Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala

School of Mathematics
Mathematics-I (UMA010),Tutorial Sheet 01
(1) Show that the following limits do not exist as (x, y) → (0, 0).
x − 2y
(a) lim
x+y
xy 3
(b) lim
x2 + y 6
xy 2
(c) lim
x2 + y 4
xy
(d) lim 2
x + y2
∂x
(2) Find the value of at the point (1, −1, −3) if the equation
∂z
xz + y ln x − x2 + 4 = 0,

defines x as a function of the two independent variables y and z and the partial derivatives exists.
(3) Find fx , fy , fz for the functions:
p
(a) f (x, y, z) = x − y 2 + z 2
(b) f (x, y, z) = sin−1 (xyz)
2 +y 2 +z 2 )
(c) f (x, y, z) = e−(x
(4) Find fxx , fxy , fyy for the functions:
(a) f (x, y) = x + y + xy
(b) f (x, y) = sin(xy)
(c) f (x, y) = xey + y + 1
(5) If the resistors of R1 , R2 and R3 ohms are connected in parallel to make an R − ohm resistor, the value
of R can be found from the equation
1 1 1 1
= + + .
R R1 R2 R3
∂R
Find the value of , when R1 = 30, R2 = 45 and R3 = 90 ohms.
∂R1

P.T.O for Answers

2

Answers 1 (a) Hint: Take y = mx;

1 (b) Hint: Take y = mx1/3 ;
1 (c) Hint: Take y = mx1/2 ;
1 (d) Hint: Take y = mx.
∂x 1
(2) = .
∂z (1,−1,−3) 6
−y −z
3(a) fx = 1, fy = p , fz = p ;
y2 + z2 y2 + z2
yz xz xy
3(b) fx = p , fy = p , fz = p ;
1 − (xyz)2 1 − (xyz)2 1 − (xyz)2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3(c) fx = −2xe−(x +y +z ) , fy = −2ye−(x +y +z ) , fz = −2ze−(x +y +z ) .
4(a) fxx = 0, fxy = 1, fyy = 0;
4(b) fxx = −y 2 sin(xy), fxy = cos(xy) − xysin(xy), fyy = −x2 sin(xy);
4(c) fxx = 0, fxy = ey , fyy = xey .
∂R 1
(5) = .
∂R1 4
 Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala
School of Mathematics
Mathematics-I (UMA010), Tutorial Sheet 02
dw
1. Using chain rule express as a function of t and evaluate it at the given value of t for the following
dt
functions:
(a) w = x2 + y 2 , x = cos t + sin t, y = cos t − sin t; t = 0,

(b) w = z − sin (xy), x = t, y = ln t z = et−1 ; t = 1.

∂z
2. Find when, u = 0, v = 1 if z = sin xy + x sin y, x = u2 + v 2 , and y = uv.
∂u
3. If z = f (x, y), where x = eu cos v, y = eu sin v. Show that
∂f ∂f ∂f
x +y = e2u .
∂v ∂u ∂y
4. If H = f (x, y, z) where x = u + v + w, y = vw + wu + uv and z = uvw, show that
∂H ∂H ∂H ∂H ∂H ∂H
u +v +w =x + 2y + 3z
∂u ∂v ∂w ∂x ∂y ∂z
5. Evaluate ∂u/∂x, ∂u/∂y at the given point (x, y, z) for the following functions.
p−q √
(i) u = , p = x + y + z, q = x − y + z, r = x + y − z; (x, y, z) = ( 3, 2, 1).
q−r
(ii) u = eqr sin−1 p, p = sin x, q = z 2 ln y, r = 1/z; (x, y, z) = (π/4, 1/2, −1/2).
6. Find ∂z/∂u and ∂z/∂v when u = ln 2, v = 1 if z = 5 tan−1 x and x = eu + ln v.
7. Find the directional derivative of the function f (x, y, z) = x2 − y 2 + 2z 2 at the point P (1, 2, 3) in
the direction of the line PQ where Q has coordinates (5, 0, 4). In what direction it will be maximum
and what is its value?
8. Find the directional derivative of the function
(i) f (x, y, z) = xy 2 + yz 3 at (2, −1, 1) in the direction of i + 2j + 2k.
(ii) f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + 4xyz at (1, −2, 2) in the direction of 2i − 2j + k.
(iii) f (x, y, z) = 4xz 3 − 3x2 yz 2 at (2, −1, 2) along z-axis.
9. The temperature at a point (x, y, z) in space is given by T (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 − z. A mosquito located
at (1, 1, 2) desires to fly in such a direction that it will get warm as soon as possible. In what direction
should it fly?
10. Find the directions in which the functions increases and decrease most rapidly at P0 . Then find the
derivatives of the functions in these directions.
(i) f (x, y) = x2 y + exy sin y, P0 (1, 0); (ii) f (x, y, z) = ln xy + ln yz + ln zx, P0 (1, 1, 1);
(iii) f (x, y, z) = (x/y) − yz, P0 (4, 1, 1); (iv) f (x, y, z) = ln(x2 + y 2 − 1) + y + 6z, P0 (1, 1, 0).
P.T.O for Answers
2

dw
Answers 1(a) = 0;
dt
dw dw
1(b) = − cos(t ln t)[ln t + 1] + et−1 ; at t = 1, = 0.
dt dt  
∂z ∂z
2. = 2u[uv cos((u2 + v 2 )(uv)) + sin(uv)] + v(u2 + v 2 )[(cos((u2 + v 2 )(uv)) + cos(uv)]; = 2.
∂u ∂u (0,1)
∂u ∂u z ∂u −y √ ∂u ∂u ∂u
5(i) = 0; = 2
; = 2
. At ( 3, 2, 1) = 0; = 1; = −2.
∂x ∂y (z − y) ∂z (z − y) √ ∂x ∂y ∂z √
√
   
∂u ∂u −π 2 ∂u −π 2 ln 2
5(ii) = 2; = ; = .
∂x ∂y (π/4,1/2,−1/2) 4 ∂z (π/4,1/2,−1/2) 4
  (π/4,1/2,−1/2)  
∂z ∂z
6. = 2 and = 1.
∂u (ln 2,1) ∂v (ln 2,1)
√
4 21 √
7. , 2 41.
3
−11
8(i). ;
3
2
8(ii). −14 ;
3
8(iii). 144.
1
9. (2i + 2j − k).
3
10(i). Directions in which the functions increases most rapidly j; Directions in which the functions decrease
most rapidly −j; (Du f )P0 = 2; (D−u f )P0 = −2;
i j k
10(ii). Directions in which the functions increases most rapidly √ + √ + √ ; Directions in which the
3 3 3
i j k √ √
functions decrease most rapidly − √ − √ − √ ; (Du f )P0 = 2 3; (D−u f )P0 = −2 3;
3 3 3
i 5j k
10(iii). Directions in which the functions increases most rapidly √ − √ − √ ; Directions in which
3 3 3 3 3 3
i 5j k √ √
the functions decrease most rapidly − √ + √ + √ ; (Du f )P0 = 3 3; (D−u f )P0 = −3 3;
3 3 3 3 3 3
1
10(iv). Directions in which the functions increases (2i+3j +6k); Directions in which the functions decrease
7
1
most rapidly − (2i + 3j + 6k); (Du f )P0 = 7; (D−u f )P0 = −7.
7
 Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala
School of Mathematics
Mathematics-I (UMA010), Tutorial Sheet 03
1. Find the local maxima, local minima and saddle points of the functions.
(i) f (x, y) = x2 + 3xy + 3y 2 − 6x + 3y − 6;
(ii) f (x, y) = 2xy − x2 − 2y 2 + 3x + 4;
(iii) f (x, y) = x3 + 3xy + y 3 ;
1 1
(iv) f (x, y) = + xy + ;
x y
(v) f (x, y) = 3y 2 − 2y 3 − 3x2 + 6xy.
2. Find the absolute maxima and minima of the functions on the given domains.
(i) f (x, y) = 2x2 −4x+y 2 −4y+1 on the closed triangular plate bounded by the lines x = 0, y = 2, y = 2x
in the first quadrant.
(ii) f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 on the closed triangular plate bounded by the lines x = 0, y = 0, y + 2x = 2 in the
first quadrant.
(iii) f (x, y) = x2 + xy + y 2 − 6x + 2 on the rectangular plate 0 ≤ x ≤ 5, −3 ≤ y ≤ 3.
(iv) f (x, y) = 48xy − 32x3 − 24y 2 on the rectangular plate 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1.
(v) f (x, y) = (4x − x2 ) cos y on the rectangular plate 1 ≤ x ≤ 3, −π/4 ≤ y ≤ π/4.
3. A flat circular plate has the shape of the region x2 + y 2 ≤ 1. The plate, including the boundary
where x2 + y 2 = 1 is heated so that the temperature at the point (x, y) is T (x, y) = x2 + 2y 2 − x.
Find the temperature at the hottest and coldest points on the plate.
4. Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of f (x, y) = x2 − y 2 − 2x + 4y on the region R:
the triangular region bounded below by the x-axis, above by the line y = x + 2 and on the right by
the line x = 2.
5. Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of f (x, y) = y 2 − xy − 3y + 2x on the region R:
the square region enclosed by the lines x = ±2 and y = ±2.

Answers:
(i) local minimum (15, -8); (ii) local maximum (3,3/2). (iii) local maximum (-1,1); saddle point (0,0). (iv)
local minimum (1,1). (v) saddle point (0,0); local maximum (2,2).
2. (i) Maximum: (0,0); Minimum: (1, 2). (ii) Maximum (0, 4); Minimum: (0, 0). (iii) Maximum (0, -3);
Minimum:
  (4, -2).(iv) Maximum
 (1/2, 1/2); Minimum: (1, 0). (v) Maximum at: (2, 0); Minimum at:
−π  π  −π  π 
3, , 3, , 1, , 1, .
4 4 4 4
√ !  
−1 3 1
3. Hottest: , ; Coolest: ,0 .
2 2 2
4. Maximum (−2, 0); Minimum:  (1, 0). 
1
5. Maximum (2, −2); Minimum: −2, .
2
 Tutorial sheet-4
Multiple Integrals
1.Evaluate the following double integrals:
4 2 1 2 3
a) ∫3 ∫1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ( ln(25/24) ) b) ∫1 ∫1 𝑥 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 (28/3)
(𝑥+𝑦)2

𝑙𝑛8 𝑙𝑛 𝑦 3 2
c) ∫1 ∫0 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 (8 ln8 – 16 + e ) d) ∫0 ∫1 𝑥 𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 (24 )
4 𝑥2
e) ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 𝑦/𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 (3𝑒 4 − 7)
1 √(1+𝑥 2 ) 1 1 √𝑥
f) ∫0 ∫0 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 (𝜋/4)ln (1 + √2) g) ∫0 ∫𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ( 3/35)
1+𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

2. Evaluate

a) ∬𝑅 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦, where R is the region in the first quadrant bounded by (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑎2 .

(𝑎4 /8)

b) ∬𝑅 √𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 , where R is a triangle with vertices (0,0) , (10 , 1 ) , and ( 1, 1)

(6)

c) ∬𝑅 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 where R is the region bounded x-axis, line x = 2a and the curve 𝑥 2 = 4𝑎𝑦

(𝑎4 /3)

d) ∬𝑅 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 where R is the region bounded by y = 0 , line x + y = 3 , y = 4x and

y = 2. ( 22/3)
3. Evaluate

a) ∬𝑅 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 , where R is the region in the first quadrant bounded by line y =x , line x = 8 ,

y = 0 and the curve x y =16. ( 448 )

b) ∬𝑅 𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 , where R is the region bounded by the curve 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥

(3/56)
4.Evaluate the following double integrals by changing the order of integration:
3 √(4−𝑥) 1 𝑒 1
a) ∫0 ∫1 (𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 (241/60) b) ∫0 ∫𝑒 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ( e-1 )

𝑎/√2 √(𝑎2 −𝑦 2 )
c) ∫0 ∫𝑦 ln (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 (𝜋𝑎2 /4) (ln a-1/2)
∞ ∞ 𝑒 −𝑦 ∞ 𝑥 2 /𝑦
d) ∫0 ∫𝑥 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 (1) e) ∫0 ∫0 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ( ½)

4𝑎 2√𝑎𝑥 1 2−𝑥
f) ∫0 ∫𝑥 2/4𝑎 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 (16 𝑎2 /3) g) ∫0 ∫𝑥 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ( 3/8)
 𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 𝜋𝑎
h) ∫0 ∫𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 (4 )
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

5. Find the volume of the solid bounded by the planes x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, and x + y + z = 1.

(1/6)
6. Find the volume of the Tetrahedron in space cut from the first octant by the plane 6x + 3
y + 2 z = 6. (1)

7. Find the volume of the solid bounded by the surface 𝑎𝑧 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) from top and whose
base is the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 . (𝜋 𝑎3 /2)
𝑥2 𝑦2
8. Find the area of the curve 𝑎2 + = 1 by using double integration. 𝜋𝑎𝑏 Sq.Units
𝑏2

9. find the area bounded by the line x + y = 2 and curve 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 (7/6) Sq.Units
10. Find the area lying between the curve 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 (9/2) Sq.Units

11. Determine the area bounded by x y =2, 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 and y = 4. ( 28/3 – 4 ln2) Sq.Units
12. Find the area lying between the curve 4𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4 = 0 ( 9 Sq.Units)
13. Evaluate the triple integral:
2 2+𝑦 𝑦+3
a) ∫−1 ∫𝑦 2 ∫(𝑥 2+𝑦 2)/4 𝑦 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 (837/160)

1 √(1−𝑥2 ) √(1−𝑥2 −𝑦 2 )
b) ∫0 ∫0 ∫0 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 (1/48)
𝑎 𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
c) ∫0 ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
 Tutorial sheet-5
1. Sketch the following polar curves:
(a) 𝑟 = 1 − sin 𝜃 (b) 𝑟 = 1 + cos 𝜃 (c) 𝑟 = 1 + 2 sin 𝜃 (d) 𝑟 = 2 + sin 𝜃 (e) 𝑟 2 = cos 𝜃 (f)
𝑟 = sin 2𝜃
2. Evaluate the following integrals by changing to Polar Coordinates
2 √(2𝑥−𝑥 2 ) 𝑥
a) ∫0 ∫1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 ( 4/3)
√(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

∞ ∞ 2 +𝑦 2 )
b) ∫0 ∫0 𝑒 −(𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 ( 𝜋/4)
𝑎 𝑎 𝑥2
c) ∫0 ∫𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 ( 𝑎3 /3) ln (√2 + 1)
√(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

𝑎 √(𝑎2 −𝑥 2 )
d) ∫0 ∫0 𝑦 √(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 (𝑎4 /4)
1 √(2𝑥−𝑥 2 ) 3𝜋
e) ∫0 ∫𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 ( 8 − 1)
𝜋
3. Find the area inside 𝑟 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑟 = 𝑎(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) 𝑎2 (1 − 4 )

4. Find the area of the region outside the circle 𝑟 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 outer circle
𝑟 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 (3𝜋)
 Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala
School of Mathematics
Mathematics-I (UMA010),Tutorial Sheet 06
(1) Find a formula for the nth term of the following sequences:
(a) −1, 1, −1, 1, −1, ..... (b) 1, 4, 9, 16, ...
(c) 1, − 14 , 91 , − 16
1 1
, 25 , ... (d) −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, ....
(e) 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, .... (f) 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, ...
(2) Determine which of the sequences are nondecreasing and bounded from above?
3n+1 (2n+3)!
(a) an = n+1
(b) an = (n+1)!
2 1 n n
(c) an = 2 − n
− 2n
(d) an = 2 n!3
(3) Determine which of the following sequence converges by nondecreasing sequence theorem?
n+1
(a) n2 + 1 (b) 3 + (−1)n (c) n
.
(4) Is it true that a sequence {an } of positive numbers must converge if it is bounded from above ? Give
reason for your answer.
(5) Determine which of the sequences converge and which diverge? Give reason for your answer. Find the
limit of each convergent sequence.
1 1
(a) an = 1 − n
(b) an = n − n
(−1)n+1 n n+1


(c) an = 2n−1
(d) an = ((−1) + 1) n
2n −1
(e) an = 2 + (0.1)n (f) an = 2n
ln n 3n+1 n


(g) an = ln 2n
(h) an = 3n−1
1

n −1
(i) an = 1 − n 2 (j) an = tan n
√ 1√
(k) an = n − n2 − n (l) an = √
n2 −1− n2 +n
1+5n4 1+n3
(m) an = n4 +8n3 +1
(n)an = 70+4n2
sin2 n
(o) an = tanh(n) (p) an = n
(6) Find the sum of the following series if converges.
1 1 1 1
(a) 1 − + − + .... + (−1)n−1 n−1 + ...
2 4 8 2
1 1 1 1
(b) + + + ... + + ...
2×3 3×4 4×5 (n + 1)(n + 2)
∞
X 6
(c)
n=1
(2n − 1)(2n + 1)
∞
X 1 
1
(d) √ −√
n=1
n n+1
∞
X 40n
(e)
n=1
(2n − 1)2 (2n + 1)2
X∞
(f) 1 − 2 + 4 − 8 + ....
n=1
∞  
X 5 1
(g) n
+ n
n=1
2 3
2

(7) Find the value of b for which 1 + eb + e2b + e3b + .... = 9.

(8) Find the values of x for which the series converges:
∞ ∞  n ∞
X
n 2n
X x−1 X
(a) (−1) x (b) 3 (c) (lnx)n
n=1 n=1
2 n=0
(9) For what values of r does the infinite series

1 + 2r + r2 + 2r3 + r4 + 2r5 + r6 + ...

converge? Find the sum of the series when it converges.

(10) Give an example of two divergent infinite series whose term-by-term sum converges.
P.T.O for Answers
Answers 1(f) Hint: Use greatest integer function.
2(a) Non-decreasing, Bounded above by 3;
2(b) Non-decreasing, Not-Bounded;
2(c) Non-decreasing for n ≤ 5 (overall sequence is not non-decreasing). Bounded above by 64.8;
2(d) Non-decreasing, bounded above by 2.
(3) (a) Not applicable (b) Not applicable (c) Convergent
5(a) Convergent, 1; 5(b) Divergent, ∞;
5(c) Convergent, 0; 5(d) Divergent (limit not unique);
5(e) Convergent, 2; 5(f) Convergent, 1;
2
5(g) Convergent, 1; 5(h) Convergent, e 3 ;
5(i) Convergent, 1; 5(j) Convergent, π2 ;
5(k) Convergent, 12 ; 5(l) Convergent, −2.
5(m) Convergent, 5 5(n) Divergent 5(0) Convergent, 1 5(p) Convergent, 0 6(a) Convergent, sum=2/3;
6(b) Convergent, Sum= 12 ;
6(c) Convergent, Sum=3;
6(d) Convergent, Sum=1.
6(e) Convergent, sum=5.
6(f) Divergent
6(g) Convergent, Sum=22/3. (7) b = ln( 89 ).
(8) (a) −1 < x < 1 (b) −1 < x < 3.
(9) Sum= 1+2r
1−r2
.
 School of Mathematics
Thapar Institute of engg. and Tech., Patiala,
UMA010: Mathematics-I, (Tutorial Sheet 07)

Check the convergence/ divergence of the following series:

P∞ log n
(1)
n=2 n
∞
P 5n
(2) n
n=1 4 + 3
P∞ tan−1 n
(3) 2
n=1 1 + n
∞
P 1
(4)
n=1 cosh n
∞
P 1
(5) p
, where p ≥ 0
n=2 n(log n)
P∞ (ln n)2
(6)
n=1 n3
P∞ (ln n)3
(7)
n=1 n3
P∞ (ln n)2
(8) 3/2
n=1 n
∞
P 10n + 1
(9)
n=1 n(n + 1)(n + 2)
∞
P 1
(10) 2 2
n=1 1 + 2 + 32 + ... + n2
√
P∞ n 2
(11)
n=1 2n
P∞ n!
(12) n
n=1 10
∞ 1 n
 
P
(13) 1−
n=1 3n
P∞ (n + 3)!
(14) n
n=1 3! n! 3
P∞ n!
(15) n
n=1 n
P∞ 1.3.5....(2n − 1)
(16)
n=1 4n 2n n!
∞
P 1.3.5....(2n − 1)
(17) n
n=1 (2.4.6....2n) (3 + 1)
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P P 1
Answers (1) Divergent by Limit Comparison Test, (Hint: Take bn = n ).

(2) Divergent by Ratio Test.

P P 1
(3) Convergent by Limit Comparison Test, (Hint: Take bn = n2
).

(4) Convergent by Integral Test.

(5) Convergent for p > 1. (Hint: Use integral test)

P P 1
(6) Convergent by Limit Comparison Test; (Hint: Take bn = n2
).

P P 1
(7) Convergent by Limit Comparison Test; (Hint: Take bn = n2
).

(8) Convergent by Direct Comparison Test. (Hint: use ln(n) < nc )

P P 1
(9) Convergent by Limit Comparison Test, (Hint: Take bn = n2
).

P P 1
(10) Convergent by Limit Comparison Test, (Hint: Take bn = n3
).

(11) Convergent by Ratio test.

(12) Divergent by nth term test of divergence.

(13) Divergent by nth term test of divergence.

(14) Convergent by ratio test.

(15) Convergent by ratio test.

(16) Convergent by ratio test.

(17) Convergent by ratio test.

 Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala
School of Mathematics
Mathematics-I (UMA010), Tutorial Sheet 8
(1) Test which of the following alternating series converge/diverge? Give reason for your answers.
P∞ (−1)n+1
(a)
n=1 n2
P (−1)n+1
∞
(b)
n=1 n3/2
∞  n n
(−1)n+1
P
(c)
n=1 10
P∞ (−1)n+1 ln n
(d)
n=1 n √
P∞ (−1)n+1 ( n + 1)
(e)
n=1 n +√ 1
∞ 3( n + 1)
(−1)n+1 √
P
(f)
n=1 n+1

(2) Which of the following series converge absolutely and conditionally? Give reason for your answers.
∞
(−1)n+1 (0.1)n
P
(a)
n=1
P∞ (−1)n
(b) √
n=1 n
P∞ (−1)n sin n
(c)
n=1 n2
P (−1)n ln n
∞
(d)
n=1 n − ln n
P∞ (−1)n (2n)!
(e)
n=1 2n n! n
∞ p √ √
(−1)n ( n + n − n)
P
(f)
n=1

P.T.O for Answers

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Answers 1(a) Converges (Also absolutely);

1(b) Converges (Also absolutely);
1(c) Divergent;
1(d) Converges (conditionally);
1(e) Converges (conditionally);
1(f) Divergent.
2(a) Absolutely convergent;
2(b) Conditionally convergent;
2(c) Absolutely convergent;
2(d) Conditionally convergent;
2(e) Divergent;
2(f) Divergent.
 Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala
School of Mathematics
Mathematics-I (UMA010),Tutorial Sheet 09
(1) For what values of x does the series converge absolutely and conditionally? Also, find the series radius
of convergence and interval of convergence.
P∞ nxn
(a)
n=1 n + 2
∞
n!(x − 4)n
P
(b)
n=1
P(2x + 3)2n+1
∞
(c)
n=1 n!
P∞ xn
(d) 2
n=2 n(ln n)
P∞ nx4
(e) n 2
n=1 4 (n + 1)

P∞ (−1)n (x − 1)2n+1
(f)
n=1 2n + 1

(2) Find the Taylor series generated by the following functions at x = a:

(a) f (x) = x3 − 2x + 4, a = 2
(b) f (x) = ex at a = 2
x
(c) f (x) = , a=0
1−x
1
(d) f (x) = 2 at a = 1
x

(3) Find Maclaurin series for the following functions:

(a) f (x) = xex
(b) f (x) = x2 sin x
(c) f (x) = cos2 x
(d) f (x) = x ln(1 + 2x)

P.T.O for Answers

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Answers

Q. No. Interval of Interval of Conditional Radius of

convergence absolute convergence convergence convergence
1(a) −1 < x < 1 −1 < x < 1 No value 1
1(b) Only at x = 4 Only at x = 4 No value 0
1(c) −∞ < x < ∞ −∞ < x < ∞ No value ∞
1(d) −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 No value 1
1(e) −4 ≤ x < 4 −4 < x < 4 x = −4 4
1(f) 0≤x≤2 0<x<2 x = 0 and x = 2 1

2(a) 8 + 10(x − 2) + 6(x − 2)2 + (x − 2)3 + ...,

e2 e3
2(b) e2 + e2 (x − 2) + (x − 2)2 + (x − 3)3 + ...,
2! 3!
2(c) x + x2 + x3 + x4 + ...,
2(d) 1 − 2(x − 1) + 3(x − 1)2 − 4(x − 1)3 + ....
 Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala

School of Mathematics

Mathematics-I (UMA010), Tutorial Sheet 10

(1) Find the principal argument of the following:

√ √
(a) − 8i (b) − 3 + i (c) − 8 − 8 3i.

(2) Find the limits of the following complex functions:

2 iz 2
(a) limz→i (z + 2) (b) limz→1+i 3x + i4y (c) limz→∞
(z − 1)2
(3) Show that C-R equations are satisfied at the origin for the following functions
p
(a) f (z) = |xy|
2

 (z̄) z ̸= 0

(b) f (z) = z
 0

z=0
(4) Check whether the following functions are analytic or not?

(a) f (z) = (xy 2 + 2) + iy (b) f (z) = ex (cos y − i sin y)

(5) Show that the following functions are harmonic:

(a) u(x, y) = −x3 + 3xy 2 + 2y + 1

(b) u(x, y) = cos x sinh y

(c) u(x, y) = ex cos y + y

Find their harmonic conjugates and construct corresponding analytic functions.

(6) Solve the following equations:

(a) eiz+1 + 2 = 0 (b) e2z−1 = 1 + i

(7) Find the period and all the zeros of the following functions:

(a) sin(iz + 2) (b) cos(z − 2i)

P.T.O for Answers

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Answers:

1(a) −π/2; 1(b) 5π/6; 1(c) −2π/3

4(a) Not analytic anywhere;

4(b) Not analytic anywhere.

5(a) v = −3x2 y + y 3 − 2x + c;

5(b) v = − sin x cosh x + c;

5(c) v = ex sin y − x + c;

6(a) z = (2n + 1)π + i(1 − ln 2), n ∈ I;

 
1 1 1
6(b) + ln 2 + i n + π, n ∈ I;
2 4 8
7(a) z = −i(nπ − 2) and p = −2nπi, n ∈ I;
 
1
7(b) z = 2i + n + π and p = 2nπ, n ∈ I.
2