, or a certificate of weight shall be furnished to the Engineer's Represen-
tative. Hammers so weighed shall have the exact weight stamped on them.
(ii) Leads: Fixed lead pile drivers shall be used when driving all bearing piles. The use
of hanging or swinging leads will not be allowed unless they are so constructed that
they can be held in a fixed position during the driving operations. Leads shall be
sufficient length so that the use of a follower or dolly will not be necessary. Leads
adapted to the driving of batter or raking piles shall be employed for trestle con-
struction or for foundation work involving inclined piles.
(iii) Water Jets: Water jets shall not be used unless, in the opinion of the Engineer's
Representative, such use is necessary or desirable. When water jets are used, the
number of jets and the volume and pressure of the water at the jet nozzles shall be
sufficient to erode freely the material adjacent to the pile. The plant shall have
sufficient capacity to deliver at all times at least 630 liters per minute through a 2cm
jet nozzle. Before the desired penetration is reached and at a level determined by the
Engineer's Representative the jetting shall be stopped and the piles driven with the
hammer to secure the final penetration and bearing value. Piles previously driven
that become loosened due to the use of the water jets shall be redriven in place or
pulled and a new pile driven. A careful check shall be made during driving of piles
to determine if the piles are becoming loosened, by attempting to redrive at least
one pile in every five. No allowance will be made for cost to the Contractor for
redriving of loosened piles due to the use of water jets.

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All costs resulting from the use of water jets shall be included in the price
tendered in the Bill of Quantities for driving piles and no additional compensation
will be allowed, unless specific provision is made in the Bill of Quantities.
11. Test Piles: When specified on the Drawings or ordered by the Engineer's
Representative, the Contractor shall drive test piles to determine the lengths of piling
required to obtain the necessary load carrying capacity or penetration. These piles shall be
driven at the locations designated by the Engineer's Representative and shall be of
sufficient length to provide for any variation in soil conditions. Test piles shall be of the
same material as the permanent piles which are to be driven. Steel shells or casings used as
test piles for cast-in-place concrete piles and precast concrete and steel test piles shall have
the same cross-section and other characteristics as the permanent piles. Driving equipment
used to drive test piles shall be the same as that to be used for driving the permanent piles.
12. Loading Tests: When specified or required by the Engineer, the size and number of
piles shall be determined by actual loading tests. These tests shall consist of the application
of test loads, together with suitable apparatus for accurately determining the superimposed
weight and the settlement of the pile under each increment of load. The minimum test load
shall be at least twice the design load or as indicated on the Drawings and shall be applied
and removed in increments as determined by the Engineer. Final settlement after each
increment shall be recorded. The minimum time between load increments and settlements
readings shall be not less than three hours or longer at the discretion of the Engineer. Pile
tests shall be carried out in accordance with British Code of Practice CP 2004-Foundations.
In the absence of loading tests the safe bearing value of bearing piles shall be
determined by a substantiated adequate 'pile driving formula specified by the Engineer.

B4 03 Precast concrete piles

1. General: The manufacture, storage, handling and lengthening of reinforced concrete
and prestressed concrete piles shall comply in all respects with Sections B6, B7, B8 and
B9 and:
(i) Piles shall be supported, handled and pitched, as described in the Contract.
(ii) Each pile shall be marked indelibly to show its identification number, length and
date of casting. Prestressed concrete piles shall be marked with the prestressing
force applied.
2. Materials: The concrete, cement, fine and coarse aggregate, water and additives and
mixing, transporting, placing and curing shall conform to Section B8. Concrete Group A
shall be used unless shown otherwise on the Drawings.
The reinforcing steel shall conform to Section B7.
3. Forms: Forms for precast concrete piles shall conform to the general requirements
for concrete form work, as provided under Section B6. Forms shall be accessible for
tamping and consolidation of the concrete.
4. Reinforcement: Reinforcing bars, hoops, shoes, etc., shall be placed as shown on
the Drawings. All pans shall be well wired and tied together and placed to the spacings
shown. All reinforcement shall be in place in the forms before any concrete is placed.
5. Casting: Pilling shall be cast in a horizontal position, in approved forms supported
on a suitable platform. Special care shall be exercised to vibrate and tamp the concrete

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around the reinforcement to secure complete compaction. The use of internal vibrating
tampers will be required when placing concrete in forms. Concrete shall be placed
continuously in each pile, special care being exercised to avoid horizontal or diagonal
cleavage planes, and to see that the reinforcement is properly embedded in the concrete.
Lifting holes shall be formed during casting in the position and in accordance with the
details shown on the Drawings. Other holes shall be formed in the position approved by
the Engineer.
6. Finishing: Trestle piling exposed to view shall be finished above the ground line in
accordance with the provisions governing the finishing of concrete columns. Foundation
piling, that portion of trestle piling which will be below the ground or low water surface
and piles for use in salt water or alkali soils shall not be finished.
7. Curing: Precast concrete piling may be cured either with water or with steam. If
cured with water the concrete shall be kept continuously wet for a period of not less than
10 days after casting. Under weather conditions favorable for curing, side forms may be
removed at any time not less than 24 hours subsequent to placing concrete, but the entire
pile shall remain supported for at least 10 days and shall not be subjected to any handling
stress until the concrete has set for at least 14 days. In cold weather a longer period may
be required before handling is allowed. The additional time will be determined by the
Engineer's Representative.
If the piling is to be cured with steam, the casting bed shall be completely enclosed by
a canvas supported on framework or by some other type of housing, tightly constructed
so as to prevent the ready escape of steam and exclude the outside air. After the concrete
has been allowed to take its initial set, from two to three hours after pouring, steam may
be applied over a period of at least 36 hours. During this period the steam may be applied
intermittently, but must be applied for a total of at least 24 hours and must not be turned
off at anyone time for more than 8 hours. The temperature within the enclosure shall be
between 52°C and 65°C during the time the steam is being applied and shall not be
allowed to drop below 27°C while the steam is turned off.
Piling cured with steam shall not be removed from the forms for at least 48 hours after
the concrete has been poured. Test cubes shall be cast for each 10 No piles that are cast
or per day whichever is the greater. If the piles are to be steam cured, the cubes shall be
cured with the piles and if the cubes do not develop the same strength for concrete of the
class used in the piling when tested at 28 days, the required curing time will be extended
until the specified strength is reached.
8. Storage and Handling: The method of storing and handling shall be such as to
eliminate the danger of fracture, by impact or undue bending stresses, in curing or trans-
porting the piles from the forms and into the leads. When piles have to be stored they
shall be placed on sufficient supports on firm ground to avoid damage. In general,
concrete piles shall be lifted by means of a suitable bridle or sling attached to the pile at
points over 6m apart and not more than 3m from the ends of the pile. In no case shall the
method of handling be such as to induce stresses in the reinforcement in excess of
800kgflcm2, allowing 100 per cent of the calculated load for impact and shock effects. In
handling piles for use in sea water or alkali soils special care shall be exercised to avoid
injury to the surface of the pile.
9. Age before driving: Precast concrete piles cured with water shall not be driven for
at least 21 days after casting. In cold weather a longer period may be required in order for
the concrete to attain the necessary strength and toughness.
Precast concrete piles, cured with steam, shall not be driven for at least 72 hours after

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being cast subject to satisfactory strength of the test cubes.

10. Protection of Head: The heads of all precast concrete piles shall be protected
during driving by caps of approved design, preferably having a rope or other suitable
cushion next to the pile head and fitting into a casting, which in turn supports a timber
shock block. The size of the inside of the cap shall be determined before the pile is cast
and the head of the pile shall be formed to make a loose fit inside the cap.
11. Driving: Piles shall not be driven until they have complied with sub-clause 9 of this
Clause. The Engineer's Representative shall be notified 24 hours before the commencement
of driving. Piles shall be driven to the set or depth and in the sequence of driving approved
by the Engineer's Representative. The set shall be taken in the presence of the Engineer or his
Representative unless permission to the contrary has been obtained in writing.
12. Lengthening of Piles:
(a) Reinforced Concrete Piles: The main reinforcement shall be exposed for a distance
of 40 diameters with the final cut perpendicular to the axis of the pile. Main
reinforcement of the same size and grade as the original pile shall be securely tied
in position. Alternatively, subject to the approval of the Engineer's Representative,
the main reinforcement may by exposed for a minimum distance of 30cms and the
additional main reinforcement welded in place with full strength butt welds. The
stirrups shall conform in size, grade and spacing as used in the original pile. The
formwork shall be grout tight. The concrete shall be the same quality as used in the
original pile except that Rapid Hardening Portland Cement may be used when
permitted by the Engineer's Representative. Just prior to placing concrete the top of
the pile shall be thoroughly wetted with neat cement grout.
(b) Prestressed Concrete Piles: Prestressed concrete piles may be lengthened by means
of a suitable steel sleeve as shown on the Drawings or approved by the Engineer's
Representative.
13. Driving shall not be resumed until:
(i) the cube strength of the concrete in the extension is at least equal to the specified 28
day cube strength of the concrete in the pile, and
(ii) the approval of the Engineer's Representative has been obtained.
14. Removal of Surplus Length: Any length of pile surplus to that required for
incorporation in the substructure shall be cut off and removed.
15. Risen Piles: Piles which have risen as a result of driving adjacent piles shall be
redriven to the requirements of the Engineer's Representative.
16. Shoes: Shoes bases shall consist of "Chill-hardened" cast iron of clean, grey tough
metal, free from sand, honeycombing or porous places, air holes or other defects. Straps
shall be of steel or wrought iron cast into the base and shall run continuously through it.
All shoes shall be fitted to the reinforcement as shown on the Drawings.

B4 04 Cast-in-place piles
1. Cast-in-place piles shall be formed to the dimensions and depth shown on the
Drawings or as directed by the Engineer's Representative. A complete record of the
construction or each pile shall be kept by the Contractor and this record shall be
submitted to the Engineer's Representative for inspection as and when required.
2. The Contractor shall supply the complete details of the system of cast-in-place

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piling which he proposes to use, including a specification of the materials and method of
construction of the piles. Prior approval of the Engineer shall be obtained in writing
before any such piling is used. The Contractor shall arrange for his representative in
charge of operations on the Site to be given written instructions including, as applicable,
the method of boring, under-reaming or driving, length or set to be obtained, method of
inspection, details of the concrete mix, the minimum time between the completion of one
pile and the commencement of the next and the pattern of construction. A copy of these
instructions shall be supplied to the Engineer's Representative and no piling may begin
until his approval has been given.
3. Materials: The concrete, cement, fine and coarse aggregate, water and additives and
mixing, transporting, placing and curing shall conform to Section B8. Concrete Group A
shall be used unless shown otherwise on the Drawings.
The reinforcing steel shall conform to Section B7.
If permanent metal shells or casings are used they shall conform to the requirements of
ASTM A2S2-77a Grade II or BS4360 (1972).
4. Inspection: Where practicable and unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer's Repre-
sentative, all pile excavations or casings shall be inspected for their full length before
concreting. The Contractor shall provide all the apparatus necessary for the inspection.
5. Reinforcement: Reinforcement shall be maintained in its correct position during the
concreting of the pile. Where it is made up into cages, they shall be sufficiently rigid to
enable them to be handled without damage.
6. Concreting: Immediately after the excavation has been completed, the Engineer's
Representative's approval to the commencement of concreting shall be sought and, when
this has been obtained, concreting shall start forthwith and continue without interruption.
All concrete for cast-in-place piles shall be compacted to produce a dense homogeneous
mass by a method agreed by the Engineer's Representative. In a pile excavation which
contains water the concrete shall be placed by means of a tremie tube.
7. The top of the pile shall be brought above the required finished level and any
defective concrete removed to ensure satisfactory bonding of the pile head to the structure.
8. Withdrawal of Casings and Linings: When casings and linings are withdrawn as
concreting proceeds, a sufficient head of concrete shall be maintained to prevent the
entry of ground water or reduction of cross-section of the pile excavation.
9. Driven Cast-in-Place Piles: Formers or shells for cast-in-place piles shall be driven
in true alignment at the locations shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer's
Representative and shall be vertical or raked as indicated on the Drawings. The top of
any shell shall be protected with a combination driving head and pilot of proper size to
ensure a properly distributed blow and to prevent damage to the shell during driving.
Care shall be taken when extracting formers or non-permanent shells that no disturbance
nor damage is caused to the concrete or reinforcing already placed.
10. When piles are formed within a tube which is subsequently withdrawn, the
sequence of driving shall be such as to avoid damage to any unfilled pile excavation or
completed pile. Precast concrete sections or steel tubes in which concrete is to be placed
shall be free from damage before being installed.
11. If permanent metal shells or casings are used in cast-in-place piles they shall

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conform to the requirements of BS4360 (1972).

12. Inspection: The Contractor shall provide a suitable light on the site of the work at
all times for the inspection of each permanent shell or casing. Any shell which is cracked,
kinked, bent or otherwise deformed to an extent which, in the opinion of the Engineer's
Representative, will impair the strength or efficiency of the completed pile shall be
pulled and replaced.
13. Bored Cast-In-Place Piles: When required by the Engineer's Representative, the
Contractor shall take from the pile excavation undisturbed soil samples in accordance
with BS 5930 Code of Practice for Site Investigations. Such samples shall be tested in an
approved laboratory.
14. Excavations shall not be exposed to the atmosphere longer than is necessary and
shall be adequately covered at all times when work is not in progress. The Contractor
shall take all the precautions necessary to prevent the ingress of surface water or foreign
matter. Lining tubes shall be provided for sufficient depth to ensure the stability of the
pile excavation during boring and concreting operations.
15. Large Diameter Cast-in-Place Piles: Bored cast-in-place piles exceeding 60cm
diameter, are commonly known as large diameter bored piles and shall comply in all
respects with the BS Code of Practice CP 2004 (1972). See Section B5 giving additional
construction specification for large diameter bored piles which may vary to suit a particular
location and are therefore subject to the Special Specification for Particular Application.
16. Placing Concrete: In the construction of cast-in-place piles, care shall be taken to
ensure that the concrete is thoroughly compacted and that a minimum cover of 5cm to
the main reinforcing bars is maintained throughout. Concrete shall be placed
continuously in each pile and all debris and water shall be removed from the permanent
shell before concrete is placed. Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer's
Representative, concrete shall not be placed until all percussion pile driving within a
radius of 4·5m has been completed or until all shells in anyone bent have been driven.
17. Testing: Where cast-In-place piles have been guaranteed by the Contractor to carry
a certain load, the Engineer's Representative may direct that a test load be applied to
certain selected piles. Details of the test to be applied will be supplied by the Engineer's
Representative. During the progress of the works and where piles fail to satisfy this test,
the Engineer's Representative may direct that additional piles are to be formed and no
extra payment will be made for the additional piles nor for testing. If the piles prove
satisfactory, payment for carrying out the actual test will be made under daywork or as
specified in the Special Specification of Particular Application.

B4 05 Steel piles
1. Protection, Storage and Handling: The protection, storage, handling and lengthening
of steel piles shall comply with the following:
(i) Piles shall be supported, handled and pitched as described in the Contract and in
such a way as to avoid damage and, where piles have to be stored, they shall be
placed on sufficient supports on firm ground to avoid damage by excessive bending.
(ii) Bent or kinked piles which, in the opinion of the Engineer's Representative, cannot
he straightened without damage to the metal will be rejected.
(iii) Each pile shall be marked indelibly to show its identification number, grade of
steel and length.
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(iv) Before dispatch from the Manufacturer’s Works, the piles shall be protected in
accordance with the method described in Clause B12 12.
2. Materials: Steel piles shall be of the section shown on the Drawings and shall be
structural steel meeting the requirements of ASTM A36-77a or BS4360 (1972).
The Contractor will be required to furnish the Engineer with two certified copies of the
records of ladle analysis and physical test, as reported by the manufacturer, to meet the
requirements of ASTM A6-77b or BS4360 (1972).
3. Steel for H piles and fabricated sections shall comply with that for structural steel
and comply with the requirements of BS153 Part I (1972) and BS4360 (1972). In
addition, structural steel hot-rolled sections and structural steel hot-rolled hollow sections
shall comply with the requirements of BS4 Part 1 (1972) or Part 2 (1969).
4. Driving: The Engineer's Representative shall be notified 24 hours before the com-
mencement of driving. Piles shall be driven to the set or depth and in the sequence of
driving approved by the Engineer. The set shall be taken in the presence of the Engineer
or his Representative unless permission to the contrary has been obtained in writing.
5. Steel piles shall have square-cut ends and the heads shall be protected during driving
by a metal cap made to fit the head of the pile.
Steel piles shall be driven in true alignment at the locations shown on the Drawings
and shall be plumb or battered as indicated thereon.
6. Splicing: Splicing of steel piles will, in general, be permitted subject to the approval
of the Engineer's Representative as to the necessity for splicing and the manner in which
the splice is to be made.
7. Lengthening of Piles: Full penetration butt welds shall be used for all pile
lengthening. Sections to be joined shall be maintained in true alignment and position.
After welding, the affected area shall be thoroughly cleaned and protected in the same
way as adjacent surfaces.
8. Capping: When specified on the Drawings, steel piles shall be capped with a steel
plate, after being cut off at the required level. In such case the pile top shall be cut square
and as smooth as practicable. The pile cap shall consist of a steel plate of the size and
shape shown on the Drawings. The method of attachment of the pile cap shall be by
electric welding in the amount and in the manner shown on the Drawings.
9. Determination of Bearing Values: The bearing values of steel piles shall be determined
by means of the loading tests specified in Clause B4 02-12 when directed by the Engineer.
10. Surplus Length of Piles: Any length of pile surplus to that required for
incorporation in the substructure shall be cut off and removed.
11. Risen Piles: Piles which have risen as a result of driving adjacent piles shall be
redriven to the requirements of the Engineer's Representative.

B4 06 Sheet piling
1. Scope: The provisions of this Clause cover only sheet piling shown on the Drawings,
or ordered by the Engineer, to be left in place so that it becomes a part of the finished work.
2. Materials:
(i) Timber Sheet Piles: The timber, unless otherwise noted on the Drawings, may

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consist of any species which will satisfactorily stand driving.

(ii) Concrete Sheet Piles: Concrete used in all concrete sheet piling shall be in accord-
ance with Clause B403.
(iii) Steel Sheet Piles: Steel sheet piling shall consist of structural steel shapes of the
section shown on the Drawings or as otherwise specified. The steel shall conform to
the Specifications for Steel in Bridges, ASTM A36-77a or BS4360 (1972).
3. Construction Requirements
(i) Timber Sheet Piles: Timber sheet piling shall be sawn or hewn with square corners
and shall be free from worm holes, loose knots, wind shakes, decayed or unsound
portions, or other defects which might impair its strength or tightness.
The piles shall be of the dimensions shown on the Drawings either cut from the
solid material or made by building up the piles from three planks securely fastened
together. The piles shall be drift sharpened at their lower ends so as to wedge the
adjacent piles tightly together.
The tops of the piles shall be cut off to a straight line at the level indicated and
shall be braced with waling strips, properly lapped and joined at all splices and
corners. The wales shall preferably be in one length between corners and shall be
bolted near the tops of the piles.
(ii) Concrete Sheet Piles: Concrete sheet piling shall conform to the dimensions and
details shown on the Drawings. Manufacture and installation of concrete sheet
piling shall conform, in general, to the requirements governing precast concrete
piles in Section B4.
(iii) Steel Sheet Piles: Steel sheet piling, when in place in the completed structure,
shall be watertight at the joints. Painting of steel sheet piling shall conform to the
requirements of Section B12.

B4 07 Pile records
1. A record of all piles driven or installed shall be kept by the Contractor and a copy of
the record of the work done each day shall be given to the Engineer's Representative
within 24 hours. The piling records shall be in the form shown on record Forms B407 A
or B407B.
2. On completion of the piling, the Contractor shall deliver to the Engineer's
Representative a drawing recording the final depths of all piles relative to the
Government Trigonometric Survey Datum (G.T.S.) or the agreed site datum.

B4 08 Pile load testing

Loading tests on piles will be carried out where specified in accordance with Section
7.5 (Bearing Capacity and Test Loading) of BS Code of Practice CP 2004 (1972).

B4 09 Measurement and payment

Payment will be made for each of the following items as are included and shown in the
prices tendered in the Bill of Quantities.
1. Provision of pile driving equipment will be measured on the lump sum basis.
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2. Provision of precast concrete piling will be measured per linear meter for each size
of pile.
3. Provision of cast-in-place concrete piling will be measured per linear meter from the
toe of the pile to cut off level.
4. Provision of proprietary cast-in-place concrete piling will be measured per pile to
the minimum penetration and load bearing capacity stated in the Bill of Quantities.
5. Provision of steel piling will be measured per metric tone.
6. Driving precast concrete piling in place will be measured per linear meter from the
toe of the pile to cut off level.
7. Driving casings for cast-in-place concrete piling in place will be measured per linear
meter from the toe of the casing to cut off level.
8. Driving steel piling in place will be measured per linear meter.
9. Pile splices (steel) will be measured per number.
10. Pile load testing will be paid for as a lump sum per number of piles in accordance
with the respective items of the Bill of Quantities, which payment shall constitute full
compensation for all equipment, materials, labor and all incidentals for carrying out pile
load testing, as specified under Clause B408.
11. The cost of stripping pile reinforcement and disposal of heads shall be deemed to
be included in the Bill of Quantities.
12. Payment for timber and reinforced concrete sheet piling shall include the cost of
furnishing, driving and cutting off. Payment will be made on the basis of the price
tendered per cubic meter of piles driven as approved by the Engineer, except that a
deduction from the payment will be made in the amount tendered per cubic meter for the
salvage value of the material cut off after driving if any.
13. Payment for steel sheet piling shall include the cost of furnishing, driving and
cutting off. Payment will be made on the basis of the price tendered per metric tonne of
the piles driven as approved by the Engineer except that a deduction will be made in the
amount tendered per metric tone for the salvage value of the material cut off.

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Form B4 07 A DAILY RECORD FOR DRIVEN PILES

__________________________________________________________________________

PILING CONTRACTOR ______________________ RIG NO.

PROJECT __________________________________ STRUCTURE
PILE TYPE/SIZE ____________________________ PILE NO.
__________________________________________________________________________

GENERAL
Rig moved from Pile No. ____________________________________________________
Existing Ground Level _____________________________________________________
Required Cut-off Level ____________________________________________________
Cross Section of Pile or Casing Driven _________________________________________
Length of Pile or Casing Driven ______________________________________________
Weight (or Material) of Pile or Casing Driven ___________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

HAMMER
Type and Condition of Helmet Dolly ____________________________________________
Type and Weight ___________________________________________________________
Type and Condition of Pile Head Packing ________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

DRIVING
Single Acting Drop or Double Acting Frequency of Hammer for
a) Normal Driving b) Final Driving
Final Set __________________________________________________________________
Length of Shaft below cut-off _________________________________________________
Reason for any Delay during driving ___________________________________________
Details of any Redriving ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

RECORDS
Level of theoretical pile top __________________________________________________
Level of cast pile top ________________________________________________________
Pile centre deviations _______________________________________________________
Δx ____________________________________ Δy ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

REMARKS (Including further details required by the Engineer)

___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________ SUPERVISOR'S SIGNATURE
___________________________________________
___________________________________________ DATE

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Piling for Structures

Form B4 07 B DAILY RECORD FOR DRIVEN PILES

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PILING CONTRACTOR ______________________ RIG TYPE/NO.
PROJECT __________________________________ STRUCTURE
PILE TYPE/SIZE ____________________________ PILE NO.
__________________________________________________________________________

GENERAL
Rig moved from Pile No. ____________________________________________________
Existing Ground Level _____________________________________________________
Required Level : Cut-off _________________________ Toe
Under-ream Shape/Size _____________________________________________________
Cross Section of Pile _______________________________________________________
Length of Pile _____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

STRATA
Depth Soil/rock Description Sampler/Tests

Ground Water Observations ___________________________________________________

Date boring commenced _____________________________________________________
Reason for any delay during boring _____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

REINFORCEMENT _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
CONCRETE Mix Type _______________________ Quantity used
Slump ________________________ Test Cubes No.
__________________________________________________________________________
Casing Pull ______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Concrete Drop ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Level of theoretical pile top __________________________________________________
Level of cast pile top ________________________________________________________
Pile centre deviations _______________________________________________________
Δx ____________________________________ Δy ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
REMARKS (Including further details required by the Engineer)
___________________________________________
___________________________________________ SUPERVISOR'S SIGNATURE
___________________________________________
___________________________________________ DATE

B4 12