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CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 12 Sound Notes

Sound is a form of energy that is produced when an object vibrates and requires a medium to travel through. It is transmitted through materials as longitudinal waves of alternating high and low pressure regions called compressions and rarefactions. The speed of sound depends on the properties of the medium, traveling faster in solids than liquids and faster in liquids than gases. Human ears can detect sounds between 20-20,000 Hz. Ultrasound above this range has many medical applications like sonar.

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245 views

CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 12 Sound Notes

Sound is a form of energy that is produced when an object vibrates and requires a medium to travel through. It is transmitted through materials as longitudinal waves of alternating high and low pressure regions called compressions and rarefactions. The speed of sound depends on the properties of the medium, traveling faster in solids than liquids and faster in liquids than gases. Human ears can detect sounds between 20-20,000 Hz. Ultrasound above this range has many medical applications like sonar.

Uploaded by

santhoshsabarish4
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 12

Sound Notes

Sound is a form of energy generated from different sources which produces a sensation of hearing in our
ears. It is produced by a vibrating object and requires a material medium for its propagation. Learn more
about sound right here with sound notes for class 9.

Topics Covered In Chapter Sound


Production Of Sound
Propagation Of Sound
Sound Needs A Medium To Travel
Sound Waves Are Longitudinal Waves
Characteristics Of A Sound Wave
Speed Of Sound In Different Media
Reflection Of Sound
Echo
Reverberation
Uses Of Multiple Reflection Of Sound
Range Of Hearing
Applications Of Ultrasound
Sonar
Structure Of Human Ear

Introduction To The chapter

Sound is a form of energy which enables the ears to hear. Sound can be transformed from one to
another form. It is produced due to the vibration of objects. For example, stretched strings of a guitar
vibrate to produce sound. Medium is a matter or substance through which sound is transmitted which
can either be solid, liquid or gas. Sound moves through a medium from the point of generation to the
listener.

Production and Propagation of Sound

When an object vibrates, particles of the medium are set to vibrate. They do not travel all the way from
the vibrating object to the ear. The particle of the medium in contact with the vibrating object is
displaced first from its equilibrium position which then exerts a force on the adjacent particle. Hence the
adjacent particle is displaced from its place of rest after which it comes back to its original position. The
process continues until it reaches the ear. Hence, the disturbance created by a source of sound travels
through the medium and not the particles of the medium.

A wave is a disturbance that moves through a medium when the particles of the medium set
neighbouring particles into motion. Sound waves are characterised by the motion of particles in the
medium and are called mechanical waves.

Compression - when a vibrating object moves forward, it pushes and compresses the air in front to
create a region of high pressure which is known as compression
CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 12
Sound Notes

Rarefaction - When a vibrating object moves backwards, it creates a region of low pressure known as
rarefaction.

Sound Needs A Medium To Travel


Sound is a mechanical wave which requires a material medium such as air, water, steel etc to
propagate, hence it cannot travel through a vacuum which can be demonstrated through the bell jar
experiment.
 Set up has an electric bell and an airtight glass bell jar where the bell is suspended inside the
airtight bell jar
 The bell jar is connected to a vacuum pump, where bell is heard when the switch is pressed
 When the vacuum pump is started, as the air in the jar is pumped out eventually, the sound
becomes fainter though the same current is passing through the bell and later on, when less air
is left inside the bell jar, a feeble sound is heard

Characteristics Of A Wave
A sound wave can be described by its:
 Frequency
 Amplitude
 Speed

Some Important Terminologies Associated With Sound


CBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 12
Sound Notes
 Compressions - regions where density, as well as pressure, is high. It is here where the
particles are crowded together and represented by the upper portion of the curve where
maximum compression takes place
 Rarefactions - low pressure regions where particles are spread apart and are represented by
the lower portion of the curve
 Crest - peak of the wave
 Trough - valley of the wave
 Wavelength - the distance between two consecutive compressions (C) or two consecutive
rarefactions (R). It is represented by λ (lambda) and its S.I. unit is metre (m)
 One oscillation - change in density from the maximum value to the minimum value and
then again to the maximum value makes one complete oscillation
 Frequency of sound wave - number of one oscillation per unit time. It can also be
calculated if we can count the number of compressions or rarefactions crossing per unit
time. It is represented by v (nu) and its S.I. unit is Hertz (Hz). It is given by ν = 1/T
 Time period of wave - time taken by two consecutive compressions or rarefactions to
cross a fixed point or time taken to complete one oscillation. It is represented but T and
its S.I unit is second (s).
 Amplitude of wave - the magnitude of the maximum disturbance in the medium on either
side of the mean value. It is represented by 'A.
 Speed of sound - it is the distance which a point on a wave such as compression or
rarefaction travels per unit time.
 Intensity of sound - it is the amount of sound energy passing each second through unit
area. It is sometimes referred to as loudness or intensity, but they are not the same

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