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List of Integration Rules

The document provides a list of integration rules and techniques for evaluating indefinite integrals including: 1. Common integration rules such as power rule, constant rule, substitution rule. 2. Standard integrals of common functions like logarithms, exponentials, trigonometric functions. 3. Strategies for integrating trigonometric functions with arguments like sinnxcosmx using identities and substitutions.

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Eveguel Morden Mallorca
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101 views3 pages

List of Integration Rules

The document provides a list of integration rules and techniques for evaluating indefinite integrals including: 1. Common integration rules such as power rule, constant rule, substitution rule. 2. Standard integrals of common functions like logarithms, exponentials, trigonometric functions. 3. Strategies for integrating trigonometric functions with arguments like sinnxcosmx using identities and substitutions.

Uploaded by

Eveguel Morden Mallorca
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LIST OF INTEGRATION

General Solution for an Indefinite Integral: Integration of Logarithmic Functions


1
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 (𝑥 ) + 𝐶 ∫ 𝑥 −1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥 | + 𝐶, 𝑛 = −1
𝑥

Power Rule for Integration 1


𝑥 𝑛+1 ∫ 𝑢−1 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ln|𝑢| + 𝐶, 𝑛 = −1
𝑛
∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶 , 𝑛 ≠ −1 𝑢
𝑛+1
Integration of Exponential Functions
Zero Rule for Integration
∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 + 𝐶
∫ 0 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐶
𝑎𝑢
∫ 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = + 𝐶, 𝑎 > 0 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎 ≠ 1
Constant Rule for Integration ln 𝑎
∫ 𝑘 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘𝑥 + 𝐶
Integration of Trigonometric Functions
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 + 𝐶
Constant Multiple Rule for Integration
∫ 𝑘 ∙ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝐶
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢 + 𝐶
Sum & Difference Rule for Integration
∫[𝑓(𝑥) ± 𝑔(𝑥 )]𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 ± ∫ 𝑔(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥. ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑙𝑛|𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢| + 𝐶 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢| + 𝐶

Definite Integral ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛|𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢| + 𝐶


Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTOC)
𝑏
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 SST Rule (sec sec tan)
𝑎
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛 |𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢| + 𝐶

∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 + 𝐶
𝑏
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 (𝑏) − 𝐹(𝑎)
𝑎 ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 + 𝐶

Integration by Substitution
𝑑𝑢 CCC Rule (- cot csc csc)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑔 (𝑢 )
𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛 | 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 | + 𝐶
𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑔(𝑢) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑔(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = 𝐺(𝑢) + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 + 𝐶

∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 + 𝐶


Integration of Hyperbolic Functions
∫ tan𝑛 𝑥 sec𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑢 + 𝐶

If 𝑛 is odd: If 𝑚 is even:
∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑢 + 𝐶
1. Strip one tangent
1. Strip two secants
and one secant.
2. Express all secants
∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛 |𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑢| + 𝐶 2. Express all tangents
to tangents:
to secants:
sec 2 𝑥 = tan2 𝑥 + 1
tan2 𝑥 = sec2 𝑥 − 1
3. Let 𝑢 = tan 𝑥.
Integration of Inverse Trigonometric Functions 3. Let 𝑢 = sec 𝑥.
𝑑𝑢 𝑢
∫ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝐶
√𝑎2 − 𝑢2 𝑎 If 𝑛 is even & 𝑚 is odd:

𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢 Use Identities and Integration by Parts


∫ = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝐶
𝑎2 +𝑢 2 𝑎 𝑎

𝑑𝑢 1 |𝑢|
∫ = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( ) + 𝐶 ∫ cot 𝑛 𝑥 csc𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑢√𝑢2 − 𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎

If 𝑚 is odd: If 𝑛 is even:
Trigonometric Integrals
1. Strip one cotangent
∫ sin𝑛 𝑥 cos 𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 and one cosecant. 1. Strip two cosecants
2. Express all 2. Express all cosecants
cotangents to to cotangents:
If 𝑛 is odd: If 𝑚 is odd: cosecants: csc 2 𝑥 = cot 2 𝑥 + 1
2
cot 𝑥 = csc2 𝑥 − 1 3. Let 𝑢 = tan 𝑥.
3. Let 𝑢 = sec 𝑥.
1. Strip one sine 1. Strip one cosine
2. Express all sines 2. Express all
If 𝑛 is even & 𝑚 is odd:
to cosines: cosines to sines:
sin2 𝑥 = 1 − cos 2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 = 1 − sin2 𝑥
3. Let 𝑢 = cos 𝑥. 3. Let 𝑢 = sin 𝑥. Use Identities and Integration by Parts

If 𝑛 & 𝑚 are both even: Sine and Cosine: Different Arguments

Reduce the integral using double angle,


half-angle, and power reducing formulas:
∫ cos 𝑚𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑚𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑚𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Half Angles:
1 1
sin2 𝑥 = (1 − cos 2𝑥) cos 𝑚𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥 = [cos(𝑚𝑥 − 𝑛𝑥) + cos(𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛𝑥)]
2 2
1
cos2 𝑥 = (1 + cos 2𝑥) 1
2 sin 𝑚𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 = [cos(𝑚𝑥 − 𝑛𝑥) − cos(𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛𝑥)]
2
Double-Angles: 1
sin 2𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑚𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥 = [sin(𝑚𝑥 − 𝑛𝑥) + sin(𝑚𝑥 + 𝑛𝑥)]
2
cos 2𝑥 = cos2 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥
Integration by Parts
∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑢
Choose 𝑢 in the order L I P E T:

L – Logarithmic Function
I – Inverse Trigonometric Function
P – Polynomial Function
E – Exponential Function
T – Trigonometric Function

NOTE:
• Try IBP if substitution doesn’t apply.
• 𝒅𝒗 must be integrable to find 𝒗.

UNKNOWN INTEGRAL
• It works when both factors integrate
and differentiate forever.

TABULAR INTEGRATION
∫ 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑔(𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
when differentiating 𝑓(𝑥) into zero and
integrating 𝑔(𝑥) repeatedly.

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