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Motion: Reference Point and Reference Frame

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24 views3 pages

Motion: Reference Point and Reference Frame

Uploaded by

revant.zinu1412
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MOTION

An object is said to be in motion when its position changes with time.

Reference point and reference frame

• To describe the position of an object we need a reference point or


origin. An object may seem to be moving to one observer and stationary
to another.
• Example: A passenger inside a bus sees the other passengers to be at
rest, whereas an observer outside the bus sees the passengers to be in
motion.
• In order to make observations easy, a common reference point or frame
is needed. All objects must be in the same reference frame.

Distance and displacement:

The total path covered by an object is said to be the distance travelled by it.

The shortest path/distance measured from the initial to the final position of an
object is known as the displacement.

Uniform motion: When an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, it
is said to be in uniform motion.

Non-uniform motion: Motions where objects cover unequal distances in equal


intervals of time is said to be in non-uniform motion.
Speed: The distance travelled by an object in unit time is referred to as speed. Its SI
unit is m/s. Speed is a scalar quantity.

Average speed: For non-uniform motion, the average speed of an object is obtained
by dividing the total distance travelled by an object by the total time taken

Velocity: Velocity is the speed of an object moving in definite direction. S.I. unit is
m/s. Velocity is a vector quantity.

If velocity of the object is changing at a uniform rate, then average velocity is given
by,

where vav is the average velocity, u is the initial velocity and v is the final velocity of
the object.
Speed and velocity have the same units, that is, m s–1 or m/s.

Average velocity ca also be found by the following formula:


Average velocity = Total displacement
Total time

Acceleration

The rate of change of velocity is called acceleration.


Where u is the initial velocity and v is the final velocity.
The acceleration is taken to be positive if it is in the direction of velocity and negative
when it is opposite to the direction of velocity.

The SI unit of acceleration is m s–2 .

If an object travels in a straight line and its velocity increases or decreases by equal
amounts in equal intervals of time, then the acceleration of the object is said to be
uniform. Example: freely falling body.

If an object increases its speed by unequal amounts in equal intervals of time, then
it is said to be moving with non-uniform acceleration.Example: A car travelling along
a straight road with heavy traffic

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