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C1 PhysicalQuantitiesAndVector

The document is a chapter on physical quantities and vectors from a university physics textbook. It discusses fundamental and derived physical quantities, dimensions and units, and an introduction to vector quantities including displacement, velocity, and acceleration. It defines scalar and vector quantities, and explores vector operations such as magnitude, direction, unit vectors, and dot and cross products. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating angles between vectors, vector products, and solving word problems involving vector displacements.

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Mahadi Hasan Khan
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30 views20 pages

C1 PhysicalQuantitiesAndVector

The document is a chapter on physical quantities and vectors from a university physics textbook. It discusses fundamental and derived physical quantities, dimensions and units, and an introduction to vector quantities including displacement, velocity, and acceleration. It defines scalar and vector quantities, and explores vector operations such as magnitude, direction, unit vectors, and dot and cross products. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating angles between vectors, vector products, and solving word problems involving vector displacements.

Uploaded by

Mahadi Hasan Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDEPENDENT UNIVERSITY, BANGLADESH

Course No. : PHY 101


Course Name : University Physics I
Chapter : Physical Quantities and Vectors
Class No. :

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

❖ Fundamental quantities
❖ Dimension and units
❖ Vectors
❖ Components of vectors
❖ Dot and Cross product of two vectors

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

❖ Fundamental quantities
❖ Dimension and units

Physics is based on measurement of physical quantities. Certain physical quantities have been
chosen as fundamental/base quantities (such as length, time, and mass); each has been defined
in terms of a standard and given a unit of measure (such as meter, second, and kilogram). Other
physical quantities are defined in terms of the base quantities and their standards and units.

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

❖ Fundamental quantities
❖ Dimension and units

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

❖ Fundamental quantities
❖ Dimension and units

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

❖ Fundamental quantities
❖ Dimension and units

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

❖ Vectors

A particle moving along a straight line can


move in only two directions. We can take its
motion to be positive in one of these directions
and negative in the other. For a particle
moving in three dimensions, however, a plus
sign or minus sign is no longer enough to
indicate a direction. Instead, we must use a
vector.

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS
❖ Vectors
A vector quantity is a quantity that has both a magnitude
and a direction. Some physical quantities that are vector

quantities are displacement, velocity, and acceleration. The


simplest vector quantity is displacement, or change of
position. A vector that represents a displacement is called,
reasonably, a displacement vector.

Not all physical quantities involve a direction. Temperature,


pressure, energy, mass, and time, for example, do not
“point” in the spatial sense. We call such quantities scalars.
We deal with them by the rules of ordinary algebra. A single
value, with a sign (as in a temperature of 40°F), specifies a
scalar.

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS
❖ UNIT Vectors

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS
❖ Product of Vectors

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS
❖ Product of Vectors

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

[1] What is the angle  between 𝑎Ԧ = 3.0𝑖Ƹ − 4.0𝑗Ƹ and 𝑏 =


෠
−2.0𝑖Ƹ + 3.0𝑘?

෠ 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑐Ԧ = 𝑎Ԧ × 𝑏?
[2] If 𝑎Ԧ = 3.0𝑖Ƹ − 4.0𝑗Ƹ and 𝑏 = −2.0𝑖Ƹ + 3.0𝑘,

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

[3] Three vectors are given as:


𝑑1ҧ = −3.0𝑖Ƹ + 3.0𝑗Ƹ + 2.0𝑘෠
𝑑ҧ2 = −2.0𝑖Ƹ − 4.0𝑗Ƹ + 2.0𝑘෠
𝑑ҧ3 = 2.0𝑖Ƹ + 3.0𝑗Ƹ + 1.0𝑘෠

Calculate
(i) 𝑑1ҧ . (𝑑ҧ2 + 𝑑ҧ3 )
(ii) 𝑑1ҧ . 𝑑ҧ2  𝑑ҧ3
𝐢𝐢𝐢 𝑑1ҧ  (𝑑ҧ2 + 𝑑ҧ3 )

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

[4] Two vectors are given 𝑎Ԧ = 3.0𝑖Ƹ + 5.0𝑗Ƹ and 𝑏 = 2.0𝑖Ƹ +


4.0𝑗.Ƹ Find (a) 𝑎Ԧ × 𝑏 (b) 𝑎.
Ԧ 𝑏 (c) 𝑎Ԧ + 𝑏 . 𝑏 (d) the
component of 𝑎Ԧ along the direction of 𝑏.

[5] A woman walks 250 m in the direction of 30 east of north,


then 175 m directly east. Find (a) the magnitude (b) the
angle of her final displacement from the starting point (c)
Find the distance she walks (d) Which is greater, that
distance or the magnitude of her displacement?

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND VECTORS

[6] Two vectors 𝑎Ԧ and 𝑏 have magnitude a = 3.0 and b = 3.0.


Their vector product is 𝑎Ԧ × 𝑏 = −5.0𝑘෠ + 2.0𝑖.Ƹ What is the
angle between the vector?

Professor Dr. Parimal Bala; Mobile: 01552326135; Email: balaparimal@gmail.com


THANKS

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