Scribd
Upload
42 views

atomic_structure - IGCSE

Uploaded by

Test
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
42 views

atomic_structure - IGCSE

Uploaded by

Test
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Atomic Structure

1 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


What are atoms?

2 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


What are atoms made of?

3 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


What particles are atoms made of?
Atoms are made up of three smaller particles:

protons neutrons electrons


The protons and neutrons exist in a
dense core at the centre of the atom.
This is called the nucleus.

The electrons are spread out


around the edge of the atom.
They orbit the nucleus in layers
called shells (energy levels).

4 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


Mass and electrical charge
There are two properties of protons, neutrons and electrons
that are especially important:
 mass
 electrical charge.

particle mass charge


proton 1 +1
neutron 1 0
electron almost 0 -1

The atoms of an element contain equal numbers of


protons and electrons and so have no overall charge.

5 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


Properties of the particles of the atom

6 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


Summary: the atom so far
The nucleus is:
 made up of protons and neutrons
 positively charged because of the
protons
 dense because it contains all the
mass of the atom in a tiny space.

Electrons are:
 very small and light, and negatively charged
 able to be lost or gained in chemical reactions
 found thinly spread around the outside of the nucleus,
orbiting in layers called shells (energy levels).

7 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


Discovering atomic structure

8 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


Atomic (proton) number and mass number

9 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


How many protons?
Each element has a definite and fixed number of protons.
All the atoms of a particular element always contain the
same number of protons. For example:
 hydrogen atoms always contain 1 proton
 carbon atoms always contain 6 protons.

If the number of protons changes, then the atom becomes


a different element.

The number of protons in an atom is known


as the atomic number or proton number.

It is the smaller of the two numbers


shown in most periodic tables.

10 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


The atomic number (proton number)
What are the atomic (proton) numbers of these elements?

sodium 11

iron 26

tin 50

fluorine 9

11 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


What is mass number?
Electrons have a mass of almost zero, which means that the
mass of each atom results almost entirely from the number
of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

The sum of the protons and neutrons


in an atom’s nucleus is the mass number.

It is the larger of the two numbers shown


in most periodic tables.

mass
atoms protons neutrons number

hydrogen 1 0 1
lithium 3 4 7
aluminium 13 14 27
12 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012
What’s the mass number?

mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons

What is the mass number of these atoms?


Mass
Atoms Protons Neutrons number

helium 2 2 4
copper 29 35 64
cobalt 27 32 59

iodine 53 74 127
germanium 32 41 73

13 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


Building a nucleus

Needs fixing – in the spreadsheet

14 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


What are the missing numbers?

15 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


Summary activities

16 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


Glossary

17 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


Atoms – true or false?

18 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012


Multiple-choice quiz

19 of 19 © Boardworks Ltd 2012

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy